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中英对照 AQUAPONICS AND FILTRATION POSTED BY ECOFILMS ON JAN 8, 2012 IN AQUAPONICS, FILTRATION | 鱼菜共生与过滤 
Where did I put my other sock? Filters seem to be the bane of many people’s lives as they seek out many creative ways to remove fish effluent and waste from the water returning back to the fish tank. 人们想出各种各样有创意的方法来过滤从鱼缸循环回来的鱼产生的污水和废物。 Every day on Aquaponic forums people become obsessed with removing waste and seek out many ways to build extra plumbing into their system – large drum clarifiers, swirl filters, particulate filters, settling tanks to trap solids and prevent them from coming back. Dirty water – be gone! 每天在鱼菜共生的论坛里，人们一门心思在于消除浪费和寻找更多方法去在他们的系统中额外建造水管——大的圆桶沉淀池、漩涡过滤器、微粒过滤器、沉淀池来锁住颗粒（固体）防止他们回到鱼缸。脏水就消失了。 Solids are removed to make the water sparkling clean and habitable for the fish. The plants are fine. Remember they like the dirt. But the fish – the poor old fish look glum swimming around in effluent. Some fish can cope with living in a sewer – but eventually all fish succumb to disease and a nasty thing called Death. 颗粒被过滤了，就可以让水清澈干净以及适宜鱼类居住。而植物也能很好，记住，他们不喜欢干净。但是鱼类——那些可怜的老鱼在污水里看起来游得非常阴郁~~~~有些鱼可以应付在下水道的生活，但是最终所有的鱼会屈服于疾病和一种叫死亡的东西。 So fish require some degree of filtration to be happy and prevent various diseases from breaking out. 所以，鱼（生活的水）是需要一定程度的过滤，才能生活得幸福快乐，防止各种疾病的爆发。 So to what degree of filtration do you need in your aquaponics system? When should you start to worry? 那么，在你的鱼菜共生系统中需要什么样程度的过滤呢？什么时候你需要考虑这个问题呢？ In normal media based systems. Systems with hydroton or gravel in the grow beds growing vegetables, these become your primary bio-filtration mechanism. With a good assortment of composting worms and plants sucking up the nutrients, the grow bed media filter out the waste as the water passes through the media. This becomes your primary method of filtration and does a pretty good job of solids elimination. 在正常的中型系统中，生长床中用hydroton（[药] 氯噻酮 不知道什么东西）或者碎石来种植蔬菜，这些是你最基本的生物过滤机制。堆肥蚯蚓和植物混合吸收营养素，当水流过的时候，生长床就会过滤掉废物。这是过滤的基本方法，并且在固体的清除过程中发挥很好的作用。 A lot of fish matter waste can be seem deposited where the water trickles onto the grow-bed. It look s like a carpet of thick brown sludge – fish poo! The more fish you put into your tank – the more fish poo comes out the other end. Its not rocket science. 很多的鱼排出的废物似乎可以在水滴入生长床的地方被储存。鱼屎像一张地毯一样厚厚地沉淀，你在鱼缸里放的鱼越多，就会有越多的鱼屎出现在另一端（应该是指生长床）。 For most people that lightly stock their tanks with fish – filtration will never become an issue. Water quality always becomes an issue when people look into their tank and think they can add another twenty or thirty more fish because the tank looks empty with the way the fish are all huddled together in a group. 大多数人会轻易地往鱼缸里放鱼，认为过滤永远不是一个问题。当鱼成群结队地挤在一起的时候，鱼缸看起来还很空，于是人们认为可以再加二三十条鱼，这样水质就会成为一个问题。 Stock to your level of Filtration 根据你的过滤水平来决定鱼的数量 Then as the weeks progress, they begin to notice the water quality becoming less clear. Lots of tiny particles are swirling around the tank, especially when the fish are startled and shoot around the tank raising a cloud. Fine particle matter is stirred up and the water looks like a hazy dusty cloud of fecal matter. The rule of thumb with keeping fish and filtration is to stock fish to your level of filtration. If you only have a very small grow bed and that is your primary filter mechanism – then you need to reduce your fish load or increase your filtration system. Add extra grow-beds to accommodate the increased fish load. 然后几周过去了，他们开始发现水质变得不那么干净。很多细小的颗粒漂浮在鱼缸里，尤其是当鱼受到惊吓而在鱼缸里快速游动的时候，会带起微粒并把鱼缸弄得浑浊。持续养鱼和过滤的第一法则是：根据你的过滤水平来决定鱼的数量。如果你只有一个很小的生长床，那是你的基本过滤机制，那么你需要减少鱼的装载量或者升级你的过滤系统，增加额外的生长床以适应增加的鱼的装载量。 A build up of Organic Matter spells disaster 积攒起来的有机物会造成灾难 A build up of fish waste in your tank along with uneaten fish food, algae and organic matter if allowed to accumulate will affect the dissolved oxygen (DO) in your tank. As organic matter decays it produces carbon dioxide and ammonia. If you allow a lot of sludge to settle in your tanks, the dead matter will decompose anaerobically (without oxygen) and produce methane and hydrogen sulfide, which is very toxic to fish. You’re on a downward spiral if you allow your system to get out of hand. So some form of maintenance and water quality control needs to be implemented if you stock your aquaponics system with too many fish. Many seasoned aquaponics people advocate a lighter load in your fish stocking density for that very reason. Sometimes less is more. Try to keep the natural balance of your system in harmony. Another reason why solids are removed in the commercial Floating Raft method of Aquaponics is to prevent sludge adhering to the roots of the plants which can result in poor plant growth. Plants grow better in heavily oxygenated water but the roots of the plants should not be coated with a heavy lining of sludge. 鱼缸里鱼产生的废物和鱼吃剩下的食物、藻类、有机物一起，如果积攒起来的话会影响鱼缸里的溶解氧。随着有机物腐烂就会产生二氧化碳和氨。如果你让很多沉淀物留在你的缸里，无机物就会厌氧（没有氧气）地分解然后产生甲烷和硫化氢，那对于鱼儿们无疑是毒药。如果你让你的系统失控那么你就处在一个恶性循环中了。所以，如果你在鱼菜共生系统中养了过多的鱼，就需要执行一些维护的手段和水质控制了。所以呢，很多老道的鱼菜共生师傅提倡降低鱼的养殖密度，有时候，少即是多。设法保持你的系统的生态平衡和谐。 去除固体颗粒的另一个原因是，防止沉淀物附着在植物的根系，这样会导致植物生长欠佳。植物在大量含氧的水中能够更好地生长，但是它们的根可不能够被沉淀物包覆。 
UVI Clarifier澄清器 图中：baffles挡板 UVI Clarifier UVI澄清器 The University of the Virgin Islands (UVI) developed a system of conical tanks or clarifiers to trap solids in their tanks through a couple of added baffles. The water column along with the solids would enter the tank and would “drop out” or fall to the base of a conical bottom to be trapped and later pumped out. A series of baffle obstacles would make suspended particles easier to trap as the water flowed down, up and out through the tank. The particles would eventually coat the pipes and fittings of the tanks with a thick sludge which meant periodic and laborious cleaning. 维尔京群岛大学(UVI)改进了一种圆锥形的贮水池，或着称为清器，通过一对增加的挡板来挡住池里的颗粒物（应该指污物、杂质）。颗粒物随着水柱进入水槽中，然后被挡板隔离或者被收集到圆锥底部，随后被抽出。一系列的挡板作为障碍，能更容易地将悬浮颗粒物在水流的上、下、和流出水槽的过程中被收集。 最终，那些微粒会厚厚地覆盖在水槽的管道及配件上，那就意味着这个辛苦的周期完成了（水被净化了）。 Someone at the University had a bright idea and would occasionally throw a few tilapia fish into the clarifier tank to keep the pipes from blocking! In a commercial aquaponics system, Tilapia produce a lot of fish waste that needs to be eliminated from the system. As good as clarifiers are – accounting for 59% of solids removal – they still cannot remove all the solid matter. A further series of tanks stuffed with netting are used to trap solids before the water flows on its way to the raft system growing the vegetables. 该校中有人想出了一个好点子，就是偶尔丢一些非洲鲫鱼进澄清池中，以此来保持水管免受堵塞。在商业性的鱼菜共生系统中，非洲鲫鱼会产生很多鱼废料，这是需要清除的。即使此种澄清器很好，但仍然不能清除所有的固体物质，据统计只能清除59%的固体颗粒。更后面的一系列贮水池用网眼布拦着，用来在水流进成长床之前捕获固体颗粒。 Swirl Filter 漩涡过滤器 Despite how they are named – try not to think of the swirl filter like a agitated washing machine spinning water around rapidly. Quite the reverse. Swirl filters, rotate the water very very gently in a sweeping arc. Remember the water needs to move very slowly with the outlet pipe located in the center of the tank, just at the surface to gently capture water and send it on its way. The solids have plenty of time to sink as they gently “swirl” in a grand almost motionless spiral arc that traps matter and gently allows it to fall to the bottom of the tank. 尽管他们是这样被命名的，但你别指望漩涡过滤器会像一个躁动的洗衣机一样，快速地旋转里面的水。正相反，旋转过滤器是非常非常温柔和广泛的弧度使水旋转。记住，水的行动需要非常缓慢，而排水管则位于水池的中央，就只是在水的表面缓缓地捕捉水流，并在这过程中把水一点一点地送出去。固体则有足够多的时间在“旋转”的过程中沉淀，在巨大的、几乎静止的旋转弧度中，被困住的固体会沉淀到池底。 
Swirl Filter 漩涡过滤器 In the image to the left, two polystyrene floats are shown moving in an arc at the edge of the tank to better illustrate the principle. Below in the water you can see the spiral arms of the settled solids. The principles of swirl filters and particulate filters is illustrated well in the Aquaponics Secrets DVD. 在图中的左边，有两个聚苯乙烯（塑料）漂浮物在水池圆弧边沿移动，这能更好地阐明以上的原理。在水下，可以看到已沉淀的固体组成的漩涡臂。漩涡过滤器和微粒过滤器的原理将会在《鱼菜共生的秘密》DVD中很好地阐明。 How much solids should you remove in Aquaponics? 鱼菜共生系统中应该清除多少固体颗粒呢？ Removing all the solids in an Aquaponics system is a difficult business unless you employ a large expensive commercially provided centrifugal drum filter that is designed to spin water and eliminate particles as fine as the width of a human hair. Your talking microns here and even then some fine particles wont be eliminated. You can set up any number of solids capturing tanks and settling devices and never fully eliminate the problem because a lot of the suspended particles are trapped in the water column – never to settle! 在鱼菜共生系统中要清除所有的固体颗粒是非常难的一件事，除非你采用非常大花销的商业用离心鼓式过滤机，那是为旋转水和消除微粒（精细如人类头发的宽度）设计的，但即使是这样，也有一些微粒是无法被清除的。你可以建立任意数量的颗粒捕获池，解决好装置问题，却不可能完全消除颗粒物，因为很多悬浮颗粒物是随着水柱流动的。 
Sprayjet cleaning unit 喷嘴进化设备 Drum drive motor 卷筒驱动电机 Belt（BDS System） 传送带 Drum filter plates 转鼓过滤机板 Discharge of solids 排放固体 Inlet of water to be filtered 需要过滤的水入口 Outlet of filtered water 已过虑水排水口 HOW DRUM FILTERS WORK 鼓式过滤器是如何运作的
But don’t get trapped in throwing out the baby with the bath water or obsessing over solids removal. As solids undergo decomposition by microorganisms, nutrients essential to plant growth are released to the water, a necessary process known as mineralization. Mineralization is the very essence of plant growth and if you removed all the solids you would then have essentially an aquaculture system devoid of nutrients – not an aquaponics system. You would need to supplement your plants with external nutrients because without sufficient solids for mineralization, more nutrient supplementation is required. This would then add to your operating expenses and increase management complexity in running such a system. Aquaponics is an eco-system that many people don’t fully comprehend or understand. A balance between keeping the fish healthy and the plants thriving is essential. Clean water is essential and so are the nutrients trapped within it. 但是，别纠缠于清除微粒留下过滤的水或纠缠于清除固体颗粒。 随着固体颗粒被微生物分解，植物生长必不可少的营养素被释放到水中，这其中一个必要的过程被称作矿化作用。 矿化作用是植物生长的一个构成要件，假如你清除了所有的固体颗粒，你的养殖系统就会缺乏营养素，这样就不够成鱼菜共生系统了。因为没有足够的物体颗粒用来矿化作用，你将需要为植物补充外部的营养素。这会增加你的经营费用和增添系统运行管理的复杂性。 鱼菜共生是一个生态系统，这是很多人没用完全领悟或理解的。鱼的健康和植物的兴旺之间的平衡是至关重要的。干净的水固然重要，水当中的营养素也是必不可少的。 |
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