【王补平资料】英语初二上册重点知识点讲解（下）（Module 7—12）

雁南飞香 2016-12-18

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【王补平资料】英语初二上册重点知识点讲解（下）（Module 7—12）

2016-12-18 王补平

王补平

微信号 weixinwbp2014

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M7 A famous story

1. a girl called Alice.

此处called为过去分词，修饰girl，放在名词之后。相当于named.

2.fall down 跌倒，掉下 fall behind 跟不上，落在……后面 fall into 落入……中

fall off 从……上掉下来 fall back 退回fall asleep 入睡 fall ill 生病

Eg：She fell down and hurt her leg yesterday.

Leaves fall off the trees in fall.

They felt tired and fell asleep quickly.

3. It was sitting in a tree and smiling at everyone.

l in a tree (外来物或人)在树上

on a tree (树上本身有的东西：apple等)在树上

Eg：There is a bird in the tree.

There are a lot of apples on the tree.

l smile at sb 对sb微笑

Eg：Lucy is very kind and always smiles at others.

4.“到达”的表达：

arrive in+大地点 get to +地点 reach +地点

at+小地点 (get home\there\here)

5. have a tea party 举办茶会

6. To see if you remember the story.

l To see 为不定式，在此处作目的状语，表示“为了看看”

l If引导的是一个宾语从句，表示“是否”，不充当任何成分，与whether可以互换

7. have nothing to do 没什么事可做 nothing\something to eat\drink

nothing 作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数

8. once or twice=from time to time 偶尔

Eg：Once or twice he goes to school on foot.

once 一次 twice 两次三次及以上：数词+times three times six times

9. what……for?=why……? 为什么? ；……有什么用?

Eg：(1) ---What are you sitting on the eggs for? ---I’m sitting on them to hatch the chicks.

(2) ---Why are you late again? ---Because there is an accident on the road.

10. nothing strange 没什么奇怪的事

形容词strange作后置定语，修饰不定代词nothing。在英语中，当形容修饰不定代词something\anything\nothing\everything等时，形容词必须放在不定代词后面，作后置定语。

Eg：I have something important to do. There is something strange appeared in the sky.

11. hear sb do sth 听到sb 做sth(此处是省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，类似的有make\let\have\help sb do sth 等)

hear sb doing sth 听到sb 正在做sth

Eg：I heard her play the piano in the next room just now. I hear someone singing in the room.

12.take sth out of sp 把sth从sp掏出 rush\jump out of sp 从sp冲\跳出去

13. across 表示动作是在物体的表面进行，如过河，过桥，过马路。

through 表示动作是在物体的内部空间进行，如穿过森林、门、隧道，光线射入等

Eg：Be careful to look both ways before you go across the road. The driver must slow down when they drive through the tunnel.

14. too……to…… 太……而不能…… Eg：He is too young to carry the heavy bag.

拓展：(1) too……to……可以和so……that……互换

Eg：She is too young to go to school. =She is so young that she can’t go to school.

(2) too……to……可以和not……enough to……互换(not后的形容词与too后的形容词是相反的)

Eg：She is too young to go to school. =She is not old enough to go to school.

15. land on 落到……上；着陆 Eg：The plane will land on the island in five minutes.

16. 宾语从句：

(1) 定义：在主从复合句中，充当宾语成分的从句就叫做宾语从句。

(2) 位置：常在及物动词或介词之后。

(3) 引导词：

l that 无意义，不充当任何成分，常可以省略；

l if\whether表示“是否”，不充当任何成分，两者可以互换，但有or not时只能用whether；

l who\what\where\when\why等表示“谁”、“什么”、“哪里”、“何时”、“为什么”，分别可以充当主语、宾语、地点状语、时间状语和原因状语，不可以省略。

(4) 语序：陈述句语序，即 “主语+谓语”

(5) 时态：

l 当主句为现在或将来时态时，宾语从句可以使用任何时态；

l 当主句为过去时态时，宾语从句可以使用过去的某种时态(一般过去时，过去进行时等)；

l 当主句为过去时态时，宾语从句表示一种客观真理、事实时，用一般现在时。

Eg：I know (that) you met him yesterday.

He asked if I would come.

I don’t understand what you say.

He said there were no classes yesterday afternoon.

The teacher said that light travels faster than sound.

M8 Accidents

1. on the phone 通过电话通话(on 表示“通过”)
2. look pale 看起来很苍白

此处look作为半系动词，后跟adj. 常见的半系动词有taste\smell\sound\feel.
Eg：The music sounds good. The food tastes delicious. The sofa feels comfortable.
3. listen 听(强调听的过程，后接宾语时需加to,即 listen to……)
hear 听到(强调听到的结果，后接do或doing)

Eg：We should listen to the teachers carefully. I hear someone singing in the next room. (我听到有人正在隔壁房间唱歌)
I hear someone sing in the next room. (我听到有人在隔壁房间唱歌)

4.appear(v.) 出现 → appearance(n.) disappear(v.) 消失 Eg：He suddenly disappeared in front of us.

5. hit 撞击；打 Eg：The bus hits the bridge. He hits me on the head. 此外，hit 还可以作名词，表示“轰动一时的成功”
Eg：His song made a hit.

6. be glad to do sth 很高兴去做sth   Eg：I am glad to see you again.
7.   in time   及时          on time 准时，按时   Eg：I hope you can come back in time.       Please hand in your homework on time.
8. fall off=fall down from 从…摔下来你    fall asleep 入睡   fall into 掉入 fall in love with sb 爱上某人   fall behind 落在…后面

9. the risk of ……的风险 side by side 肩并肩 pay attention to 注意……(to 是一个介词，后接名词或doing
Eg：We should pay more attention to developing economy.

10. sometimes 有时 some times 几次；几倍 sometime (将来或过去)某个时候 some time 一段时间
Eg：He sometimes sends me an e-mail. Remember it some times, or you will forget it.

Let’s have a party sometime next week.        I will stay with you for some time.
11. try to do sth 试图去做某事   try one’s best to do sth 尽某人全力去做某事   have a try 试一试
   Eg：The little boy tries to go across the road by himself.       We should try our best to save the animals in danger.    Do you have a try? 12. pick up 捡起，拾起(代词只能放中间，名词放在中间或后面均可) pick sb up   (开车)接某人     pick sth up 学会某事

Eg：After school, his father drives his car to pick him up everyday.     Mike picked up a few words of Chinese last summer.
13. call sb     call up=ring up 打电话给sb      call on 拜访sb   Eg：Call me up tomorrow.       I called on my grandparents yesterday.
14. take photos   照相
15. hide—hid—hidden 隐藏            hide up 包庇(坏人)   hide sth from sb 瞒着某人某事       hide out 躲藏
Eg：---Why did the policeman catch the man just now?    ---He hid up the murderer.    She hid her brother’s death from her parents.
16. throw—threw—thrown 扔；抛      throw away 抛弃   throw about 到处乱扔              throw at 向……扔去
   Eg：Don’t throw about the waste paper.        The naughty boy throws at the dog a stone.
17. As he was lying there in great pain,Henry suddenly remember the photo.

lie 此处为不及物动词，意为“躺”。其过去式、过去分词分别为lay，lain；现在分词为lying。 He was lying on the bed.
lie 的其他用法：①不及物动词，意为“说谎”。过去式、过去分词均为lied；现在分词为lying。lie to sb 向sb撒谎

Eg：Don’t lie to me.
②不及物动词，意为“位于”。此时其过去式、过去分词分别为lay，lain；现在分词为lying。
Shandong lies in the east of China. 山东位于中国东部。
18. hurry up hurry to do sth in a hurry
19. as 当……时=when\while as……as 与……一样 not as\so……as 与……不一样

as……as possible尽可能=as……as sb can\could as soon as 一……就
Eg：He is as tall as me.
We should study as hard as possible. I will call you as soon as I get home.

20.   send sth to sb=send sb sth            show sth to stb=show sb sth
21. use A to do B   用A去做B → A be used to do B    A被用来做B
   get\be used to doing 习惯于做sth       used to do sth 过去常常做sth
Eg：We can use the bamboo to make a basket.    He is\gets used to getting up early.    He used to get up early.
22. on one’s way to 在sb去……路上       get in the way   妨碍in this way 用这种方法

by the way 顺便问下   in a way 在某种程度    take off (飞机)起飞；脱下(衣服)
make a decision to do sth=decide to do sth 决定做某事
语法全解：
when和while 都表示主从句的动作或状态同时发生，但二者意义不尽相同。
1.  when引导的从句可表示时间点，也可表示时间段，从句的位于动词既可以是延续性动词，也可以是非延续性动词；while引导的从句通常表示时间段，从句中宜用延续性动词作谓语。
They arrived while we were watching TV.
2.  含有when引导的时间状语的主从复合句，如果主句用过去进行时，从句应该用一般过去式，表示一个动作正在进行的时候另一个动作发生，强调后一动作发生的突然性。
We were watching TV when suddenly the lights went off.
3.  当主从句的动作都是延续的或同时发生，主从句都用过去进行时的时候，从句多用while引导。
They were reading while we were writing .
4.         如果表示从句的动作在主句的动作“之前”或“之后”发生时，多用when，不用while。
此外，when还含有“at the moment “的意思，此时引导的句子不能放在句首，也不能用while来替换
主谓一致判断法
主谓一致是指在一个英语句子中，主语和谓语在人称和数上要保持一致，这种一致性体现在联系动词be和助动词do, have的人称和数上，以及实义动词的第三人称单数上
1.     不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式
2.     动名词或动词不定式作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式
3.     Either…or… : neither…nor…: not only…but also…: 连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词与邻近的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。
4.     在here : there 开头的倒装句中，谓语动词与后面的珠玉在数上保持一致。
                                  M9 Population
1. The population of China is about 1.37billion.
Thepopulation of sp is……. 表示sp有多少人。
此外用sp has a population of……也可以表示sp有多少人。
形容人口（population）的多少用big/ large 或 small 当population 作主语时，谓语动词用单数
●询问某地有多少人口有两种表达方法：
1．What’s the population of …
2. How large is the population of …
注意：询问某地有多少人口时不用how many 和 how much
hundred\thousand\million\billion等前有数字，用单数形式   three hundred

hundred\thousand\million\billion等后有of，用复数形式 thousands of
2. noise (n.) 噪音     noisy(adj.) 吵闹的     make noise 发出噪音   voice   指嗓音(人说话或唱歌) sound 指一切声音
3. prepare 准备    prepare for 为……做准备    prepare to do sth 准备去做某事.
Eg：They are preparing for the New Year.       We prepare to go fishing next weekend.
4. report 报告；报道       make a report 做报告    reporter 记者，通讯员 notes 名词复数形式 “笔记随笔” make notes 记笔记
5. such as \for example 例如，比如too much+不可数名词    much too+adj.    太……too many+可数名词
   Eg： I like fruit, such as apples, bananas.        I have too much homework to do today.
        That dress is much too long for me.        There are too many people in the shop on Sunday.
6. increase   by+倍数\百分数          增加了……           to+具体增长后的数字     增加到……
   Eg：The number of teachers increased by twice.       The population of the town increased to 50000.

7. be born in+年份\地点      I was born in 1985.   of+家庭           He was born of a rich family.
8. one fifth 五分之一分数的表达：分子在前，用基数词；分母在后，用序数词。当分子大于1时，分母需要用复数如：two thirds
9. hang on a minute. 稍等
10.   quiet (adj.) 安静的；宁静的     quietly(adv.) 安静地 quite ( adv.)相当，十分
   Eg：Please keep quiet, my father is sleeping now.       She is quite beautiful in that red coat.
11. close to=next to   靠近，挨着   Eg：His house is close to a supermarket.
12. move to 移到   Eg：More and more people move to the big cities these years.
13. It be +adj. to do sth    one of + 可数名词复数    ……之一(谓语动词用单数)
14. local 当地的       close down   关闭

Eg：The local government should do something to solve the water pollution.       This shop closed down last year.
15. It takes sb st to do sth      sb spend(s) st\sm on sth   (in) doing sth      sth cost(s) sb sm      sb pay sth for sm
16. public services 公共服务       a public telephone   公用电话   in public 在公共场合          the public 公众
17. in fact 事实上         all over the world 全世界
18. face danger 面对危险     face to face 面对面地     make a face 做鬼脸   as a result 结果是；因此
19. die from 由于……而死(死于外因，如事故等)die of    因……而死(死于内因，如疾病等)
   Eg：He died from an accident.       A lot of people died of cancers
20. leave 离开(某地)
① leave for+目的地前往(目的地) 启程去某地 I’ll leave for Shanghai next week.
② leave 还有“忘了带，留下”之意 I left my book at home .
21. 辨析： job 与 work : job （cn）指具体的职业或零工 work（un）指人们日常生活和工作中从事的体力或脑力劳动

【Grammer】:
冠词：是限定的一种词，不能单独使用，常用于修饰名词。冠词有三种形式：不定冠词（a/an）, 定冠词（the）和零冠词（/）。
● 1.不定冠词的用法
不定冠词用来修饰可数名词单数，指人或物种的某一个或某一类，但不具体说明是何人何物。
不定冠词的常见用法有：
①表示“一个”的概念。    Population is a big problem for cities .
②表示“每一“的概念，相当于every 。       I watch TV once a week .
③首次提到的某人或某物，不定冠词起介绍作用。 A student wants to ask you some questions
④某些固定短语中，要用不定冠词。 have a good time    have a look    have a rest
●2.定冠词的用法
①指前文中提到过的人或物。 I have a dog . The dog is black . ②特指某人或某物。 The girl with long hair is my younger sister .
③指说话双方都知道的人或物 I had to write the same report last term . ④用于专有名词前。 the Great Wall    the Pacific Ocean
⑤用于世界上独一无二的事物前。 the sun    the moon ⑥用于姓氏复数形式之前，表示“一家人”或“夫妇二人”。 the Smiths
⑦用于形容词最高级前。 the biggest city ⑧用于序数词前。the first boy
⑨用于西洋乐器名词前。 play the piano ⑩某些形容词前加定冠词 the ，表示一类人或物。the young   the old
⑾用于某些固定短语中 : in the morning      the day after tomorrow
●3.零冠词的用法
①在球类活动，学科名词前以及节日，月份，星期前不用冠词。 Tom can play volleyball .
②名词前已有指示代词，物主代词，不定代词或数词等作定语时名词前不用冠词There are many books in her schoolbag.
③在某些固定短语或习惯用语中不用冠词 by bus        have breakfast          at home          at night
『注意』:在某些短语中，名词前用冠词和不用冠词的意义有所不同。

in hospital in the hospital at table at the table in class in the class

数字 : 分为基数词和序数词。本模块中，我们重点学习数字的读法。在英语中，每三位数字为一个单位，按照百，十，个位向下读。而进位的读法则为thousand, million , billion向上递增。
数次的常见用法：
①分数表达法:在英语中，分子用基数词，分母用序数词。当分子是1时，分母用原形；当分子大于1时，分母用复数形式。
1/3 ： one thirds 2/3 : two thirds
②百分数的表达: 百分数用percent 表示，符号为% 如： 5% 读作 five present .