|
高考语法填空题，基本与传统的语法没有什么关系，主要是考察该种题的几个题型， 因而几分钟搞定是完全可能的. 要做好语法填空，需要些从句知识，非谓语部分的要求强度很低。 第一部分： 语法填空的操作流程 1.先看清是什么空（3种） a.短语前的空; b.句子前的空; c.打括号的空 * 区分短语与句子的区别是，看有无动词。 2.短语前的空 解：不是填冠词就是填介词（或形容词性属格代词 * 简单记忆公式： on the (或his) desk * 虽然就名词具体情况还可以细分，但无必要，且短语不仅是名词短语 * 介词可适当找一下前面的动词，看看搭配 3.句子前的空 解：前面一定是填关联词 a. 关系代词 who/whom; that1/which; what; whose; b. 关系副词 when, where, why, how, that2 c. 连词 though, but, if, and, … * 注意这里的that1, that2这种分类法 * that2主要用于引导名词性从句，so that句型，强调句型 * ～ever之类的词，参照a, b的用法处理 4.打括号的空， 解：分正确词形、谓语动词、非谓语动词三种情况 [a] 如何判断是动词还是非谓语动词？ 找连接词就行, 简单公式： A did X，B ______ ( do) Y; A did X，and B ______ ( do) Y A did X，B ______ ( do) Y and C did Z （A, B and C结构） *上面的and代表各中连接词，位置也可在前句等等 * 上面的答案模板是doing(也有可能是to do)； did； did [b] 判断出是动词后怎么处理？ 横竖两下 a. 横的是时间段 b. 竖的是时态 * 注意普通行为动词的一般现在时不要表一次性的动作 [c] 判断出是非谓语动词后怎么处理 可参考下面的办法选择： V-ed后没宾语（但注意双宾语动词，v-ed后会有一个直接宾语） V-ing是正在做或已经做了的事情 V-to do是没有做的事情 * 当然，要分清及物或不及物动词 * 注意所谓的“反射不定式”的情况 * 有些动词后面到底接v-ing还是v-to do, 最好记忆一下， 到考场来推理，很可能会推错的，因为有些语言现象是不讲逻辑推理的 want ____ (do) sth : want与do有分离性，用to do practice ____ (do) sth : practice与do没有分离性，用doing mind ____ (do) sth : 只用mind doing 不讲什么推理，除非英语水平很高 have sth to eat. 传说中的“反射不定式”的情况，宾语(sth)在前面。 第二部分 语法填空常见型 语法填空其它必须掌握的小技巧： 1. He ______ (work) in this city since she came here. 2. ________, he isn’t good at swimming. 3. _______ is important for him to get the tickets. 4. A is _______ famous than B. 5. A is _______ more famous than B. 6. He was about to go out (或He was doing sth ) _____ the telephone rang. 7. So hard was the work _____ it is impossible for him to finish it 8. on the/his desk； 9. on ______. 10. …only _____ (do) sth 11. ______ (friendship) and happy. 12. by 13. 动词_________. 14. A did X，B ______ ( do) Y; A did X，and B ______ ( do) Y 15. A did X，B ______ ( do) Y and C did Z 16. 短语前空，也有填组合结构用词的时候 ____ X and Y 17. there be 句型与it be句型不要搞错 18. A did X, and […..] 可能的答案： 1. has worked; （出现since, 基本与现在完成时连用，不太会考其它复杂时态） 2. However / 这种型还要注意这几个字：instead /otherwise (or) /therefore; 3. It; 本型考点很多：①for him与of him选择; ②to do部分不变； 4. more; 比较级① as…as; ② -er.. than ; ③ more…than 5. much; 比较级的修饰语 6. when; 该句型有“突然”的含义，故只用when (比如不用and)， 是固定结构，除非不表示这种含义 7. that 本型是so…that句型 9. me/ mine/myself等能做宾语的代词；不定代词等 10. only后遇到动词，一般都是only to do sth. 11. friendly. and前后对称，填形容词friendly. 12. by前面一般是v-ed, 或被动语态(be +v-ed), by后面一般是v-ing, 但也要注意介词后到底是by + 名词还是by + v-ing, 例如 a). … by ____(visit) the house. b). … by ____(visit) and workers. c). The machine ___ (invent) by Jack. 13. 及物动词后接宾语，因名词要给词，因而动词后填能做宾格代词 （I, me, my, mine, myself 三系列，这里的 I，my不可额能）；不定代词等 14. 注意连接词and的作用； 15 A, B and C 也是一种连接方式，是固定句型。A did X 部分也可能是A doing X，但在同一个句子里，不会出现同时可以用did及doing的现象。 16. 填both, 另外的还有像neither … nor, either …. or 等 17. 一般there be后是名词/代词；it be后多半是形容词，也会有名词的情况 18. 这是个多重复合句的基本模板，[…] 里面可以是单句、短语+句子、句子连句子、句子套句子这4个形式 其它句型： It is high time that sb did sth. （固定的虚拟句） It is the first time that sb have done sth. Sb had hardly done sth before / when sb did sth. (一…就) Sb had no sooner done sth than sb did sth (一…就) 以上两句型不能用于指将来的事 It is /has been + 时间 since sb did sth. （since的特定句型） It will/won’t be + 时间 before sb do sth. （before） It was + 时间 before sb did sth. （before） If sb do sth, sb will do sth. (主将从现) Do sth, and/ or sb will do sth. (祈使句) It is/was not until ….that…(强调句型) By +过去时间, sb had done sth / By +将来时间， sb will have done sth find sb. doing ; see sb doing/do / make sb/sth后接adj.(+to do)也常考
非常有用的语填经验： 1. 复数名词、不可数名词前面可能有也可能没有冠词；（books/the books; water/ the water） 2. 可数名词前也可能没冠词，这时它被抽象化了(go to school; in person) * 但1、2仍然是“不是填冠词就是填介词”这个范围 * 名词前如果填形容词，一般会给词，但要注意few, other, another之类的小词 3. 句子前的空，注意有被省略了that后，填主格代词的情况(he thought ___ would lose nothing). （he, 不是填关系代词的that） 4. 句子前的空，注意主语要保持完整，即主语前有时要填冠词/his类及whose的情况 (he said ____ development of the city was fast. 填the而不是填that) * 3、4属于“句子前的空”的特殊情况，属于堵漏范围 5. 以动词为中心，一个动词就是一个句子。以此拆开复杂句。 6. 关系词开始的地方，就是从句开始的地方，从句必须结束在第二个动词之前的某处 7. A did X，B ______ ( do) Y; A did X，and B ______ ( do) Y 可完全判断出动词还是非谓语 8. 牢记口诀：非谓语前别装逼(be) 9. 凡是修饰语，在句子分析时，都可以抠掉先放一边 例题一 Several men hit the Sao Paulo Museum of Art just before dawn on December 20th , 2007，and __1__ shocked the authorities as it took the thieves just three minutes to steal paintings __2__ two world-famous artists, Pablo Picasso __3__ Candido Poninari，__4__ are worth millions of dollars. Images from the secret camera show that two men began their action at 5∶09 a. m. ，__5__ the guards in the museum were going through their shift change(换岗). They broke through two glass doors，__6__(run) to the museum’s top floor and grabbed the two paintings from different rooms，somehow __7__(avoid) nearby guards. The alarm never rang，and by 5∶12 a. m. ，they were making their escape. After __8__，the police were interviewing the 30 museum employees. “Everything indicates thieves were sent to do it by some wealthy art lover for __9__ own collection. He was not rich enough to buy the paintings，__10__ he was wealthy，” said the lead police officer，Marcos Gomes de Moura. 1. 因有了连接词and，故只填一般主语； 这里填it, 如果没有and, 就填which 2. 短语前的空，这里显然要填介词。按句子含义填by 3. 是两个名字的并列，填and 4. 句子前的空，一定填关系词。这里少了主语，填which 5. 句子前的空，填when 6. 是A，B and C 的结构，填ran 7. 这里“避开”是已发生了的事，必须要填avoiding. (注意A, B and C是一句) 8. after that是固定词组 9. 短语前的空，不是填介词就是冠词类，这里前面已经有for, 故应该填属格类代词（与冠词均属限定词）前面的some= a certain, lover也是单数，因而填his (后文有he) 10. 句子前的空，填连接词，按句意填though. 例题二 Let children learn to judge their own work. A child learning to talk does not，at the same time, learn (1)________ being corrected all the time; (2)________ corrected too much, he will stop talking. He notices a thousand times a day the difference (3)________ his language and other’s language. Bit by bit, he makes the right changes (4)________(make) his language like other people’s. In the same way, children learn to do all the other things. They learn to talk, run, climb, ride a bicycle by comparing their own behaviors (5)________ those of more skilled people, and slowly make the needed changes. But in school teachers never give a child a chance to find out his mistakes for (6)________(he), even (7)________ chances for him to correct himself. They do it all for him. Teachers act as if the student would never notice a mistake if they did not point out (8)________ to him. They act as if the student would never correct it (9)________ he was made to. Soon he becomes (10)________ (depend) on the teacher. Let the student do it himself. Let him work out, with the help of other children if he wants it, what this word means and what the answer is to that problem. 1. 短语前的空，这里只能填介词。在此提示下，容易想到by 2. 这里考察省略句。“连接词主语+ 系动词+ 其它成分” 这种结构，“主语与系动词”可以一起省略。补全是 “If (he is)” 3. 短语前的空，这里肯定填介词，根据difference及句意， 填between 4. 这里可判断是非谓语。因有宾语，故答案是to make 与making之间. he makes the right changes与 (make) his language like other people’s. 之间，明显有先后关系，（即表示目的），故选to make. 把To make 这部分前置可能更容易理解些。 5. 短语前的空，填介词，看到前文有comparing, 故填with 6. him 7. even提示填比较级，fewer可以 8. 动词词组后应该接宾语，填it 9. 句子前的空，有except that的感觉，但只能填一个词，填unless 10. become后填个形容词，故用dependent |
|
|
