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英语句子分类一点通

 wjsysbh 2016-07-14

英语句子按使用用途目的可分为陈述句、祈使句、感叹句和疑问句四种。

一、陈述句

陈述句是说明一个事实或陈述一种看法的句子。陈述句分为肯定句和否定句。如:

Light travels faster than sound. 光比声速度快。

The film is rather boring.(肯定句) 这部电影很乏味。

The film isn’t rather boring.(否定句) 这部电影不是很乏味。

They have all read the book.(肯定句)他们都已读过了这本书。

They haven’t all read the book.(否定句)他们没有都已读过了这本书。

二、祈使句

祈使句用以表达命令,要求,请求,劝告或建议等。即有肯定形式也有否定形式。常用下列几种句型。

1、以动词原形开头的祈使句。这些句子的主语通常都是第二人称“you”。

Take this seat. 坐这个位子。

Do be careful. 千万要小心!

Don't move, please. 请别动。

Don't be nervous! 别紧张!

2、以let开头的祈使句。Let's 包括说话者,Let us 不包括说话者。如:

Let's have another try.咱们再试一下。

Let us have another try. 请(你)让我们再试一下。

Let's not talk of that matter.咱们不谈那件事。

Let us not talk of that matter.请让我们不谈那件事。

3、带主语的祈使句。谓语动词任然用原型。如:

God bless me. 上帝保佑我!

You feed the chicks today, Tom. 汤姆,今天你喂鸡。(吩咐任务。)

三、感叹句

感叹句是表示说话人赞美、惊叹、喜悦、愤怒等感情的句子。

1、标准感叹句 通常有感叹词what, how引导, what修饰名词,how 修饰形容词,副词或动词,其主谓用陈述语序,常用省略形式。其常见句型有。如:

1) How +形容词+ a +名词+陈述语序。如:

How clever a boy (he is)!他是多么聪明的孩子!

2) How +形容词或副词+陈述语序。例如:

How slowly(the old is walking)!那位老人走的真慢呀!

3) What +名词+陈述语序。例如:

What noise(the traffic is making)!车辆的噪音真大!

4) What +a+形容词+名词+陈述语序。例如:

What a clever boy(he is)! 他是多么聪明的孩子!

5) What + 形容词+复数名词+陈述语序。例如:

What wonderful ideas (we have)!他们的想法真奇妙!

6) What + 形容词+不可数名词+陈述语序例如:

What good news it is! 多好的消息啊!

2、一般感叹句

在任何一个词、词组或句子后加感叹号,即为感叹句,如:

Dear!天哪!

What colors and designs!这颜色,这图案真漂亮!

You was running really fast!你跑得真快!

Didn’t he know it!他难道不知道!

I’ve got so much from your report!从你的报告中我真学到了很多东西!

四、疑问句

在英语中,提出问题,有以下四种形式的问句:

1、一般疑问句

英语的一般问句要用倒装语序,即:把情态动词、助动词、系动词或动词have(有)提到主语前。如:

Can you finish the work in time?  你能按时完成工作吗?

Is your brother a public servant?你弟弟是公务员吗?

Do you have a car?(Have you a car?) 你有车吗?

Has she attended the report?她听报告了吗?

Did they pass the driving tesr?他们驾照考试通过了吗?

2、特殊疑问句

有疑问词引导的问句叫特殊问句,疑问词作主语或主语的定语时用正装语序;疑问词作其他成分时用倒装语序。例如:

Who is standing there?谁站在那儿?(疑问词作主语,陈述语序)

What had happened to you before I came here?

我来钱你到底怎么哪?(疑问词作主语,陈述语序)

Where do you live? 你住那儿?(疑问词作主语,陈述语序)

Why does he walk to work every day?

他为什么每天步行去上班?(疑问词作主语,陈述语序)

3、选择疑问句

用or连接并列成分或两个一般问句来表示选择。如:

Shall we have the meeting in the classroom or in the office?

我们是在教室还是在办公室开会?

Do you want tea or coffee? 你是要茶还是要咖啡?

Are you going to stay at home or go with us for a walk?

你是打算呆在家里还是跟我们出去散步?

Shall I go to get you at the station or will you get back by taxi?

是我去车站接你,还是你打的回来?

4、反意疑问句

在一个陈述句的后面再加一个省略一般问句构成反义问句,反义问句前后句主语相同,谓语形式相同,但肯定和否定形式相反。例如:

He knows her, doesn’t he? 他认识你,对吗?

He doesn't know her, does he? 他不认识她,对不对?

反义问句的特殊情况很多,应当记住。例如:

陈述部分的主语是I,疑问部分要用 aren't I。如:

I'm as tall as your sister,aren't I?我和你姐姐一样高,是吗?

2) 陈述部分的谓语是wish,疑问部分要用may +主语。如:

I wish to have a word with you, may I?我想和你谈谈,行吗?

3) 陈述部分用 no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little等否定含义的词时,疑问部分用肯定含义。如:

The man made no answer, did he / she?那个人没有回答问题,是吗?

Some plants never bloom (开花), do they ?有些植物从不开花,是吗?

4) 含有ought to 的反意疑问句,陈述部分是肯定的,疑问部分用shouldn't / oughtn't +主语。如:

He ought to know what to do, oughtn't he? / shouldn't he?他应该知道该怎么做,是吗?

5) 陈述部分有have to +v. (had to + v.),疑问部分常用don't +主语(didn't +主语)。如:

We have to get there at eight tomorrow, don't we?我们必须在明天吧点到达哪儿,是吗?

6) 陈述部分的谓语是used to 时,疑问部分用didn't +主语或 usedn't +主语。

He used to live there, didn't he? / usedn't he?他原来住在这儿,是吗?

7)、陈述部分有must/cannot表示猜测时,疑问部分根据实际情况而定。如:

He must be a doctor, isn't he?他肯定是医生,是吗?

You must have studied English here for three years, haven't you?

你一定在这儿学了三年英语,是吗?

He must have finished it yesterday, didn't he?你们昨天肯定干完了,是吗?

He can’t have come yesterday, did he?他昨天不可能来了,是吗?

8)、陈述部分由neither… nor, either… or 连接的并列主语时,疑问部分根据其实际逻辑意义而定。例如:

Neither you nor I am an engineer, are we?我们两个都不是工程师,对吗?

9)、陈述部分主语是指示代词或不定代词everything, that, nothing, this, 疑问部分主语用it。如:

Everything is ready, isn't it?一切都准备好了,是吗?

、陈述部分是并列复合句,疑问部分的谓语动词根据邻近从句的谓语而定。如:

Mr. Smith has been to Beijing for several times, and he is now there on business, isn't he?史密斯先生到北京去过好几次,并且他现在就在那儿出差,是吗?

11)、带有定语从句、宾语从句或状语从句的主从复合句,疑问部分要根据主句而定。如:

He is not the man who gave us a talk, is he?

他不是给我们作报告的那个人,是吗?

He said he would visit Japan the next year, didn't he?

他说他明年要访问日本,是吗?

12)、陈述部分主句主语是第一人称“We/I”,且谓语动词是think, believe, expect, suppose, imagine等时,疑问部分与宾语从句相对应构成反意疑问句。如:

I don't think he is right, is he?我认为他不对,是吗?

We believe she can do it better, can't she?

我们相信他会做得更好,不是吗?

13)、陈述部分主语是不定代词everybody, anyone, somebody, nobody, no one等,疑问部分常用复数they,有时也用单数he。如:

Everyone knows the answer, don't they? (does he?)大家都知道答案,是吗?

Nobody knows about it, do they? (does he?)谁也不知道这件事,是吗?

14) 情态动词dare或need的反意疑问句,疑问部分常用 need (dare ) +主语,而作为行为动词要加助动词。如:

We need not do it again, need we ?(We do not need to do it again, need we ?)这件事我们不必再做了,是吗?

She daren’t go home alone, does she?(She doesn't dare to go home alone, does she?)她不敢一个人回家,是吗?

15)、 省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句,疑问部分用will you。Let's 开头的祈使句,后用shall we? Let us 开头的祈使句,后用will you? 如:

Don't do that again, will you?不要再做了,行吗?

Go with me, will you / won't you ?和我一起去,好吗?

Let's go and listen to the music, shall we?咱们去听音乐,好吗

Let us wait for you in the reading-room, will you ?

请您让我们在阅览室等您,好吗?

16) 陈述部分是'there be'结构的,疑问部分用there省略主语代词。如:

There is something wrong with your watch, isn't there?你的手表坏了,是吗?

There will not be any trouble, will there?不会再有麻烦了,是吗?

17)  否定前缀不能视为否定词,其反意疑问句仍用否定形式。例如:

It is impossible, isn't it?不可能的,是吗?

He is not unkind to his classmates, is he?他很和善,是吗?

18)、在口语中为了寒暄、不满、怀疑或证实事实,有时用同向反义问句。如:

It’s fine, is it? 正是个好天气,是吗?

You can’t do it now, can’t you? 你现在不能做,是吗?

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