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下面是不定代词的用法 不定代词——即用以指代不确定的人或物. I.)一些、许多和一点点 △许多:many与much many+可数名词,much+不可数名词. Many boys, many books ,many girls ,many cars, Much water, much paper , much sand, much air, 例：There are many sheep on the grass. Many of us are from Hongkong.我们中有许多人是香港人. ★ a large number of +可数名词 a great deal of =a good deal of +不可数名词 可数和不可数都可用：a lot of =lots of ,plenty of. △一些：some与any ： some用于肯定,any用于否定和疑问句.Some与any不区分可数与不可数.例：I have some books. I haven’t any books. ★some 有时可以用于疑问句中,表示希望得到肯定的答复（或明知别人有一些）.例：Will you give me some pens? May we ask you some question? ★some与any的另一个意思： any+单数——任何；some+单数——某个； Some_某个（些）——可用于否定和疑问. 例：Some of us are right. Some people didn’t come to the party. I have something to tell you . any_任何一个——可用于肯定句. 例：She is taller than any other girl in her class. Any student should obey the rules. △一点（点）： a few ,few+可数, a little, little+加不可数. a few 与a little _表示“有一些,有一点”是肯定概念； few 与little表示“少许几个,几乎没有”是否定概念,放在肯定陈述句中,陈述句就变成否定句了. 例： I have a few good friends.（肯定） I have few good friends.(否定) A few of us know Russian.(肯定) Few of us knows Russian.(否定） 附：按有多至少的顺序排列如下： 1.many,much——some,any——a few,a little——few,little II.)两个与三个. ★两个都——both; 两个都不——neither. 我们俩都是士兵：Both of us are soldier. 我们俩都不是士兵：Neither of us is a solder. 约翰和汤姆都喜欢英语：Both John and Tom like English. 约翰和汤姆都不喜欢英语：Neither John nor Tom likes English. 我和他都是工人.Both I and he are workers. 我和他都不是工人. Neither I nor he is a worker. 我和他都不是工人.Neither he nor I am a worker. 规律：1.both A and B---动词用复数 2.neitherA nor B—B,即动词取决于B 3.either A or B—B, 即动词取决于B *注意：表示两者都不,用neither,不用not both,其他的均如此. ★ 三者或三者以上的“都”——all 三都或三者以上的“都不”——none. all 指可数,用复数动词谓语, 例：All of us are students. They all stood up when the teacher came in. All the people are friendly. all指不可数,用单数谓语动词, That’s all for today. none指可数,谓语动词可用单数也可用复数. none指不可数,谓语动词用单数. 例：None of us is (are)right.我们一个也不对. I know none of them. 他们中我一个也不认识. There is none in the room.房间里一个人也没有. ★\x09either:表示两者之一,或者是从两个里边选一个. either 一般视作单数 Either of us is right.我们两个中只有一个是对的. Either he or I am a teacher. 要么他是老师,要么我是老师. Either I or he is a teacher. You may use the either one. 你可以使用其中一个. △either 作副词的情况——“也不”,表否定.（too,也,表肯定.） 例：He studies English ,too. 他也学英语.（肯定） He doesn’t study English,either.（否定） 总结： 两个都—— both,both A and B _复数 两个都不：neither A nor B_B Either A nor B _B. III）指人、指物 ★every与each. each(强调个性)即每一个,each 在句中可以做主语,宾语,定语和同位语. Each of them did his duty.(主)他们中每一个人都尽守尽职. The teacher talked with each of us .（宾）老师分别与他们每一个交谈. Each student has his own weak points.（主）每一个学生都有他薄弱的地方. We each did not speak first.（同位语）我们每个人都不先开口. every (强调共性)即大家,每人,视为一个完整的一群人,every在句中只能做定语. 例：I get up at six every day. He knows every members. 他认识所有的成员. each+单数可数名词；every+复数或单数名词 ★Every——everyone-everybody-everything. Some——someone-somebody-something Any——anyone-anybody-anything. No——no one-nobody-nothing 指人——XXXone=XXXbody,即everyone=everybody.大家,每个人. Someone =somebody某人,anyone=anybody任何人,no one =nobody,没人. 以上所有,一般起到名词作用,在句中作主语、宾语、表语（不做定语）.：I knew nothing.(宾)我什么也不知道. Everything is good(主)一切都是美好的. everything一切事.something某些事.anything任何事.nothing没有什么事. 与some构成的,其用法和some相同,用于肯定句. 与any 构成的,其用法和any相同,用于否定句和疑问句. 例：Do you have anything to say?你有什么要说的吗? I have something to tell you. 还有两点： 1）它们一律视为单数,谓语动词用单数. 例：Everyone knows it.大家都知道这个. Someone is waiting for you.有人在等你. 2）它们被定语修饰时：XXXthing+形容词 Something important. nothing serious. anything new. ★one指人,指物,表“某个”： one-ones(复数) one’s某某人的（所有格） oneself某某自己（反身代词） 经常用one代替前面提到过的人或事物. 例：There are two books on the table.One is mine.(one=one book) I don’t like this shirt,I like that one.(that one=that shirt) One通常代替可数名词,如果是不可数名词,那就直接重复该名词或干脆省略不写. 例：One should be strict with oneself. 人应该严格要求自己. ★\x09another;other;the other;the others 泛指-----单数：another另一个,又一个 复数：others另一些,又一些 特指-----单数：the other其他的（一个） 复数：the others其他的（一些） I have two bags. One is black, the other is blue. I shall have another cup of tea. Some are singing, others are dancing. 凡是加the的都是特指 She is taller than any other girl in class.她比班上任何一个女孩都要高.----than any other+单数名词 比任何一个都... Some boys are here, the others are there. IV)no---没有 no=not any或not a There is not(isn't) a truck on the road.=There is no truck on the road. I have not a book.=I have no book. There aren't any sheep on the hill.=There are no sheep on the hill. I haven't any friends.=I have no friends. 附：在否定句或疑问句里,一般不用and,而用or 或nor. It has no arms or(不用and) legs. 如果非要用and ,记得用公式：not(或no) A+and+not(或no)B It has no arms or(不用and) legs.=It has *no arms* and *no legs*. |
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