中考英语语法笔记整理大全（6）

动词的时态

动词的时态有很多。初中阶段主要掌握八种：一般现在时、一般过去时、现在进行时、过去进行时、一般将来时、过去将来时、现在完成时、过去完成时。

一般现在时

1）一般现在时态的构成：主语是I, we, you, they和名词复数时作谓语的行为动词用原形。主语是he, she , it和名词单数时，作谓语的行为动词的词尾变化如下：

一般情况	＋s
以s, x, ch, sh　或　o结尾	＋es
以辅音＋y结尾	去y变i＋es

2）一般现在时态的肯定句、否定句和疑问句形式（以be和like为例）：

主   语	肯 定 式	否 定 式	疑 问 式
第一、二人称和第三人称复数以及名词复数	I am a student. We/You/ They are students. He/ She is a student. I / We/ You/ They/ like music. Many people like music.	I am not a student. We/You/ They are not students. He/ She is not a student. I / We/ You/ They/ don’t like music. Many people don’t like music.	Are you a student. Are you/ they students? Is he/ she a student? Do you/ they like music? Do many people like music?

3）一般现在时态的用法：

 现阶段经常性，习惯性的动作 。例如：

    I get up at six every morning.  

    He plays tennis once a week.

现在的状态         例如：

My mother is a teacher. She teaches English in a school.

客观真理           例如：

The earth goes around the sun.

4）常用于一般现在时态的时间状语：

   often usually sometimes always every day never in the morning 等。

例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松！

1.--- May I help you, sir?

--- Yes, I bought the TV the day before yesterday, but it ______.

A. didn’t work   B. doesn’t work C. won’t work   D. can’t work

解析：电视虽然是前天买的， 但坏了是现在的状态， 应该用一般现在时态。选B.

2．______ the bus until it ______..

   A. Get off, stops    B. Get off, will stop C. Don’t get off, stops D. Don’t get off, will stop

解析：这是一个以until引导的时间状语从句，主句是祈使句，因此从句要用一般现在时表示将要发生的动作。根据句意此题应用not …until（直到……才）句型。应选C。

3．The 70-year-old man ______ exercises in the morning.

   A. takes          B. are taking      C. took             D. will take

解析：“这个70岁的老人早晨锻炼。”这里锻炼是一个经常性、习惯性的动作。因此，应选A.

现在进行时

 1）现在进行时的构成：Am/is/ are+ v-ing是现在进行时的构成形式

   v-ing现在分词的构成：

一般情况	+ing
以不发音字母e结尾的单词。去e,加ing	+ing
以辅音字母＋y结尾的单词	去e+ing
以重读闭音节结尾的单词，末尾只有一个辅音字母时.	双写词尾字母+ing

 2) 现在进行时的肯定肯定句、否定句、疑问句形式：

主   语	肯 定 式	否 定 式	疑 问 式
第一、二人称和第三人称复数以及名词复数	I am driving. He/She/It is working. We/You/They are doing something.	I am not driving. He/She/It is not working. We/You/They are not doing anything.	Are you driving? Is he/she/it working? Are you/they doing something?

3）现在进行时的用法：

 1. 说话时正在进行或发生的动作（动作是在说话时正在进行）。例如：

   She is having a bath now.

 2. 现阶段正在进行或发生的动作（但是动作并不是必须在说话时正在进行）。例如：

 You are working hard today.

 Kate wants to work in Italy, so she is learning Italian.

 The population of the world is growing very fast.

频度副词always, forever等词连用时， 表示某种强烈的感情。如：

He is always trying out new ideas. (表示欣赏，表扬)

表示按计划即将发生的动作（仅限于go, come, arrive, leave, start, fly, begin, stay 等动词）。如：

 The party is beginning at 8:00 o’clock.

6) 常用于现在进行时态的时间状语： now 等。

   often usually sometimes always every day never in the morning 等。

例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松！

 1．I don’t think that it’s true. She’s always ______ lies.

    A. tell      B. tells       C. telling      D. told

解析：always在这里应现在进行时连用， 带有感情色彩， 表示讨厌。选C.

2.How ______ you ______ with the new job?

A. do, do     B. do, get along    C. are, doing     D. are, getting on

解析：表示现阶段正在发生的动作，用现在进行时。选D.

3．--- Are these socks yours?

   --- No. Mine ______ outside on the clothes line.

 A. are hanging   B. have hung    C. hang      D. hung

解析：hang意为悬挂， hung意为上吊、绞死，先排除答案B、D。根据前后句意可判断出现在的状态，应用现在进行时。应选 A.

一般将来时

1）一般将来时的构成：

   1. 助动词will(shall)+动词原形

   2. am / is / are    +going to +动词原形 

2）一般将来时的用法：

   1．将要发生的动作。例如：

      I will leave for Beijing tomorrow.

   2．将要存在的状态。例如：

      This time next year I will be in Japan. Where will you be?

   3．打算要做的事。 例如：

      Are you going to watch the film on television tonight?

 3) 常用于一般将来时的时间状语：

tomorrow    next week    in 2008   等。  

例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松！

1. I______ for Hong Kong on Saturday. Will you go to see me off at the airport？

A. am leaving B. am left    C. am going to leaving D. left

解析：趋向动词leave 可用现在进行时表将来。选A。

2.I______ to see grandma and help her with some housework every week.

A. came     B. am going come C. come   D. will come

解析：此题虽然有every week, 但句意中表达的事将要去做的经常性动作。应该用一般将来时。因此选D。

3.We Chinese ______ the Olympic Games in 2008.

A. held       B. shall holding   C. are holding   D. are going to hold

解析：本题的时间状语是将来的时间， 所以选用一般将来时，A、D都删去。shall后面应跟动词原型，

故应选D.

一般过去时

 1）一般过去时的构成：

  用动词的过去式。作谓语的行为动词的词尾变化如下：

一般情况	+ed
以e字母结尾的辅音	+d
以辅音字母＋y结尾	去y变i＋ed
重读闭音节结尾的单词，末尾只有一个辅音字母	双写词尾字母+ed

2）一般过去时态的肯定句、否定句和疑问句形式（以be和like为例）：

主   语	肯 定 式	否 定 式	疑 问 式
第一、二人称和第三人称复数以及名词复数	I was a student. We/You/ They were students. He/ She was a student. I / We/ You/ They/ liked music. Many people liked music.	I was not a student. We/You/ They were not students. He/ She was not a student. I / We/ You/ They/ didn’t like music. Many people didn’t like music.	Were you a student. Were you/ they students? Was he/ she a student? Did you/ they like music? Did many people like music?

3）一般过去时的用法：

1． 过去发生的动作。例如：

    The police stopped me on my way home last night.

2． 过去存在的状态。例如：

They weren\'t able to come because they were so busy.

3. 常用于一般过去时的时间状语：

   yesterday，three months ago，last year，in 1979，often，always等。

例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松！

1． r. Mott is out. But he ______ here a few minutes ago.

A. was       B. is       C. will be      D. would be

解析：时分钟前发生的动作， 应该用一般过去时。 应选 A，

2．---Hi, Tom.

   ---Hello, Fancy. I ______ you were here.

     A.don’t know   B.won’t think   C. think        D. didn’t know

解析：虽然句中没有明确的时间状语， 但是可以通过上下文语境判断出， 这句话指的是我这段时间并不知道， 你前一阵子在这儿。 所以应选A。

3．He promised to tell me by himself when I ______.

A. come      B. would come   C. come   D. had come

解析：在时间状语从句中，用一般过去时表示过去将来。应选C。

现在完成时

1） 现在完成时的构成：have / has + v-ing

2）现在完成时态的肯定句、否定句和疑问句形式（以be和see为例）：

主   语	肯 定 式	否 定 式	疑 问 式
第一、二人称和第三人称复数以及名词复数	I /We/You/ They have been here before. He/ She has been here before. .I / We/ You/ They/ Many people have seen the film.	I /We/You/ They haven’t been here before. He/ She hasn’t been here before . .I / We/ You/ They/ Many people haven’t seen the film.	Have you/ they been here before? Has he/ she been here before? Have you/ they/ many people seen the film?

在完成时的用法：

1、表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果.常与already, just, ever, never, before等词连用. 如:

 She has never read this novel.他从未读过这本小说.(他对小说的内容不了解)

2、表示 “过去的动作”一直延续到现在并有可能继续延续下去. 常与for (后跟段时间)或since (后跟点时间)等连用.如:

I have been a member of the Party for 10 years.

        I have been a member of the Party since 10 years ago.

注：在有for 和since 引导时间状语的句子中不能用短暂性动词，应用与之相应的表示状态的词。如：

    He has died for 3 years.(F)

He has been dead for 3 years.(T)

注意：①现在完成时不能和表示明确的过去时间连用。如：in 1998, last morning等

      ②have/has been to 表示“去过”（去了又回来了）

        have/has gone to 表示“去过”（去了没回来了）

      如：Where has she gone?(句中所指的人不在)

         Where has she been?(句中作指的人在)

例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松！

--How long ______ he ______ a fever?

--- Ever since last night.

A. have, got     B. have , had    C. have, caught   D. did, have

解析：此句表示从昨晚起持续到现在的状态，应用现在完成时，去掉答案D。因为是段时间， 所以不能用短暂行动词，get和catch 都是短暂行动词。 因此选B.

My bowl is empty. Who ______ all my soup?

A. drinks      B. had drunk   C. has drunk     D. drank

解析：碗是空的了，这里强调的是所发生的动作造成的结果。 “谁把我的汤都喝了。应选C.

3. I ______ you for a long time. Where ______ you ______?

   A. Didn’t seen; did, go   B. didn’t see; have, gone   C. haven’t seen; have, been    D. haven’t seen; have gone

解析：for+段时间一般预先在完成时连用。“你去哪儿了？ ”（在这段时间你不在）应选C。

过去进行时

1）过去进行时的构成： was / were +v-ing

2) 过去进行时的用法：

 过去某一阶段或某一时刻正在进行的动作。 例如：

 This time last year I was living in Brazil.

 What were you doing at 10 o\'clock last night?

3)常用于过去进行时的时间状语：

 at four yesterday afternoon，then，at that time/moment 等。

例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松！

Daddy promised me he ______ me a computer

A. was bought   B. had bought   C bought    D. would buy    

解析：“爸爸答应我给我买一台电脑”。宾语从句中的动作是以过去为起点将要发生的动作，应用过去将来时。

选D。

They said they ______ do some sports if it was fine.

A. were going to   B. went    C. would going D. were going

解析：“他们说如果天气好的话他们打算去运动。”去做运动发生在说话之后，所以应选用过去将来时，答案B不合适，“打算作某事”为“be going to do ”.would 后面应跟动词原形，应选A.

过去完成时态

1）过去完成时态的构成： 

                   肯定式：had + 动词的过去分词      

                   否定式：hadn’t + 动词的过去分词

                   疑问式：Had … + 动词的过去分词

                   简略回答: Yes, 主 + have/has had.

    No, 主 + had现在完成时的用法

过去完成时的用法：

1、表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作。 他表示的时间是“过去 的过去 ”常与by last year, by the time of yesterday,等连用。如：

 She said she had seen the film 4 times.

 When Mr Li got to the classroom, all the students had begun reading.

 By the time they arrived, the bus had left.

2、表示 从过去某一时间开始一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态。常与for (后跟段时间)或since (后跟点时间)等连用.如:

 She had worked in this school since it opened 25 years ago.

例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松！

1. He ______ in Shanghai University for four years before he ______ Beijing.

A. studied, had gone     B. had studied, went

C. has studied, goes      D. had studied, had gone

解析：“他去北京之前在上大学学习了4年 ”。在上海学习的动作发生在去北京之前，因此第一个空应用过去完成时。此题选B。

2. Mary said it was at least five years since he ______ a good drink.

A. enjoyed     B. was enjoying   C. had enjoyed   D. would enjoy

解析：It was + 时间段+since 引导的从句中用过去完成时。应选C。

3. Xiao Pei said she ______ Hainan for 3 months.

A. has been in    B. had been in   C. had been to   D. had gone to

解析：“小培说她去了海南三个月 ”。have been to 和have gone to 都是短暂性的动词短语。所以适应表示状态的have been in. 应选B.

时态综合例题解析：

１--What are Mr and Mrs Black doing ?

---They _____ tea in the garden.                

 A. are drinking    B. drank    C. have drunk     D. drink

2. My mother often asks me _____early .           

 A. get up   B. got up    C. getting up     D. to get up

3. Soon Wu Dong ____ up with Li Lei, then they were neck and neck.  

 A. taught    B. caught    C. bought    D. brought

4. The car ____and stopped at the red traffic light.     　

 A. got on    B. got off   C. slowed down   D. picked up

5. Tom ____ the CD player for two weeks.             

 A. has lent    B. has borrowed    C. has bought     D. has had

6. ---Do you know ______?

 ---Sorry, but if he _____ back, I ____ you know as soon as possible.  

 A. when will he be back, comes, will let       B. when he will be back, will come, will let

   C. what time will he be back, will come, let    D. what time he will be back, comes, will let

7. We ____ to the park if it is fine tomorrow.      

   A. will go   B. have gone    C. go

8. A new shoe factory will ______ in this part of the city.  

 A. be building    B. be built    C. build 

9. ---______ all your things, Tom! I hate them here and there. 

 ---Ok, Mom.

 A. Put up     B. Put on   C. Put down   D. Put away

10. --- How about going hiking this weekend?     

  --- Sorry, I prefer ____ rather than _____.

   A. to stay at home, go out      B. to go out, stay at home

   C. staying at home, go out     D. going out, stay at home

解析：

1.根据问句的时态现在进行时，答句时态要一致，故选答案: A

 2.根据句中的谓语动词ask的固定搭配 ask sb to do sth. 故答案：D

 3.根据第一句的固定动词词组 catch up with sb 及第二句的过去时态，故选答案: B

 4.此题主要考查四个动词词组的掌握.根据后半句在红灯时停下来,故选答案: C

 5.此题主要考查现在完成时的延续和非延续动词，根据for two weeks 时间短语。故选答案: C

 6.此题主要考查宾语丛句和状语丛句的习惯用法。第一句是特殊疑问句的宾语丛句，要用陈述句语序。第二句是if 条件句。丛句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时。故选答案：B

 7.此题考查if 条件句的主句时态，要用一般将来时，故选答案； A

 8.此题考查语态。根据全句的意思，使用被动语态。故选答案： B

 9.此题考查四个动词词组put up ,张贴，举起; put on 穿上，上演； put away 把---收拾好。 根据后半句“我讨厌到处乱放”， 故选答案: D

 10.此题主要考查一个固定词组：prefer to do sth rather than do sth. 故选答案：C.