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很多亲爱的们反映法律类的题材有点难度，最近几年偏偏倾向考这种题材，所以大家还是要硬啃啊，真在考试时遇到可能就不会觉得那么恶心了！ 本文选自【大西洋月刊】：美国：如何才能获得特赦。 背景知识 在美国的宪法中，总统特赦权是一个神奇的存在。作为美国总统的一项重要的专有权限，不受任何机构的干涉和限制。赦免权适用于在美国一切法院的判决中被宣告有罪的人。总统的这项权力，是宪法赐予其用来平衡司法的矫枉过正。而在奥巴马执政的8年间，已签署了774份特赦令。迄今为止奥巴马已经签署了774条特赦令，而上周四一次性签署了多达102条。重获自由的人中，大部分犯下的都是轻微且非暴力性质的贩毒罪。在20世纪八九十年代对抗毒品的战斗中，他们中的很多人被判处长期监禁，而且其中常常夹杂着种族歧视。现在这些强制性最低判刑年限准则已经被废止。但如何才能获得这份特赦令，其中又有哪些不为人知的心酸与艰难，让我们跟着曾经因贩毒入狱的Jason去看看在美国，如何才能申请到特赦令。 1 Hernandez fashioned an argument for clemency focused on having been a nonviolent offender whose crime did not involve gangs, guns, or links to cartels. 2 “Even though I had sold a fair amount of drugs, the only reason my sentence was so severe was because I sold crack cocaine as opposed to powder cocaine,” he said. 3 Offenders in the 1980s and 90s received lighter sentences if the drug involved was powder cocaine and not crack cocaine. 4 In practice, that meant more severe sentences to people of color who used crack and much lighter sentences to white cocaine users. 5 “The guidelines that I was sentenced under were ruled unconstitutional in 2005. 6 The judge at my sentencing didn’t want to give me life without parole, but he had to,” Hernandez said. 7 In his application, he wanted to show that “I made a bad decision as a kid, but I didn’t deserve to die in prison for it.” ［词汇］ fashion /'f??(?)n/ v. 制作，使用（在考研英语translation中也多次考查过这个词的动词意思，所以背下来） clemency /'klem?ns?/ n. 仁慈，赦免 nonviolent /?n?n'va??l?nt/ adj. 非暴力的 cartel /kɑ?'tel/ n. 联合，集团 crack /kr?k/ n. 裂缝，碎裂 unconstitutional /??nk?nst?'tju??(?)n(?)l/ adj. 违宪的 ［知识点］ 1、focus on=center on=concentrate on 集中，聚焦 2、a fair amount of 大量，许多 3、in practice 实际上 4、make a decision 做决定 ［逐句精讲］ 1 Hernandez fashioned an argument for clemency focused on having been a nonviolent offender whose crime did not involve gangs, guns, or links to cartels. 分析 本句主干是Hernandez fashioned an argument。focused on having been a nonviolent offender修饰clemency，whose引导的从句修饰offender。 翻译 Hernandez收集了过去那些非暴力且不涉及黑社会、枪支或者团体犯罪却获得特赦的罪犯的资料。 2 “Even though I had sold a fair amount of drugs, the only reason my sentence was so severe was because I sold crack cocaine as opposed to powder cocaine,” he said. 分析 本句主干是he said。引号中的内容是said的宾语从句，从句主干是the only reason was because。because I sold crack cocaine as opposed to powder cocaine引导的是was的表语从句，Even though I had sold a fair amount of drugs引导的是让步状语从句。 翻译 他说“即便我贩卖了大量毒品，但是我的刑期如此之长的唯一原因就是我卖的是可卡因而不是可卡因粉末。” 3 Offenders in the 1980s and 90s received lighter sentences if the drug involved was powder cocaine and not crack cocaine. 分析 本句主干是Offenders received lighter sentences。if引导的条件状语从句中的主干是the drug was powder cocaine and not crack cocaine。 翻译 在上世纪八九十年代，如果你贩卖的是可卡因粉末而不是固体状的可卡因，那么你的刑罚要轻得多。 4 In practice, that meant more severe sentences to people of color who used crack and much lighter sentences to white cocaine users. 分析 本句主干是that meant more severe sentences and much lighter sentences。 翻译 事实上，对于有色人种使用固体可卡因的判刑要比白人重得多。 5 “The guidelines that I was sentenced under were ruled unconstitutional in 2005. 分析 本句主干是The guidelines were ruled unconstitutional。that I was sentenced under修饰guidelines。 翻译 Hernandez 说“给我判刑的刑法依据在2005年时被判违宪。 6 The judge at my sentencing didn’t want to give me life without parole, but he had to,” Hernandez said. 分析 本句主干是Hernandez said，said前面内容是宾语从句，从句主干是The judge didn’t want to give me life , but he had to。 翻译 当时判决我的法官并不想让我没有假释就被释放，但是他不得不这样做。” 7 In his application, he wanted to show that “I made a bad decision as a kid, but I didn’t deserve to die in prison for it.” 分析 本句主干是he wanted to show that。引号内是宾语从句，从句主干是I made a bad decision, but I didn’t deserve to die。 翻译 在他的特赦申请中，他想证明：“我在孩童时犯了一个错误，但是我不该因此在监狱中度过一生。” 亲们觉得老师讲的好，就打赏个铜板呗！！！你们的赏赞是对我劳动成果的最大肯定~~~打赏可按住二维码进行哦。 |
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来自： 昵称28587049 > 《英语》
