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说明 由于时间紧张，难以对资料进行全面梳理，现仅将翻译资料中相关核心内容整理推出，供读者参考。 欢迎惠此稿件，我的微信：dfang_yan 提起送达难，几乎每一个基层法官都有切身体会。风风雨雨暂且不论，当事人千奇百怪的逃避手段，着实让法官头疼不已。有道是，他山之石可以攻玉，我们看看美国的司法送达方式，或许便能发现我们送达难的症结所在： 我们以宝贵的司法资源承担了不该承担的邮差职能，同时， 由于司法权的不当介入，使当事人彼此之间的对抗转化成了针对司法机关的对抗，不难才怪！ 以下是《美国联邦诉讼规则》第四条的内容，对司法送达做出了具体规定，请读者诸君研判： Rule 4. Summons (a) Contents; Amendments. (1) Contents. A summons must: (A) name the court and the parties; (B) be directed to the defendant; (C) state the name and address of the plaintiff's attorney or—ifunrepresented—of the plaintiff; (D) state the time within which the defendant must appear anddefend; (E) notify the defendant that a failure to appear and defendwill result in a default judgment against the defendant for the relief demandedin the complaint; (F) be signed by the clerk; and (G) bear the court's seal. (2) Amendments. The court may permit a summons to be amended.
第四条 传票 (a) 内容；修改 (1) 内容。传票必须： (A) 载明法院名称和当事人姓名/名称； (B) 指明送达给被告； (C) 载明原告律师的姓名及地址，或者在原告未委托代理人时，载明原告姓名/名称及地址； (D) 载明被告出庭和答辩期限； (E) 告知被告如不出庭答辩，法院将会就原告起诉书中载明的诉讼请求做出缺席判决； (F) 由书记员签发；并且 (G) 加盖法院公章； (2) 修改。法院可以准许对传票做出修改。
(b) Issuance. On or afterfiling the complaint, the plaintiff may present a summons to the clerk forsignature and seal. If the summons is properly completed, the clerk must sign,seal, and issue it to the plaintiff for service on the defendant. A summons—ora copy of a summons that is addressed to multiple defendants—must be issued foreach defendant to be served. (b) 签发。在递交起诉状时，或者在递交起诉状之后，原告即可向法庭书记员呈递传票，请求书记员签字并盖章。如果传票填写完整、适当，书记员必须签字和盖章，并应签发给原告，由原告负责向被告送达。有多个被告时，传票必须针对拟被送达的被告逐一签发。
(c) Service.
(1) In General. A summons mustbe served with a copy of the complaint. The plaintiff is responsible for havingthe summons and complaint served within the time allowed by Rule 4(m) and mustfurnish the necessary copies to the person who makes service.
(2) By Whom. Any person whois at least 18 years old and not a party may serve a summons and complaint.
(3) By a Marshal or SomeoneSpecially Appointed. At the plaintiff's request, the court may order thatservice be made by a United States marshal or deputy marshal or by a personspecially appointed by the court. The court must so order if the plaintiff isauthorized to proceed in forma pauperis under 28 U.S.C. §1915 or as a seamanunder 28 U.S.C. §1916.
(c) 送达
(1) 一般规定。送达传票必须随附起诉书副本一份。原告负责在本《规则》第四条第M款规定的期限内将传票及起诉书送达给被告，并须向执行送达服务之人提供必要副本。
(2) 送达事项执行人。非一方当事人且年满十八岁的任何人均可执行传票和起诉书送达事项。
(3) 通过执法官或者专门指定的人员送达。应原告请求，法院可以指令联邦执法官、执法次官或者专门指定的人员负责执行上述送达事项。如果原告属于《美国法典》第二十八编第1915条规定的享受贫民诉讼资格（IFP）之人，或者是《美国法典》第二十八编第1916条规定的海员，则法院必须做出上述送达指令。 |
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