冠词是一种虚词,本身不能单独使用,也没有词义,它用在名词的前面(相当于名词的帽子),帮助指明名词的含义。共3类:定冠词(the definite article),不定冠词(the indefinite article)、零冠词(zero article)。a 、an与数词one 同源,是'一个'的意思。a用于辅音音素前,而an则用于元音音素前。表示某一类人或某事物中的任何一个,经常用在第一次提到某人或某物时,用不定冠词起介绍作用,表示一个。I gave him a book yesterday .我昨天给了他一本书I am reading an interesting story . 我在读一则有趣的故事。表示人或事物的某一种类, 强调整体, 即以其中的一个代表一类。A horse is useful to mankind. 马对人类有用。不定冠词用在事物的'单位'前,如时间, 速度, 价格等意义的名词之前,表示 '每一'。We often go to school two times a day. 我们常常一天两次去学校。不定冠词用来指某人某物,但不具体说明任何人或任何物。A boy came to see you a moment ago. 刚才有一个小孩来找你。I want to read the story a second time 我想再读一遍这篇小说 。A mr. smith is calling on the phone. 有一位史密斯先生来电话找你 。在特定的短语里表示特定的含义,与不可数名词连用,如:-Mom, what shall we have for lunch?-Oh, what a wonderful lunch! I enjoy it very much.Lesson nine is a most difficult lesson, but it isn't the most difficult one.a little / a few / a lot / a type of / a pile / a great many / many a / as a rule / in a hurry / in a minute / in a word / in a short while / after a while / have a cold / have a try / keep an eye on / all of a sudden定冠词the与指示代词this,that,these,those同源,有'那(这)个' '这(那)些'的意思,但较弱,可以和一个名词连用,来表示某个或某些特定的人或东西。以下为必须加定冠词的情形:He bought a house. i've been to the house.他买了幢房子。我去过那幢房子。the sun, the sky, the moon, the earthThe fox is cunning .狐狸是狡猾的。the rich 富人; the living 生者。用在序数词和形容词最高级,及形容词only, very, same等前面:Where do you live? I live on the second floor. 你住在哪?我住在二层。That's the very thing that ineed 那正是我需要的东西。He began to learn russian in the 1950s. 他在20世纪50年代开始学俄语 。但注意:in one's 50s意为'在某人五十多岁时'。如:He looked quite healthy though he was in his 80s.①表示'越 ......,就越......'时。如: The lighter, the better. 越轻越好 。② 表示'两者中比较......'时,用定冠词。如: There are two books on the table. i like the thicker one.用在'动词+sb.+介词+the+身体部位名称'的结构中(注意:介词常用in/on/by)。如:The ball hit me on the back. 球打中了他的头 。在表示'计量单位'的可数名词前(注意:介词用by)。如:The workers are paid by the hour/day/month. 按月付给工人工资 .the great wall(长城),the people's park(人民公园)等。The people's republic of china 中华人民共和国She plays the piano. 她会弹钢琴.The little girl likes to play the violin. 小女孩喜欢拉小提琴。They are going to the cinema tonight. 他们今晚要去影院看电影。如:in the west on the westin the day, in the morning (afternoon,evening), the day after tomorrow ,the day before yesterday, the next morning, in the sky (water,field,country) in the dark, in the rain, in the distance, in the middle (of), in the end, on the whole, by the way, go to the theatreWater is very important . 水是非常重要的 。Failure is the mother of success. 失败乃成功之母。Doctors cure patients. 医生治病救人 .Those people are teachers, not students. 这些人是老师,不是学生 .Do you like to play chess? 你喜欢下棋吗 ?Shall we walk or go by bus? 我们乘车还是步行 ?在年份、季节、月份、节日、 假日、日期、星期等表示时间的名词之前,不加冠词;We go to school from monday to friday. 我们从星期一到星期五都上课。The guards took the american to general lee.Have breakfast,play chessIn hospital住院,in the hospital在医院里In front of在......(外)前面,in the front of 在......(内)前部Go to hospital 去医院看病 go to the hospital 去医院 (并不是去看病,而是有其他目的)泛指用a/ an,单数可数;特指用the,不特不the。 释:1)泛指用a/ an,单数可数——泛指的单数可数名词前要用a/ an。 2)特指用the——如果是特指,那么无论是可数名词单数、复数或不可数名词前均要用the。 3)不特不the——不特指则不用the,包括泛指的可数名词单数前用a/ an,泛指的可数名词复数前不用冠词,泛指的不可数名词前也不用冠词。定冠词:特指双熟悉,上文已提及,世上独一无二,序数最高级,某些专有名,习语及乐器。(1)the用在“特指”谈话双方都知道的某个人或某些人或物前。如: There is the teacher?老师在哪里? I can see a cat. the cat is lucy”s. 我能看见一只猫,那只猫是露茜的。 The earth goes around the sun.地球围绕着太阳转。 Mike is the tallest of the three boys. 迈克是三个男孩中最高的一个。 the great wall(长城) the people”s park(人民公园 )等。 in the day(在白天) play the piano(弹钢琴)等。不用冠词:代词限定名词前,专有名词不可数,复数名词表泛指,学科球类三餐饭,季节星期月份前,颜色语种和国名,称呼习语及头衔。(1)名词前已有作定语用的this, that, these, those, my, your, his, her, our, their, some等限定词时,不用冠词。 如:this eraser, her pencil-box, some boxes, those women等。 如:meat, rice, water, bread, tea, milk, juice等。 如:The people in the room are doctors. 房间里的那些人是医生。 如:chinese, english, maths, physics, history等。在三餐饭和球类运动名词前一般不加冠词。如:have breakfast/ lunch/ supper, play basketball/ football等。 如:autumn, summer, winter, spring, sunday, february等。 如:white, brown, french, australia等。(7)在表示称呼语的名词之前,以及职务、头衔的名词前不用冠词。 如:Doctor green is a scientist. 格林博士是位科学家。有水无湖、有球无星、有山无峰、有独无偶(二)、有(足)族无球(运动)、有文无章、学而不专:1)有水无湖:海、洋、海湾、河等,都用the;单个湖不用the,(但多个湖用the); the red sea,the pacific ocean,the persian gulf, the yangtze river the great lakes(五大湖);lake erie(伊利湖)2)有球无星:地球,月亮用the;行星不用the: mars,venus;3)有山无峰:the huangshan mountains(黄山); mount(or mt.) tai(泰山).4)有独无欧(偶):独一无二的,the earth,the moon,the sun用the;欧洲等七大洲不用the. europe,africa,asia,north america,south america,antarctica,oceania5)有(足)族无球(运动):种族用the:the indians(印第安人);球类运动baseball,basketball6)有文无章:历史性的文件用the;小说等的章节不用the.r如: the constitution(宪法) ;chapter one7)学而不专:学校放在词组的前面时用the;专有名词放在词组的前面时不用the; the university of FuDan; FuDan university
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