三、英语拼音怎么来拼读:(也就是单词的音标怎么读。/与我们汉语拼音很相似) 四、英文字母和常见字母组合的发音规则(或一般规律): 1. 为什么要掌握字母和常见字母组合的一般发音规律?目的只有一个,让我们能够做到------见字读音、音义结合。记住词形、服务拼写。第二步就是要反过来,学会语音认字(类似我们的拼音认字),通过多加练习,逐步达到听音写字、音义结合的水平。第三步是形义结合,练习英语汉语意义对应翻译。 2. 英语26个字母和常见字母组合的一般发音规律:(要求熟记于心,脱口而出) 辅音字母发音小口诀:辅音字母显易单,见面就把音来念。 辅音字母一见发音表:
常见辅音字母组合的发音口诀: 字母组合固定音,千锤百炼习语感。 wh发音 [h] 和 [w], th 常发 [W] 和 [T]; 例词: wh发音 [h] 和 [w], wh ---[ ] which, white, what, where, when, why [ ] whose, who, whole {*whew [hw-]} th 常发 [W] 和 [T]; th --- [ ] this, that, the, they, with [ ] thank, three, tooth, forth, eleventh ch/tch多发 [tF], 有时发音 [F] 或 [k]; (t)ch ---[ ] chicken, chair, child, sandwich, catch, watch chase(追赶,追击,追求), sh [F], ph [f], gh 不发或发 [f](词尾); sh ---[ ] shoe, ship, sheep, fish, wash, ash ph ---[ ] photo, telephone, phrase gh ---[ ] right, light, daughter [ ] laugh, cough ge\dge 多发 [dV], ck 发 [k], kn [n]; (d)ge ---[ ] orange, page, bridge, fridge, porridge(麦片粥,稀饭) ck ---[ ] black, kick, lock, back kn ---[ ] knife, know, knock, knee(膝盖), kneel(跪下), knit (编织), knob(球形把手, 旋钮), knack (诀窍), knight(骑士,武士; **《金山游侠》,金山公司出品的游戏修改软件), ng 易发 [N] [Ng], qu发音 [kw] 和[k]。ng ---[ ] sing, song, long, wing [ ] English, hungry qu ---[ ] quick, quite(相当,十分), quiet (安静的,平静的), quarter, require, [ ] cheque(支票), unique(唯一,独有独特的), technique(技巧), wr 发卷趋 [r], wr ---[ ] wrong, write, wrap(包,裹), wrist(手腕), wrest(拧,扭), wrestle(摔跤), wring(绞,扭) 双写分节不分音:miss, apple, egg, sorry, yellow, umbrella {双写元音字母:see, zoo, book} ts/tes ---[ ] its tail(它的尾巴), two baskets /boats(两个篮子/小船), my coats /shirts (我的上衣/衬衫), three hats(三顶帽子), What’s this? It’s a pen. sits, ds/des---[ ] two birds, two hands, English words, their beds, their heads, two blackboards, goods(商品/货物), 辅音连缀:pr ---[ ] practice, praise, pray, press, price, proud, pl---[ ] please, play, plane, plan, place, plain, plenty (丰富, 大量), pliers (钳子(如老虎钳,手钳,扁嘴钳等),镊子), plod(沉重地走, 辛勤工作), plop (扑通落下), plum(李子), plug(插头,插上), br---[ ] brag(吹牛), brake (闸,刹车), brain, break, bread, breed (使)繁殖, 教养, 抚养), brown, bride(新娘), bribe(贿赂, 向…行贿), brush bl---[ ] black, bleed, blind, blouse, blood, blue, cr-/kr---[ ] crab(螃蟹), cradle(摇篮), cream, crop, cricket([昆]蟋蟀, [运动]板球) criticize(批评, 责备), cry, cruel(残忍的), kraut(泡菜), Kremlin (克里姆林宫), cl-/kl---[ ] class, claim((根据权利)要求得到, 认领, 声称, 主张, 需要) clean, clear, clock, close, click(发出滴答 声,单击n.滴答声) , club(俱乐部, 夜总会,), klaxon (高音喇叭/气笛, 电喇叭), Klan (=Ku Klux Klan)三K党) gr---[ ] grade, grass, grape, graceful(优雅的,温文尔雅),green, great, grief(悲痛, 伤心事, 不幸, 忧伤), grin(露 齿笑, 裂口笑), groan(呻吟(着说), gruffly (说话或态度粗暴地, 粗声地, 生硬地) gl---[ ] glass, glad, gleam (发微光, 使闪烁), glide(滑行,滑翔), globe(地球仪), glove(手套), glue(胶水/胶合) fr---[ ] France, French, free, fresh (新鲜的, 无经验的), frequent (频繁的), friend (朋友), fried, fry, frog (青蛙), from(自,从),front (前面,前线,阵线), fruit (水果, 果实, 果类, 成果), frustrated (感到灰心/失败的) fl---[ ] flat, flag, flame(火焰,热情), flap (拍打, 鼓翼而飞, 飘动), flares (喇叭裤), flash (闪光, 闪现, 一瞬间), sl---[ ] slave (奴隶), slander (诽谤), slaughter (屠宰, 残杀, 屠杀), sleep (睡眠, 睡觉), sm---[ ] small (小的, 少的), smart (聪明的, 漂亮的, 灵巧地, 时髦地), smarty (=wise guy自作聪明的人), sn---[ ] snow, snake, snack (吃)快餐/小吃)), sk---[ ] skate, skating, skirt, ski (=skee滑雪), skim (掠过, 滑过, 浏览), skin (皮肤, 兽皮, 皮毛), skint (身无分文的, 穷光蛋的), skip (跳, 蹦,跳读), sky-blue (天蓝色的, 淡蓝色, 蔚蓝色) sp---[ ] speak (说话, 谈话, )spear ([spiE]矛, 枪), specific ([spi`sifik]特效药, 详细而精确的, 明确的), spice (香料, 调味品,情趣), spider (蜘蛛), sport(运动,运动会), st---[ ] stand, stamp (邮票, 跺(脚), 顿(足)), stage (舞台,戏剧,举行), star (星, 恒星, 明星, 名角), dw---[ ] dwarf ([dwC:f]n.矮子, 侏儒v.(使)变矮小), tw---[ ] twelve, twelfth, twenty, twentieth, twain ([twein]n.两, 双, 二, 一对), thr---[ ] three, thread(线,细丝, 线索, 思路, 螺纹), ***************************************************************** 字母L的两种读音口诀:音节开头发清音[l -], 音节末尾模糊音[- l], [l - ] lazy, like, look, long, lubber ([`lQbE] adj.粗笨的, 笨拙的n.傻大个), black, please, clock, color, toilet, holiday, English, Italian, nationality, lollipop, [- l ] girl[E:l], ball [C:l], small, school[u:l], well[el], smell, level[(E)l], smile[ail], hill[il], old[Eul], cold, child[ail], children [il], full [ul], beautiful [ul], apple [pl], people, pupil, table [bl], impossible, label ((贴)标签), little [tl], bottle, title, middle [dl], cradle(摇篮),bicycle [kl], eagle [gl], pencil [sl], puzzle [-zl], dazzle[5dAzl](眩目,晃眼,耀眼), 常见音节尾音总结:[i:l / il / el/ Al / Ql / El / E:l / C:l / Cl / u:l / ul / ail / eil / Cil / iEl / uEl / aul / Eul / ] [-pl / -bl / -tl / -dl / -kl / -gl / -fl / -vl / -sl / -zl / ] [-pEl / -bEl / -tEl / -dEl / -kEl / -gEl / -fEl / -vEl / -sEl / -zEl ] 元音字母a e i(y) o u 的发音口诀: 元音字母音多变,熟记规则也不难。 重开音节多长音,[ei][i:][ai][Eu][ju:/u:]来拼;重闭音节/轻音短,[A][e][i][C][Q][u][E] a接r /ss常发[B:/A], 还有[ei][A] [C/C:][i] [E]。e的发音首数[e],空尾/重[i:]轻[i][E]。 重开音节i发[ai],重闭/轻音短[i][E]。o发长音[Eu][C:][u:],短音[Q][C][E] one殊。 u字多发 [ju:]和[Q],忙碌busy(i)加[u:][u]。y头发[j]重读[ai],轻音/结尾[i]变来。 ay ,ey, o/uy,多发[ei][i],[Ci][ai]。r前元音常卷舌,S后弱音须强化。 相近发音不规则,省力顺口是关键。相近/强化加弱化,使得元音多变化。 例词: a--- [/ ei / B:/ A/ C:/ C/ E/ i / ] 强化音[ei],弱化音[E]a接r /ss常发[B:/A], 还有[ei][A] [C/C:][i] [E]。 name [ei], table [ei], car [B:], park [B:], class [B:], basket [B:/A], as [A], ass [A], father [B:], afterward(s) [B:/E](然后, 后来), dollar [E],cap [A], catch [A], grammar [A/E], America [E], asleep, alone, afraid, banana [E /B:/E], woman [E], water [C:], watch [C], what [C], war [C:], orange [i], e--- [/ i:/ e/ i / E/ -*(词尾空音) / ] 强化音[i:],弱化音[E/ i ] e的发音首数[e],空尾/重[i:]轻[i][E]。 he [i:], she [i:], we [i:], me [i:], evening [i:], red [e], pencil [e], empty [e], desk [e], umbrella [e], French [e], basket [i], women [i], pretty [i], the [E / i:], children [E], open [E], hundred [E / i:], / -*(词尾空音) /---- whose [z], house [s], nice [s], face [s], white [t], name [m], give [v], side [d], wake [k], prize [z], fine [n], tube [b], orange [dV], employee [i:] (职工, 雇员, 店员), apple [pl], table [bl], little [tl], middle [dl], bicycle [kl], eagle [gl](鹰), i--- [ /ai / i:/ i / E / ] 强化音[ai/i:],弱化音[E/ i] 重开音节发[i: /ai],重闭/轻音短[i][E]。 right [ai], bicycle [ai], white [ai], police [i:], this [i], which [i], his [i],building [i], beautiful [E], holiday [E], o--- [ /Eu/ Q/ C/ C:/u:/ u / E / wQ-] 强化音[Eu/ C:/u:],弱化音[E] u--- [ /ju:/ Q / u / u: /i / ] 强化音[ju:/u:],弱化音[i]u字多发 [ju:]和[Q],忙碌busy(i)加[u:][u]。 use [ju:], usually [ju:], tube [ju:], music [ju:], pupil [ju:], rubber [Q], umbrella [Q], mum [Q], hungry [Q], bus [Q], just [Q],cup [Q],put [u], full [u], pull [u], ruler [u:],Sue [u:],blue [u:],minute [i], busy [i] y--- [ /ai / j / i /] 强化音[ai],弱化音[i] y头发[j]重读[ai],轻音/结尾[i]变来。 your [j], you [j], yes [j], yellow [j], young [j], my [ai], why [ai], tyre [ai], style [ai], fry [ai], cry [ai], bicycle [i], baby [i], ready [i], hungry [i], very [i], thirsty [i], empty [i], busy [i], body [i], slowly [i], 常见元音字母组合发音口诀: 字母组合固定音,常受影响发音变;千锤百炼习语感。 另有强化加弱化,多个字母省略念。外来/古语不规则(发音),熟读百遍字腔圆。 a--- ay [ei] day, say, play, way, weekday, birthday, // [i] Sunday, Monday, … ar [B:] car, star, farm, are, park, garlic, // [E] dollar, collar, grammar, particular [pE`tikju:lE], al [C:] all, ball, small, hall, walk, chalk, // [B:] half, [C:l / Al / El ]非组合式的情况:although[C:l], alga [`AlgE](藻类, 海藻), algal [`AlgEl](adj.海藻的), algebra [Al`dVibrE] (代数学), signal [lsigEl](信号/发信号, 用信号通知), au [C:] daughter, fault, audience, cause, August[`C:gEst] (八月), august [C:`gQst](令人敬畏的, 威严的), [C] because, [au] kraut(泡菜), [B:] laugh, air [ZE] air, chair, hair, pair, fair, ai [ei] aid, aim, rain, afraid, wait, maid, straight, faith (信念, 宗教信仰, 忠实,), aw [C:] draw, law, saw, awful, raw, e--- ea [i:] teacher, tea, eat, meat, read, clean, heal, [e] bread, breakfast, head, [ei] great, break, steak, ee [i:] meet, teeth, see, three, green, week, freezing, queen, ei [ei] eight, weigh, weight, [i:] receive, ceiling, deceit (n.欺骗, 谎言), deceive(v. 欺骗, 谎言), receipt (收条, 收据, 收到), perceive (v.察觉感知, 感到), conceit (原义;自负, 幻想), er [E:] her, herd(兽群, 牧群/放牧), emergency (紧急情况, 紧急突发事件, 非常时刻,), [E] teacher, sister, brother, farmer, worker, letter, over, ear [iE] ear, hear, near, year, fear, earwig (偷听者), [ZE] pear, wear, swear(宣誓, 发誓), [E:] early, earth, earn, ere [iE] here, sphere (球体), hemisphere (半球), [ZE] there, ere (prep/conj. 前于...; 在...以前), eir [ZE] their, eer [iE] beer, deer, cheer(欢呼/喝彩), sneer(冷笑,讥笑), jeer(讥讽嘲弄), engineer, , ey [ei] they, grey, hey, ew [ju:] new, few, hew(砍), view(景色, 风景, 观点, 见解), ewe (母羊), i--- ir [E:] girl, sir, thirsty, shirt, skirt, first, thirty, whirl((使)旋转), stir (轰动, 激起,搅动), ie [i:] piece, niece(侄女, 甥女), field, thief, believe, belief, achieve(完成, 达到), chief(首领, 领袖, 酋长, 长官//主要的, 首要的, 首席的, 主任的), grief(悲痛, 伤心事, 不幸, 忧伤), relief((痛苦等的)减轻), ire [aiE] tire(轮胎;使劳累), tired(累的,疲劳的), wire(金属丝, 电线), igh [ai] right, light, fight, might(也许, 或许; 可能), night, knight, o--- or [C:] or, for, fork, morning, short, torch, more, [E:] work, worker, [E] actor, doctor, forget, oa [Eu] boat, coat, goat, goal, oo [u:]school, food, too, room, tooth, spoon, moon, boot, root, wool, mood(心情, 情绪, 语气, 状态), [u] book, look, cook, good, football, foot [Q] blood, flood, ou [au] house, blouse, trousers, mouse, mouth, south, ouch, out, our, hour, flour, sour, mountain, [Q] young, touch, rough(粗糙的, 粗略的, 大致的, 粗野的), [u:] you, through, rouge [ru:V](擦口红/胭脂), [u]would, could, should, [C:] cough, ow [au] brown, down, how, now, towel, tower, [Eu] yellow, bowl, show, blow, snow, throw oy/oi [Ci] boy, toy, enjoy, employ, // noise, noisy, toilet, oil, boil, our [au] our, flour(面粉) [C:] your, four, course, ore [C:] before, more, forehead, foresee, oor [C:/ JE]/ door, floor, moor(荒野;停泊, 系住), u--- ur [E:] turn, Thursday, hurt, fur, urge, further, urban (城市的, 市内的), suburb, suburbia (郊区居民), ure picture, future[tFE], // sure[FuE], //pleasure, measure[VE], ua [JE] usual, usually, February, graduate [`grAdJEt](大学)毕业生, 研究生), 非组合发音: graduate [`grAdjJeit] (v. (使)(大学)毕业), [jJE]January, 五、音节、音节的结构和类型、音节划分、音节重音和拼读: 1. 音节就是英文单词字母(或发音)的排列单位,一个单位算一节。连读起来轻重缓急,流利有节奏,便于听说阅读。 2. 音节的结构、类型:口诀: 完全结构头中尾(音头/音中/音尾),元音字母占中央(包含组合),缺头少尾有开闭(音节),e尾/成音/r音节。 3. 划分音节口诀: 音节中心看母音,辅音要向两边站。中心之间辅音连,一靠后,二分手;多个中间偏左右,字母组合算一个(音)。多音节尾 -l -m –n(e),前有辅音成音节。 4. 单词重音(重音符号ˊ):双音节和多音节词中常常重读一个音节,其它读轻音。遇到生词,有音标当然省事,但在无音标的情况下,至于哪个音节要重读,由于英语词源、构词、例外情况等诸多因素限制,不可能将每个生词读的完全无误。只能掌握的一般规律: |
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