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一行禅师答问 2012年英国诺丁汉大学 什么是心？什么是意识？ I want to know what is this consciousness? this mind? 我想知道什么是意识？什么是心？ Is it just a part of my physical body? 它们是我们肉体的一部分？ Or is it something else? 还是其他东西？ Where does it come from? 意识从哪里来？ In neuro-science, they speak of background consciousness, 神经科学讲的底层意识 which is very much equivalent to our store consciousness. 就很类似我们的藏识 In Buddhism, we speak of store consciousness, 在佛教里，我们称之为藏识 as a part of consciousness that always operates day and night. 它是意识的一部分，日夜发挥作用 Store consciousness is capable of receiving information, 藏识能接受信息 storing information, 储存信息 processing information, 处理信息 and keep learning. 并不断学习 When you drive a car, it is your store consciousness that is driving, 当你开车的时候，是你的藏识在开车 not your mental mind consciousness. 并不是你的心意识在开车 In the beginning, when you learn driving, you have to use your mind consciousness. 开始的时候，你学开车的时候，你需要用你的意识 You have to focus your attention. 你得集中你的注意力 It is difficult. 这很困难 But in the process of doing so, store consciousness learns. 但是在这个过程中，藏识会学习 And finally, you don't have to think about it 最终，你不需要思考它 and you can drive like that, but your mind is thinking about other things. 你可以开车的同时，心里想着别的事情 So, store consciousness is practically doing most of the things, 所以，藏识实际上做了大部分的事情 including driving a car. 包括开车 During the night, when you are sleeping, 你晚上睡觉的时候 and if your body feels cold, your hand reaches out for a blanket. 当你的身体感到冷的时候，你的手就会去找毯子 That is store consciousness, not mind consciousness. 这是藏识，不是意识 Your mind consciousness might be in a dream. 你的意识可能在做梦 You might see something such as you are swimming in an icy lake. 你可能会看到什么，例如你在冰冷的湖水里游泳 You can sit like that and you reach out for a blanket, 像你现在这样坐着，伸手拿毯子 that is store consciousness. 这是藏识 Mind consciousness is much slower. 意识迟缓多了 While you are driving, if you encounter something 当你开车的时候，如果遇到什么状况 and you can very quickly take action to avoid an accident, 你可以非常迅速反应避免事故 that is store consciousness 那是藏识 You have learned and reacted very quickly. 这些都是学来的，反应非常快 If you had to wait for your mind to make a decision, it might be too late. 如果等你的意识来作决定，就太迟了 That is why, we can conclude that mind is slower and more expensive also. 所以我们可以说意识很迟缓，代价更高 Because our brain spends a lot of energy 因为我们的大脑要消耗很多能量 while our store spends much less energy. 而我们的藏识消耗的能量少很多 Mind consciousness is a kind of consciousness 意识是一种 that can stop operate all together from time to time 可以经常停止运行的识 while store consciousness always continues. 而藏识则始终在运行 When you are in a coma, mind consciousness may stop operating. 当你昏迷不醒的时候，意识可能停止了运作 Or when you enter a kind of concentration, called no mind concentration, 当你进入一种专注的状态，被称之为无意识的专注 you also stop your mind completely. 你就彻底停止了你的意识 Your mind is not thinking at all. 你的心不再思考 And mind consciousness can operate jointly with eye consciousness, 意识可以和眼识一起作用 ear consciousness, nose, tongue, body. 也可以和耳识、鼻识、舌识、身识一起运作 And mind can operate alone. 意识可以独立运作 When you shut down all the windows of five senses, mind can work by its own. 关闭五根之门，意识可以独立工作 When you practice deep concentration, 当你进入甚深的禅定时 you can ignore everything happening around you, 你可以忽略周围的一切 you close all the five sense doors, 你关闭了所有五根之门 and you are deep in object of meditation with mind consciousness. 你的意识深深地关注在禅定的所缘上 And mind consciousness can be in the state of concentration, 意识可以处于禅定的状态 mind consciousness can be in the state of confusion. 意识也可以处于散乱的状态 The opposite of concentration is mind in dispersion. 禅定的反面就是心的散乱 And mind consciousness can be in the state of psychosis. 意识也可以处于精神病症的状态 In the teaching of the Buddha, 在佛陀的教导中 whether it is mind consciousness or store consciousness, 不管是意识还是藏识 it has to lean on the body. 都依赖于肉体 It cannot manifest without the body. 它不能脱离肉体而展现 And the body also cannot be on its own without consciousness. 身体也不能脱离识而成为身体 So body and mind inter-are, similar to the left and the right. 所以身心相互依存，就像左和右 If you think that the body can be without the mind, that is wrong. 如果你觉得身体可以脱离意识存在，是错的 That is not a living body, that is a dead body. 那不是活生生的身体，那是一具尸体 That is why, mind must lean on the body to be mind 所以心需要依赖于身体才成其为心 and body has to lean on mind in order to be a body. 身体必须依赖于心才能成为身体 Mind and body inter-are and they manifest at the same time. 身心相互依存，同时呈现 You cannot say that the body is first and the mind is later. 你不能说身先心后 There is a process of mutual manifestation. 这是互相呈现的过程 If you go deeper, you see that mind is a kind of body, 如果继续深入，心是某种形式的身 and body is a kind of mind 身是某种形式的心 Your body is, first of all, an object of your mind. 身体，首先就是心的对境 Not only your body, but everything else like a flower or a tree or a mountain 不仅身体，其他万事万物，例如花、树、山 you may think that they are objects or things existing outside of your mind. 你可能会觉得它们独立存在于你心外 But the only thing that you can be sure of, 但是你能确定的唯一事情 the mountain, the flower, the tree are objects of your mind. 山、花、树都是心的对境 And you cannot demonstrate that these things exist outside of your mind. 你不能说这些事物独立于你的心而存在 And you still behave as if they exist outside of your mind. 虽然从日常行为而言，它们好像在你的心外 But in this teaching, 但是在佛教里 your body, your environment, everything is an object of your mind. 你的身体、环境、万事万物都是心的对境 That is why, in the teaching of Buddha, there are four realms of meditation. 所以，佛教里，有四个安顿心念的处所 You meditate on your body, you meditate on your feelings, 身念处、受念处 you meditate on your perceptions, you meditate on the objects of your perception, 心念处、法念处 which is the object of your mind. 法念处也就是心的对境 Mind is an object of meditation and object of mind is an object of meditation 心是念处，心的对境也是念处 instead of saying mind and reality are outside of the mind. 不说心和独立于心的实在 And in Buddhism, we always say mind and objects of mind. 在佛教里，我们通常说心和心的对境 Mind and objects of mind inter-are. 心和心的对境互相依存 Without mind, there is no objects of mind. 没有心，就没有心的对境 Without objects of mind, there is no mind. 没有心的对境，也就没有心 And if you look deeply,you see that notion of mind and matter should be removed. 如果你深入观照，你就发现意识和物质的概念应该被移除 Our distinction between mind and matter is an obstacle. 我们对于意识和物质的区分形成一种障碍 And nowadays, scientists have discovered that an elephant is very intelligent. 如今，科学家发现大象非常聪明 There is mind in it. And somehow, it has mind. 它有意识，具有某种意识 So when we look at the planet Earth, if we see that it is a block of matter, 当我们看地球的时候，如果认为它是一堆物质 we are wrong. 这样就错了 We have to begin to see the Earth as a living organism. 我们必须要把地球当成活生生的有机体 And to describe the Earth as the mind only is wrong. 如果觉得地球仅仅是意识也是错的 To describe Mother Earth as the matter only is wrong. 觉得地球仅仅是物质也是错的 We have to transcend both notions. 我们要超越这两种观念 And the same thing applies to us. 对于我们自己的看法，同样也是如此 In Buddhism, we say Nama-rupa, body and mind. 在佛教里，我们说名色，就是指身心二者 But Nama-rupa lean on each other to manifest. 但是名色是相互依存的 And yesterday, we learned about action. 昨天，我们学习了“行” Our action continues always and our action is a kind of energy, produced by us. 我们的“行”不断持续，是我们创造的一种能量 And energy can manifest itself into mind-body again and again. 能量可以在身心之中不断地展现出来 And it is possible if we live in mindfulness, 如果我们能带着正念生活 we can assure a more beautiful continuation in the future 我们可以确保向将来有一个更美好的延续 as Nama-rupa, mind-body. 以名色或者身心的形式 Mind-body are not tools. 身和心并不是工具 Subtitles by the Amara.org community 字幕译制：英语佛教 Wechat ID: BuddhisminEnglish |
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