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七年级下册精讲精练

 南山松林 2012-12-26

九年级英语中考第一轮复习资料

——七年级下册Unit1-4精讲精练

I. 词组归纳

1.  在邮局和电子游戏中心之间 ________________2.  在公用电话对面 _________________

3.  带我的狗去散步 _________________         4.  打的去…… _________________

5.  玩得高兴 _________________               6.  在附近 _________________

7.  直走 _________________                   8.  向左转 _________________

9.  在图书馆的右边 _________________         10. 欢迎来到花园小区!_________________

11. 一幢有一个美丽花园的房子 ________________12. ……的开始 __________________

13. 一个消遣的好地方 _________________       14. 去我家的路 __________________

15. 有点儿,稍微 ___________________         16. 在晚上 ___________________

17. 吃草和树叶 __________________            18. 想要,愿意 __________________

19. 与某人交谈___________________            20. 冰茶 ___________________

21. 也,还,而且 ___________________         22. 参加校园剧的演出___________________

23. 点一份比萨 ___________________           24. 有一份护士的工作给你____________________

25. 售货员 _________________                 26. 512岁的儿童_________________

27. 银行职员 _________________               28. 警察局 _________________

29. 出去,外出 _________________             30. 想成为 _________________

31. ……一起工作 __________________        32. 把某物给某人 __________________

33. 从某人处得到某物 __________________      34. 穿一套白色的制服 __________________

II. 句型归纳

1.  _______ _______ a supermarket?  No, there isn’t.

2.  _______ the park?  It’s _______ Center Street.

3.  _______ the hotel?  It’s next _______ the bank.

4.  _______ _______ he like koala bears? Because they’re _______ of cute.

5.  _______ _______ ________ pizza would you like?I’d like a pepperoni pizza, please.

6.  _______ _____ pizza would she like?  _____ like a medium pizza.

7.  _______ would they like _______ their pizza?They’d like mushrooms, onions and olives.

8.  _______ _______ he do?  He’s a reporter.

9.  _______ _______ he?   He’s a doctor.

10. _______ _______ she want to _______?   A sales assistant.

III. 考点归纳

1. 关于问路及回答的常用语

1) Excuse me, is there a ...?

Excuse me, where is the ...?

Excuse me, which is the way to the ...?

Excuse me, can you tell me the way to the ...?

Excuse me, can you tell me how to get to the ...?

Excuse me, how can I get to the ...?

2) Go/Walk straight (along the street).

Go/Walk along/up/down the street.

Go/Walk along/up/down the street to the end.

Go/Walk along/up/down the street about ten minutes.

  Turn (to the) left/right.

Turn left/right at the traffic lights.

Turn left/right at the second turning. (= Take the second turning on the left/right.)

2. There’s a bank on the Central Street. 在中心路有一个银行。

在路上: in/on the street

【高分突破】:

以上两个短语可互换,当出现具体的门牌号时介词用at,例如:

at Central Street No. 17 在中心路17

3. Turn left off the busy First Avenue and enjoy the city’s quiet streets and small parks.

向左转出第一大道,你可以欣赏到城市里宁静的街道和小公园。

enjoy v. 喜欢,欣赏

1) enjoy sth.

Do you enjoy the dinner tonight?

2) enjoy + doing sth. 喜欢做某事

Jack enjoys playing the drum.

3) enjoy oneself  玩得高兴= have a good time have fun

They enjoyed themselves in the zoo yesterday.

They had a good time in the zoo yesterday.

They had fun in the zoo yesterday.

4. Take a walk through the park on Central Avenue.

   步行穿过中心大道的公园。

1) 散步: take a walk

       have a walk

       go for a walk

       walk

2) through 穿过(立体的)……

   across穿过(平面的)……

例如:go/walk/run/drive  through  the rain/ forest/ city

      go/walk/run/drive  across the street/ road/ bridge/ avenue

      swim across the river

【高分突破】:

Go through the street. 顺着这条街走。

Go across the street. (横穿)过马路。

5. Next to the hotel is a small house with an interesting garden.

   在宾馆旁边是一幢有一个有趣花园的小房子。

1) 形容词作定语修饰名词放在名词的前面,例如:

 a new teacher

  a fantastic movie

  an exciting soccer ball game

2) 形容词修饰不定代词放在不定代词的后面, 例如:

  something dangerous

  anything different

3) 介词短语、分词作定语放在所修饰词的后面,例如:

  a T-shirt like this

  a student in No.14 Middle School

  the boy with short curly hair

  the girl in red sweater

  the man wearing a pair of new shoes

  the kite made by Lucy

【高分突破】:

对介词短语、分词定语提问时疑问代词常用which

  The man in the car is my father.

  Which man is your father?

6. This is the beginning of the garden tour.

   这是花园旅行的开始。

1) at the beginning of :...开始的时候,例如:

  at the beginning of this week/ month

At the beginning of a math class she usually asks a question.

Tom sings a song at the beginning of the music festival.

   反义词组:at the end of :...结束的时候

 at the end of this year/ February/ Unit Two

2) in the beginning 在开始的时候,例如:

   He couldn’t speak Chinese at all in the beginning.

   反义词组:  in the end 最后

3) beginner 初学者

7. Let me tell you the way to my house.

   让我告诉你去我家的路。

1) the way to ……        ……去的路

  the answer to ……     ……的答案

  the key to ……        ……的答案,……的钥匙

  the guide to ……      ……的指南

  the direction to ……  ……去的路、方向

2) on the way to ……    在去……的路上

  on one’s way to …… 在某人去……的路上

  in one’s way to …… 挡在某人去……的路上

【高分突破】:

在这几个短语中如果后接home, here, there这几个副词,须将to去掉。

例如:on the way home/ here/ there

8. Why do you like them? Because they’re kind of cute.

   你为什么喜欢它们? 因为它们有点可爱。

1) 英语表达中不能连用的词:

becauseso,例如:

  Because I like the toys, I will buy a lot.      (√)

  Because I like the toys, so I will buy a lot.    (×)

though/althoughbut,例如:

Though/Although I like the toys, I will buy a lot.     (√)

  Though/Although I like the toys, but I will buy a lot. (×)

2) 有点,稍微:kind of

             = a little            

             = a little bit        adj.

             = a bit

【高分突破】:

1) kind of 在某些短语中表示种类,例如:

   all kinds of 各种各样的

   different kinds of 各种各样的,不同种类的

   many kinds of 许多种的

   this/that kind of /那种的

   a kind of 一种……

2) a little + 不可数名词一点…”,前面常与only连用。

little + 不可数名词几乎没有…”,前面常very与连用。

注意两个翻译:

   There is a little sheep. 有一只小绵羊。

There is a little water. 有一点水。

3) not a bit = not at all

  not a little = very much

9. Isn’t he cute? 难道他不可爱吗?

难道它不在你的包里吗? 是的,它不在。

否定疑问句的构成:用not的简略式-n’t与句首的be, have, has, 助动词或情态动词连用,开始一个问句。

否定疑问句用来表达一种强烈的肯定或惊奇、赞扬、责备、建议等,回答是根据实际情况或事实用yesno。例如:

Isn’t it an interesting TV show?   Yes, it is. / No, it isn’t.

Can’t you do it by yourself? Yes, I can. / No, I can’t.

【高分突破】:

1)回答时应与事实一致,而不应按汉语的习惯来做答。

2)回答时注意一致性,即Yes+肯定,No+否定。以下的回答是错误的:

Aren’t they ours? Yes, they aren’t. / No, they are.

10. What other animals do you like? 你还喜欢别的什么动物?

1) other, others

other adj.

other + 可数名词的复数/不可数名词其他的……,另外的……”,不单独使用。

例如:I need other dictionaries.

others pron.

others = other + 可数名词复数

例如:I don’t like these shorts, please give me some others (=other shorts).

2) other, another

other adj.

other + 可数名词的复数/不可数名词其他的……,另外的……”(三者以上),不单独使用。

another adj.

another + 可数名词单、复数另一个(一些)……”(三者以上),可单独使用(此时为代词)。

例如:Do you want another cup of coffee?

We need another three chairs (=three more chairs)

3) the other, the others

one … the other (the other + 可数名词单数)    一个……另一个

some … the others (the other + 可数名词复数一些……另一些

11. What would you like? 你想要什么?

1) would like sth. 想要什么

  would like to do sth. 想做什么

  would like sb. to do sth. 想某人做某事

2) 同义句互换:

   What kind of food would you like?  What would you like to eat?

3) 请你……。(注意两个交际英语的区别)

   Would you like to do sth. please?

   Would you please do sth. ?

例如:请你把书放进抽屉里。

   Would you like to put these books in the drawer, please?

   Would you please put these books in the drawer?

12. What’s your address? 你的地址是哪里?

= Where do you live/work…?

【高分突破】:

address提问疑问代词用what,不能用where

Where is your e-mail address? (×)

13. We also have great salad as well as soda.

    我们还有配有苏打水的沙拉。

We also have great salad with soda.

【高分突破】:

withas well as连接主语时,谓语动词的单复数由withas well as前面的主语决定;但是and连接主语时谓语动词用复数,例如:

Tony as well as Bill goes to movies every week.

= Tony with Bill goes to movies every week.

= Tony and Bill go to movies every week.

14. 英语中对职业的提问:

What does he do?= What is he?= What’s his job?

【高分突破】:

what是对人的职业提问,而who是对人的身份提问,因此在回答时要注意区别:

Who’s that man?     He’s my uncle.

What’s your uncle?  He’s a policeman.

15. People give me their money or get their money from me.

人们给我钱或是从我这里拿走他们自己的钱。

give sth. to sb. = give sb. Sth.

类适用法的词还有:

lend, show, pass, send, bring, sell, offer, hand, teach, tell, return, throw, wish等。

【高分突破】:

sth.为代词itthem时,只能用:give it/them to sb.的结构。

16. I wear a white uniform. 我穿一套白色的制服。

wear, put on, dress, be in

1)wear “穿着,表状态= be in

She wears a purple sweater today.= She’s wearing a purple sweater today.

= She’s in a purple sweater today.

  wear “留,蓄

  wear a beard  留胡子

  wear long hair 蓄长发

  wear sunglasses 戴太阳眼镜

2)put on “穿上,表动作

Tom is putting on his shirt.

3)dress “穿,可表动作或状态

 dress sb. = get sb. dressed给某人穿衣服

  He is too young to dress himself. = He is too young to get himself dressed.

17. I meet interesting people every day.

我每天遇见有趣的人。

1) meet “遇见,认识,迎接例如:

I like meeting different people every day.

Nice to meet you.

Would you please meet her at the airport?

2) every day 副词词组,表示每天,天天,在句中作状语。

  everyday 形容词,表示日常的,每日的,在句中作定语。

Some people are very interested in the stars’ everyday life.

有些人对明星的日常生活非常感兴趣。

Peter practices his trumpet every day.

Peter每天都练习吹喇叭。

18. Do you want to work for us as a reporter?

   你愿意为我们工作吗?是当记者?

1) work for ……工作

Jeff works for a big company.

2) work as ……

Would you like to work as a waiter?

3) work at/in 在哪里工作

His brother works in a famous hotel.

 

Ⅳ. 语法精讲

一般现在时

1. 构成

一般现在时主要由动词的原形表示,当主语是第三人称单数时,则在动词原形后加-s-es,词尾读音分别为/s/, /z//iz/。规则如下:

规则

例词

一般动词在词尾加-s

在清辅音后读/s/

在元音和浊辅音后读/z/

help – helps

work – works

climb – climbs

在以字母s, x, o, ch, sh结尾的动词后加-es;

如词尾已有e,则只加-s, 读作/iz/

teach – teaches

guess – guesses

close – closes

以辅音字母+y结尾的动词,变yi后,加-es,读作/z/

study – studies

fly – flies

高分突破:

动词havebe的第三人称单数形式为:hasis

2. 一般现在时的肯定、否定、一般疑问句式及回答。列表如下:

行为动词(以do为例)

肯定式

否定式

一般疑问句式及回答

 

 

 

I

We

You     do ...

They

 

 

 

 

I

We

You     don’t do ...

They

 

Do I do ...?

Yes, you do.

No, you don’t.

Do we do ...?

Yes, you(we) do.

No, you(we) don’t.

D you do ...?

Yes, I (we) do.

No, I (we) don’t.

Do they do...?

Yes, they do.

No, they don’t.

He

She    does...

It

He

She    doesn’t do ...

It

Does he(she, it) do ...?

Yes, he(she, it) does.

No, he(she, it) doesn’t.

(don’t = do not ; doesn’t = does not )

动词be

肯定式

否定式

一般疑问句式及回答

I am ...

I am not ...

Am I ...?

Yes, you are.

No, you aren’t.

He

She    is...

It

He

She    isn’t...

It

he

Is   she ...?

it

Yes, he(she, it) is.

No, he(she, it) isn’t.

 

 

We

You

They      are ...

...

 

 

 

We

You

They      aren’t ...

...

 

Are we ...?

Yes, you are.

No, you aren’t

Are you ...?

Yes, we are.

No, we aren’t.

Are they...?

Yes, they are.

No, they aren’t.

isn’t = is not  ; aren’t = are not

3. 一般现在时的用法

1) 表示经常发生的动作、存在的状态或现阶段的习惯。常用时间状语:often, always, usually, every day, on Sundays etc.

例如:He often goes to work on foot.

2) 表示客观事实和普遍真理。

例如:Three and four is seven.

      The earth travels around the sun.

3) 表示现在的状态和外部特征。

例如: You look fantastic today.

4) 表现在的喜好、愿望、观点等。

例如:He hopes to see you soon.

5) 表示已安排或计划好将来必定会发生的动作或状态,即用一般现在时表示将来,一般用动词:be, come, go, arrive, leave, start etc.

例如: His train leaves at 2:00 this afternoon.

6) 有几个由here, there开头的句子,动词用一般现在时表示现在正在发生的动作。

例如:There goes the bell.   铃声响了。

      Here comes the bus.    车来了。

高分突破:

在含时间和条件状语从句的复合句中,主语用一般将来时,从句则用一般现在时表示将来的动作。

例如:I will stay at home if it rains tomorrow.

      She’ll come to my home as soon as she arrives here.

附录:

一、at,in,on展示平台

1at的展示平台

【性格展示】介词at表时间、表地点。

1at表示时间,用于钟点前,用于时刻前,译为"......时(刻)"。如:

at threethree o'clock 在三点。

at a quarter to six 六点差一刻。

at noon 在中午,at night 在夜晚, at midnight 在半夜

at breakfastlunchsupper 在吃早饭/午饭/晚饭时

at this time of day 在每天这个时候

2at表示地点,一般用于较小的地名(方)前,译为"......"。如:

at home 在家,at the station 在车站

3at表示处于......状态,译为"从事于......"。如:

at school 在上学,at work 在工作

【相关链接】at加名词一般可与现在进行时态互换使用,表示正在进行的动作,试比较:They are at work./They are working

2in的展示平台

【性格展示】小小介词in,用途却很多。可表时间,表地点,表手段、方法、材料。

1in表示时间,用于泛指一天的上午、下午、晚上等;用于某个较长的时间,如年、月、季节等。如:

in the morningafternoonevening在上(下午)或晚上,in 20032003年,in the daydaytime在白天

【相关链接】in还可以表示"从现在起一段时间以后"。如:

They will see you in a week.他们将在一周后去看你。

另外,inat都可以表示时间,但in表示较长的时间,而at表示时间的某一点。例如:

He got up late in the morning and had a meal at noon.他早上起得晚,所以只吃午餐。

2in表示地点、场所,译为"......""......"。如:in the factory 在工厂,in the room 在房间里,in the sun 在阳光下,in the middle of...在......的中央

【相关链接】inat都可表示地点,而in表示的地点比at所表示的地点大。

3in表示用语言,用......材料。译为"......,以......方式"。如:in English用英语,in ink用墨水

4in表示穿戴的状态,译为"戴着、穿着"。如:in the white shirt穿着白色的衬衫,in the cap戴着帽子

【相关链接】in表示"穿(戴)着"是介词,指状态,同wear一样。in后接表示服装类的名词或表示颜色的词。如:

Kate is in a red skirt./Kate wears a red skirt.凯特穿着红裙子。

3on的展示平台

【性格展示】介词on表示时间、地点、方位等。

1on表示时间,用于星期、日期(包括该天的各部分)。如:on SundaySundayson Monday morningafternoonevening等。

on也用于某一日的名词前,用于公共节假日前。如:

On New Year's Day 在元旦,on Children's Day 在儿童节等。

2on表示地点、位置,有"......""接近""靠近"之意。如:

a house on the main road 临大街的房子, sit on my right 坐在我的右边

3on表示状态,译为"处于......情况中,从事于......"等。如:

on duty 值日,on holiday 度假

4on表示"......上面",用在表示物体的名词前。如:

on the box 在盒子上

【相关链接】onover都是介词,on表示"......上面",指一物体与另一物体表面相接触;over表示"......上方",指一物体与另一物体不接触。试比较:

There is a light on the desk.桌子上有盏台灯。(lightdesk接触)

There is a light over the desk.桌子上方有一盏灯。(lightdesk不接触)

【特别提示】表示"......",介词onin必须注意习惯用法,否则会出错。不妨比较一番:

on the treein the tree都译为"......在树上"。前者表示树上本身所长着的叶子、花、果实等;后者表示某物或某人在树上。

on the wallin the wall都译为"在墙上"。由于介词不同,在使用上有区别。图画、黑板、风筝等"在墙上",是因为它们在墙的表面上,故用on the wall;门窗、钉子、洞、孔等"在墙上",是因为它们在墙的里面,故用in the wall

【轻松一练】用atinon填空。

1This was a true story and it happened __________ the morning of May 5

2What do you usually do __________ Sundays

3My brother works __________ a factoryand my sister works __________ a farm

4-Who's the man __________ black

-He's Mr White

5What do you often do __________ weekends

6Mid-autumn Festival comes __________ August or September

7We go to school __________ 130 __________ the afternoon

8They left __________ a rainy morning

9I was born __________ December 1987

10We can see many stars __________ the sky __________ night

Key1on 2on 3inon 4in 5at 6in 7atin 8on 9in 10inat

 

二、suchso“如此不同

suchso都可以用来表示程度,意思是如此;这样,但用法却不相同。

1such是形容词,用来修饰名词,名词前有无形容词都可以;so是副词,用来修饰形容词或副词,形容词后可以省略名词。例如:

He is such abigfool.他是个(大)傻瓜。

He is so foolisha man).他是如此愚蠢(的一个人)。

2.单数名词前有不定冠词与形容词时,sosuch的位置不同。前者为“so+形容词+冠词+名词,后者为“such +冠词+形容词+名词。例如:

I know such a clever boy.我认识如此聪明的一个男孩。

I know so clever a boy.我认识如此聪明的一个男孩。

3so后即使有形容词,也不能修饰复数名词或不可数名词,而such则可以。例如:

They are such useful books.它们是如此有用的书。

He gave us such good food.他给了我们这么好的食物。

4.名词前有表示多、少意义的manymuchfewlittle等修饰词时,要用so,不用such。例如:

There are so many flowers in our school garden.我们学校的花园里有那么多的花。

You'll find English a bridge to so much knowledge.你会发现英语是通向如此丰富知识的桥梁。

I have so little money that I can't lend you any.我的钱很少,不能借给你。

5.当little表示的意思修饰可数名词时,其前只能用such,不能用so。例如:

I have never seen such little sheep before.我以前从没见过这么小的绵羊。

九年级英语中考第一轮复习资料

——七年级下册Unit5-8精讲精练

[考点聚焦]

I. 词组归纳

1.  ……怎么样? ___________________    2.  举行晚会 ___________________

3.  读书 ___________________            4.  去购物 ____________________

5.  访谈节目 ____________________       6.  在星期六的早上 ____________________

7.  打扫卧室 ____________________       8.  在海滩 ____________________

9.  呆在家 ____________________         10. 练习说英语 _____________________

11. 为地理考试学习 _____________________12. 对大多数的孩子而言 _____________________

13. 拜访朋友 ____________________       14. ……的前面 ____________________

15. ……等等 ____________________        16. 爵士乐CD ____________________

17. 舞曲 ____________________           18. 上楼 ____________________

19. 古典乐的乐迷 _____________________  20. 文化宫 ____________________

21. 看起来像 ____________________       22. 一头长长的直发 ____________________

23. 黑的短卷发 ____________________     24. 中等体格 ____________________

25. 篮球队的队长 ____________________   26. 受某人的欢迎 ____________________

27. 讲笑话 __________________           28. 停止正在做的事 _________________

29. 下棋 __________________             30. 一副新面貌 __________________

31. 戴眼镜 __________________           32. 一位戴副滑稽眼镜的摇滚歌手 _________________

33. 留胡子 __________________           34. 一个短发男孩 __________________

35. ……不友好 __________________     36. 一个在中国的交换学生 ___________________

37. 住在洛杉矶 __________________       38. 在黑板上 __________________

II. 句型归纳

1.  _______ _____ you _____ over the weekend?We went to the movie.

2.  ______ ______ she ______ over the weekend? She played the piano.

3.  _______ _______ your weekend?  It was great.

4.  Where’s the pop music?  _______ upstairs and _______ right.

5.  _______ _______ the country CDs?  Behind the classical CDs.

6.  ________ Bob’s favorite _______ ________ music? His favorite kind of music is jazz.

7.  _______ do you _______ _______? I’m short and thin.

8. _______ _______ she _______ like?  She’s tall with curly hair.

9. _______ that?   That’s Mike, Peter’s brother.

10. _______ he _______?   He’s serious.

III. 考点归纳

1. What about your friend? 你朋友呢?

1) What about + n./doing sth.?

 = How about + n./doing sth.?

2) What/How about doing sth.?

 = Why not do sth.?

 = Let’s do sth.?

这三个句型为同义句,表示提出建议。

2. How did the kids spend the weekend? 孩子们是怎么过周末的?

1) 花时间、金钱在某事上

spend time/money on sth.

花时间、金钱做某事

spend time/money (in) doing sth.

2) spend time on sth. / (in) doing sth.  = It takes sb. + time + to do sth.

例如:

Jim spent nearly 2 hours cleaning his bedroom.

= It took Jim nearly 2 hours to clean his bedroom.

  spend money on sth. / (in) doing sth.

= pay ... for...

  She spent $15 on her new shirt.

= She paid $15 for her new shirt.

3) spend, cost, pay,

spend的主语是人,spend time/money on sth. / (in) doing sth.

cost的主语是物,sth. cost sb. + money

pay的主语是人,pan + money + for sth.

例如:

They spent $80 buying this interesting radio.

This interesting radio cost them $80.

They paid $80 for this interesting radio.

3. He sat on the bench and watched Wang Wang play with a friendly black cat. 他坐在板凳上看着汪汪和一只友好的黑猫一起玩。

watch/ see/ look at/ hear/ listen to sb. doing sth.

看见/听见某人正在做某事

watch/ see/ look at/ hear/ listen to sb. do sth.

看见/听见某人做了某事

I heard the boy _____ English at 8:00 yesterday morning. (practice)

I often hear the boy _____ English in the morning. (practice)

答案:

1. practicing  2. practice

4. Then it was time to go home. 接着是回家的时间了。

 = Then it was time for home.

1) It’s time (for sb.) to do sth.

= It’s time (for sb.) for doing sth.

= It’s time for (one’s) sth.

例如:

It’s time for me to have breakfast.

= It’s time for my breakfast.

2) I have no time to have breakfast.

= I have no time for having breakfast.

= I have no time for breakfast.

= There is no time for me to have breakfast.

= There is no time for my breakfast.

(I have no time…= I don’t have any time…)

(There is no time …= There isn’t any time…)

5. He has no dog and no family. 他没有狗也没有亲人了。

He doesn’t have dogs or families.

no A, B or C = no A, no B and no C 没有A, BC

例如: Now I have no arms, no hands, no legs and no feet.

     = Now I have no arms, hands, legs or feet.

6. 音乐的类型:

country music 乡村乐  dance music 舞曲  pop music 流行乐

classical music 古典乐  jazz music 爵士乐  rock music 摇滚乐

folk music 民乐  light music 轻音乐  heavy metal 重金属摇滚乐

【高分突破】:

music “音乐不可数名词

一支乐曲:a piece of music

7. What does he look like? 他长什么样?

What is he like?

look like = be like

使用时注意动词的变化,例如:

She looks like her mother.= She is like her mother.

  She doesn’t look like her mother.= She isn’t like her mother.

  Does she look like her mother?= Is she like her mother?

【高分突破】:

like be like 的区别:

Tom is like his father. Tom长得像他的爸爸。

Tom likes his father.   Tom喜欢他的爸爸。

8. Wang Lin is very popular. 王林很受欢迎。

be popular with sb. 受某人的欢迎

9. She never stops talking. 她从没停止过讲话。

1) stop doing sth. 停止正在做的事

It’s time for class, we stop talking.

该上课了,我们停止了讲话。

2) stop to do sth. 停下来做另一件事

I’m too tired, let me stop to have a rest.

我累极了,让我停下来休息一会。

3) stop sb. (from) doing sth. 阻止某人做某事

Nobody can stop doing that.

没有人能阻止他做那件事。

10. Do you remember Johny Dean, the pop singer with funny glasses?

你还记得那个戴滑稽眼镜的流行歌手Johny Dean

1) remember/forget sth./sb. 记得/忘记……

2) remember/forget doing sth. 记得/忘记已经做过的事

I remember closing the windows just now.我记得刚才关了窗户的。

3) remember/forget to do sth. 记得/忘记还没做过的事

I remember to close the windows when I leave.我记得在离开的时候要关窗。

【高分突破】:

remember = don’t forget = be sure

注意同义句的转换:

Remember to take this book to your school!

= Don’t forget to take this book to your school!

= Be sure to take this book to your school!

11. He teaches English. 他教英语。

1) teach sb./sth.

2) teach sb. sth. = teach sth. to sb.

3) teach sb. to do sth.

4) teach sb. + 疑问代词 + to do sth.

【高分突破】:

老师教我们英语。

Miss Li teaches us English.      (√)

Miss Li is our English teacher.   (√)

Miss Li teaches our English.     (×)

Ⅳ. 语法精讲

现在进行时

1. 构成

   be (am, is, are) + doing(现在分词)

现在分词的变化规则:

变化规则

例词

一般情况下在动词后加-ing

look – looking

read – reading

以不发音的字母e结尾的动词,去掉e-ing

take – taking

choose – choosing

重读闭音节结尾的动词,如果词尾只有一个辅音字母,应先双写末尾的字母,再加-ing

shop – shopping

run – running

begin – beginning

2. 一般现在时的肯定、否定、一般疑问句式及回答。列表如下:

以动词work为例

肯定式

否定式

I am working.

He/She/It is working.

We/You/They are working.

I am not working.

He/She/It isn’t working.

We/You/They aren’t working.

 

一般疑问句式及回答

Am I working?

Yes, you are.

No, you aren’t.

Is he/she/it working?

Yes, he/she/it is.

No, he/she/it isn’t

Are we/you/they working?

Yes, you/we/they are.

No, you/we/they aren’t.

3. 现在进行时的用法

1) 表示此时此刻正在进行的动作。

例如:My sister is talking on the phone with her friend now.

2) 表示目前这段时间内正在进行的动作(尽管此时此刻并不进行)。

例如:What’s he doing this week?   He’s learning to play the drum.

3) 与副词always, constantly等连用,表示反复出现或习惯性的动作,含有说话者赞扬、不满、讨厌、遗憾等情绪。

例如:She’s always smiling happily.

      Tom is always making the same mistake!

4) 表示过程。

例如:It’s getting warmer and warmer.

5) go, come, return, start, arrive, leave, fly等动词的现在进行时,可以表示即将发生的动作。

例如:I’m leaving for Beijing tomorrow.

      Your mother is coming soon.

【高分突破】:

1) 常与现在进行时搭配的时间状语或句子:

now, at present, at the moment, at 8:00

Look! Listen! Where is/are ...? etc.

2) 英语里有一些动词一般不用现在进行时:

表知觉的动词:see, hear, smell, taste, notice, feel, sound etc.

表示态度和感情的动词:believe, agree, like, love, hate, want, think(认为)etc.

表示某种抽象的关系或概念的动词:have, depend, seem, etc.

表示瞬间动作的动词:remember, forgetknow, join, buy, borrow, find etc.

附录:

一、there be 结构用法归纳:

A.there be结构的主语

1There be结构中,there是引导词,无实义,其主语是be动词之后的名词或名词短语,且这些名词或名词短语通常用不确定的限定词(如anosomeall等)修饰,不用确定的限定词(如thethisthat等)修饰。例如:

桌上有本书。

误:There is the book on the desk

正:There is a book on the desk

2There be结构中的主语不能是人称代词、专有名词以及被物主代词或所有格修饰的名词。如不能说:

There is China in the east of the world

There are their bikes un der the tree

There are they over there

若要说明被限定的某人或某物在某处时,常用某人(某物)+be+地点结构。例如:

China is in the east of the w orld

Their bikes are un der the tree

They are over there

1There be结构中的be是谓语动词,它在人称和数上应和其后的主语(名词)保持一致,即主语是不可数名词或单数可数名词时用is,复数时用are。例如:

There is a bird in the tree.树上有只鸟。

There is some meat on the plate.盘里有些肉。

There are some people in the room.屋里有些人。

be后有两个或两个以上的名词作主语时,be动词应采取邻近原则,即be应与邻近的主语在数上保持一致。例如:

There is a pen and two rulers in the pencil-box.文具盒里有一支钢笔和两把尺子。

There are three apples and a pear in the basket.篮子里有三只苹果和一只梨。

2There be结构中的谓语动词有时不用be,而用其他动词,使语言表达更生动形象,如livestandlie等词。例如:

Longlong agothere lived a king.很久以前有一个国王。

There stands a school on the hill.山上有所学校。

3There be结构常见时态有一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在完成时等,其时态的变化都是通过be动词来完成和体现的。其具体形式如下:

时态

谓语动词

例句

一般现在时

are/is

There are two chairs in the room.

一般过去时

were/was

There was a bike near the house a moment ago.

一般将来时

will

be/is(are)going be

There will be a meeting tomorrow afternoon.

There are gong to be two football matches.

现在完成时

have/has been

There have been great changes in my hometown.

此外,There be结构还可以和情态动词连用,表示推测。例如:

There must be no one in the room.屋里肯定没人。

1There be结构的否定形式是在be动词的相应形式后加“not”,其疑问句式是把be动词的相应形式移至句首。例如:

There were two pictures on the wall yesterday

There weren't two pictures on the wall yesterday

Were there two pictures on the wall yesterday

此时应注意:(1)把含有some的肯定句变为否定或疑问句时,应将其变为any;(2)在对there be结构的一般疑问句作简略回答时,答句的主语仍用there。例如:

There are some oranges on the tree

There aren't any oranges on the tree

—Are there any oranges on the tree

—Yesthere are./Nothere aren't

2.若对There be结构中的主语进行提问时,无论主语是单数还是复数,习惯上都用“What's+地点状语,引导词there常省去。例如:

There are some flowers on the desk

→What's on the desk

There is some meat on the plate

→What's on the plate

3There be结构的陈述句变成反意疑问句时,其附加问句的主语应用there,而不可用其它词替代。例如:

There's a beautiful flower on the floorisn 't there

There aren't any books in the boxare there

1There behave都可作讲,但havehas讲时,表示所属关系,即持有、占有,而there be结构表示客观上的存在,不说明所有关系。例如:

There are two new pens in Tom's pencil-box.(强调钢笔的位置)

Tom has two new pens.(钢笔是汤姆的)

2.当主语是物或时间名词,而且表示整体与局部的关系时,there be结构与have可以互换。例如:

1)一周有七天。

A week has seven days

There are seven days in a week

2)这幢楼有20个房间。

The building has twenty rooms

There are twenty rooms in the building

3.在一般时态里,there不能和havehas)连用。例如:

1)那间房子有两个窗和一个门。

【误】There have two windows and a door in the room

【正】There are two windows and a door in the room

【正】The room has two windows and a door

2)明天下午将有一次班会。

【误】There will have a class meeting tomorrow afternoon

【正】There will be a class meeting tomorrow afternoon

二、动词的分类 
从其含义来分,动词可分为实义动词、连系动词、情态动词、助动词乏义动词。如:
实义动词,go
         play    

连系动词,be         become  成为

情态动词,can        must    必须

助动词,do(无词义,用于构成疑问句等)

have(无词义,用于构成时态)

1.用来表示主语状态,只有be一词

比较以下由联系动词be和实义动词构成的句子

肯定句Im a student. I study hard.

否定句 Im not a student. I dont study hard.

疑问句 Are you a student? Do you study hard?

肯定回答 Yes, I am. Yes, I do.

否定回答 No, Im not.  No,I dont.

2. be 作为助动词,用来构成进行时态和被动语态。

如:We are working hard in the garden.(构成现在进行时)

我们在花园里辛勤劳动。   

The house was painted purple.(构成被动语态)

房子被刷成紫色的。

3. do 的助动词用法

do 作为助动词,用来构成疑问句、否定句、强调句。

如:Do you live in Shanghai?(构成疑问句)

你住在上海吗?   

I don't like to have hamburgers.(构成否定句)

我不喜欢吃汉堡包。   

Do come please.(构成强调句)

一定要来。

4. have 的助动词用法

have 作为助动词,用来构成完成时态。

如:Have you finished the work?(构成现在完成时)

你的工作完成了没有?

5. shall  will 的助动词用法

shall  will 作为助动词,用来构成将来时态。

如:I will call you this evening.(构成一般将来时)

今晚我会打电话给你。   

What shall we do next week?

下个星期我们做什么?

三、andbutor的用法:

    这两个词都是并列连词,用来连接并列关系的词组或分句,其用法如下:

    and意为,多用在肯定句中列举事物,通常只在最后一个事物前用这个词。如:

    You, he and I are students.     你,我,他都是学生。

    or意为或者,多用于选择疑问句中。如:    Is your coat big or small?    你的上衣大还是小?

    在否定句中,表示并列部分的连词应单独使用or,若用and必须重复前面的否定句。如:

    There’s no air or (=and no) water on the moon.    月球上没有空气和水。

    but是表转折关系的连词。如:

    You’re a teacher, but I’m a student.    你是老师,而我是学生。

判断下列句中andbut的用法是否正确.

  A.I can swim, and I am good at it.

  B.I wanted to have a cup of coffee, and the boy passed me an orange.

  C. The boy is very clever but he can answer the question easily

四、常见的构词法

1)合成词:合成词是由两个或两个以上的词构成一个新的词。如:blackboard(黑板)newspaper(报纸)afternoon(下午) ,pencil-box(铅笔盒)

2)派生词:派生词是由词根加派生词缀构成的词,词根是派生词的基础,同一词根加不同的派生词缀可以表示不同的意义,还可以表示不同的词的词性。

动词变名词:+后缀er                drive(驾驶)——driver(驾驶员)

                                                        teach()——teacher(教师)

                                                        read(阅读)——reader(读者)

                      +后缀or               invent(发明)——inventor(发明家)

                                                        visit(访问)——visitor(访问者)

                     +后缀tion              invent(发明)——invention(发明)

                                                        operate(手术)——operation(手术)

名词变形容词:+后缀y             wind()——windy(刮风的)

                                                        sun(太阳)——sunny(晴朗的)

                            +后缀ful      help(帮助)——helpful(有帮助的)

                                                        care(小心)——careful(小心的)

                            +后缀ly        friend(朋友)——friendly(友好的)

形容词变名词:+后缀ness        good(好的)——goodness(善良,美德)

                                                        kind(和善的)——kindness(和善)

形容词变副词:+后缀ly            bad(坏的)——badly(糟糕地)

                                                        quick(快的)——quickly(迅速地)

改变词义:+前缀un                            happy(高兴的)——unhappy(不高兴的)

                                                        usual(平常的)——unusual(不平常的)

)转化词:转化词是指由一种词类转用作另一种词类的词。例如:

hand(n .)手, hand(v .)传递, dry(adj .)干燥的, dry(v .) 烘干

[说明]初中总复习中,词汇的复习十分重要。掌握单词和词组的用法是学好语言的前提之一。没有一定的词汇量,不掌握词语的基本用法,就失去了英语知识复习的基础,也就更谈不上灵活运用和综合分析能力了。

五、中考必考:四个表花费词汇的分析

有些同学常常把spendcostpaytake这些表示的动词混淆,它们有什么不同呢?
spend
的主语通常是人,往往用于以下句型:
1. (sb) spend some money/some time on sth. 
2. (sb)spend some money/some time(in)doing sth.
例如:
I spent fifty yuan on the coat.
= I spent fifty yuan (in) buying the coat.
我花50元买了这件大衣。
He spent three days on the work. 
= He spend three days (in) doing the work.
我干这项工作用了3天。 
3.spend money for sth.
花钱买……
例如:His money was spent for books. 他的钱用来买书了。
take
常用于占用、花费时间,后面常跟双宾语,其主语通常为形式主语“it”或物。句式是:
1. It takes/took sb.some time to do sth
例如:It will take me two days to do the work. 这项工作花了2天时间。
2. Doing sth./Sth.takes sb.some time.  
例如: The work will take me two days.这项工作花了2天时间。
Repairing this car took him the whole afternoon.
他花了一下午修车。
It took me three years to draw the beautiful horses. 
=Drawing the beautiful horses took me three years.
画这些漂亮的马花费了我3年时间。 
pay
付款、赔偿之意,主语通常是人,句型
1. sb. pays some money for sth
例如: I paid fifty yuan for the coat.我花50元买了这件大衣。
2. pay (sb.) money for sth.
付钱(给某人)买……
例如:I have to pay them 20 pounds for this room each month. 我每个月要付20英磅的房租。
3. pay money back
还钱。
例如:May I borrow 12 yuan from you? I'll pay it back next week. 你能借给我12块钱吗?下周还你。
4. pay off one's money
 还清钱。 
cost
的主语是物或某种活动, 还可以表示。句型
1. sth. costs (sb.) money, 某物花了(某人)多少钱。
例如:A new computer costs a lot of money. 买一台新电脑要花一大笔钱。
2. (doing) sth. costs (sb.)
time, 某物(做某事)花了(某人)多少时间。
例如:Remembering these new words cost him a lot of time. 他花了大量时间才记住了这些单词。

注意:cost的过去式及过去分词都是cost,并且不能用于被动句。 
I'm interested in animals, so I _____________ every Saturday working in an animal hospital.
A. pay  B. get  C. take  D. spend
【解析】答案:D。该题考查的是pay, get, takespend这四个动词的用法区别。只有动词spend可以用在sb. spends time doing sth. 这个句型里,所以正确答案影视spend
This science book ____ me a great amount of money.
A. took
 B. cost  C. used  D. spent
答案:B

马石立中学九年级英语中考第一轮复习资料

——七年级下册Unit9-Culture Unit12精讲精练

[考点聚焦]

I. 词组归纳

1.  情况怎么样?_________________     2.  给埃菲尔铁塔照相 _________________

3.  环球节目 _________________        4.  骑骆驼 _________________

5.  五千年的历史 _________________    6.  长城 _________________

7.  故宫 _________________            8.  一次令人兴奋的汽车旅行 __________________

9.  整天 _________________            10. 在水里玩得很高兴 _________________

11. 看见一个男孩正在哭 ___________ ___ 12. 吃川菜 _________________

13. 想起 _________________            14. 肥皂剧 _________________

15. 发卡 _________________            16. 一个十三岁的男孩 _________________

17. 就某事询问某人 _________________  18. ……展示给某人 _________________

19. 无法忍受…… __________________    20. 最酷的东西 __________________

21. 下个月的杂志 __________________   22. 上课时 __________________

23. 不得不 __________________         24. 在走廊上 __________________

25. 太多的规矩 __________________     26. 躺在床上 __________________

27. 放学后 __________________         28. 禁止说话!___________________

29. ……玩笑___________________      30. 世界杯 ___________________

31. 东汉 ___________________          32. 中国足球协会 __________________

33. 网址 ___________________          34. 去做,努力去获得 _________________

35. 金牌 ___________________          36. 校队 ___________________

37. 擅长 ___________________          38. 元宵节 ___________________

39. 不请吃就捣蛋! ___________________40. 去教堂 ___________________

II. 句型归纳

1.  _______ the weather?  It’s windy.

2.  _______ the weather _______? It’s sunny.

3.  _______ Uncle Joe _______? He’s playing basketball.

4.  _______ it ________? Great!

5.  _______ _______ he _______ on vacation? He stayed at home.

6.  _______ _______ they _______ on vacation? They went to the mountains.

7.  _______ she _______ to Central Park? No, she didn’t.

8.  _______ do you _______ _______ soap operas? I don’t mind them.

9.  _______ does he _______ sports shows? He loves them!

10. _______ we eat in class?  No, we can’t.

11. _______ are the _______ at your school?Don’t arrive late for class and don’t eat in class.

12. _______ you _______ to wear a uniform at school? No, we don’t.

13. _______ else _______ he _______ to do?   He has to do his homework.

III. 考点归纳

1. How’s the weather in Shanghai? 上海天气怎样?

What’s the weather like in Shanghai?

易犯的错误:

1) How’s the weather like? ×

2) What’s the weather?     ×

2. It’s raining. 在下雨。

rain v. 下雨     rain n.(U)     rainy adj. 下雨的

snow v. 下雪     snow n.(U)    snowy adj. 下雪的

昨晚雨()下得很大。

  It rained(snowed) heavily/hard last night.

= There was a heavy/hard rain(snow) last night.

= There was a lot of rain(snow) last night.

= It was rainy(snowy) heavily/hard last night.

3. It’s cloudy. 是阴天。

cloudcloudy  rainrainy  snowsnowy  windwindy  sunsunny

【高分突破】:

1) cloud n. 可数名词

There are many dark clouds in the sky.天上有许多乌云。

2) 一阵大风:

a strong wind 

a big wind     ×

4. We had great fun playing in the water.

   我们在水里玩得很高兴

have (great/much) fun (in) doing sth.

某事做得很开心= do sth. happily

类似的短语:be busy (in) doing sth.

spend time/money (in) doing sth.

5. The shops were too crowded.商店太挤了。

1) too adv.

 Tom is from America. Lucy is from America, too.

2) too adv.

The box is too heavy.

【高分突破】:

1)       toovery的区别:

    too“表示超过承受范围

    very“没有超过承受范

2too…to… ……以致于不能……

= so … that …not…

= not … enough to

 Little Tom is too young to go to school.

= Little Tom is so young that he can’t go to school.

= Little Tom isn’t old enough to go to school

6. I find a small boy crying in the corner.

   我发现有个小男孩正在角落里哭。

find sb. doing sth. 发现某人在做某事

find sb. + adj./n.  发现某人……

find sb. to be      发现某人……

find (that) + 从句  发现……

I found Tony to be a serious man.

= I found Tony serious.

= I found Tony was a serious man.

7. Don’t eat in class! 上课不许吃东西!

in class 在课堂上        in the class 在班上

in hospital in在住院    in the hospital 在医院

at table 在吃饭          at the table 在桌旁

8. I have too many rules in my house. 在我家有太多的家规。

1) too much + n.(U) 太多……

too many + n.(C) 太多……

2) too much “太多副词词组

Watch TV too much isn’t good for your health.

3) much too “后接形容词或副词

It’s much too boring.

9. I have to take my dog for a walk. 我必须带我的狗去散步。

have tomust的区别:

have to:“不得不,必须,主要强调是外界客观因素,如环境、习惯、急事等而要求某人不得不,必须。它可用于多种时态(一般不用于进行时态),且有人称和数的变化。

must:“必须,表示说话人主观认为应该、必须,它无人称、数和时态的变化。

例如:

I must go there.我必须去那儿。(我主观认为必须要去)

I have to go there.我不得不去那儿。(因有急事我要去)

It’s raining hard. We have to stop.

We must get there before dark.

10. I don’t mind them. 我不在乎它们。

1) mind + sth.

She didn’t mind the hard work before.

I don’t mind the rainy weather.

2) mind + doing sth.

Would you mind opening the windows?

Would you mind helping me with this bag?

Would you mind doing sth.= Would you like to do sth.

3) mind + 句子

Do you mind if I smoke?

Do you mind if I open the window?

【高分突破】:

mind sb. doing sth. 介意某人做某事

sb.用代词的宾格形式或形容词性的物主代词,例如:

Do you mind his/him smoking?

11. Later I have to go to the children’s palace to learn the piano.

接着我得去少年宫学钢琴。

later “以后可单独使用也可和时间连用

one year later

five days later

反义词:ago “以前

one year ago

five days ago

 

Ⅳ. 语法精讲

一般过去时态

一般过去时态表示过去某一时间或某一段时间内发生过的动作或存在的状态。

1. be动词的过去式:

     am

            was

be   is

 

     are    were

否定式:wasn’t, weren’t

一般疑问句:将waswere提到句首。

2. 规则动词的过去式的变化规则及读音:

构成方法

原形

过去时

一般情况在动词原形后加-ed

want

answer

wanted

answered

以字母e 结尾的动词,只加-d

move

die

moved

died

辅音字母+y ”结尾的动词,把y 改为i,再加-ed

carry

cry

carried

cried

以重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母,先双写该辅音字母,再加-ed

stop

plan

stopped

planned

1) 清念 /t/ ,即 ed 在清辅音后面念 /t/

例如: finished, helped, passed, cooked

2) 元浊 /d/ , ed 在元音,浊辅音后面念 /d/                                                                 

例如:enjoyed, called, moved, borrowed            

3) /t/  /d/ 之后念 /id/ , ed /t/ /d/ 音后面念 /id/

例如:wantedshouted, needed, counted

3. 常用的一般过去时的时间状语:

yesterday/ the day before(...之前) yesterday

last year/ month/ spring/ week/ Monday/ night

yesterday morning/ afternoon/ evening

at that time/ just now = a moment ago

two days ago/ 3 years ago/ 5 months ago/ a week ago

in 1990/ 2000/ 1988/ 1949

in the old days/ in those days

高分突破:

两类应注意的题:

1. 交际英语中表示过去发生的动作:

“ Please look at the sign: NO PHOTOS!”

“ Sorry, I ______ it.”

A. don’t see   B. see   C. saw   D. didn’t see

正确答案:D

2. 客观真理用一般现在时:

My teacher told me that the earth _____ round the sun.

A. moved   B. moves   C. move   D. ran

 

 

附:

基本句型,又叫核心句,是千变万化的句子结构的雏形。人们在交际中使用的句子是千差万别的,但是那千差万别、变幻莫测的句子可以最后分析成为少数几个最基本的结构原形,正是这些有限的结构原形及其转换形式能够生成无限的实际使用的句子。现代英语的基本句型有五至七个,这五至七个分句原形是以结构不同的谓语为基础的。

1.主语 + 系动词 + 表语:(简称SVC结构)

在这个结构中,动词是连系动词,这种动词之后必须跟有表语,能够在这种结构中作表语的可以是名词词组、形容词词组、介词词组、副词词组等。例如:

My daughter became a college student

The car is expensive

His books are on that shelf

She looks fine

   A foreign language is a weapon in the struggle of life.

   The plan sounds perfect.

    This material feels soft.

    This is where I work.

常用的系动词除be, become, look, seem, appear, get, feel外,还有以下一些:

    grow(变得),turn(变成),remain(仍然是),fall(变得),hold(保持),

    keep(保持),stand(保持), stay(保持), smell(闻起来),sound(听起来),taste(尝起来)等。例如:

    The motor is out of order.     这台电机出了毛病。

    Her mother has fallen ill.     她母亲生病了。

    The weather is getting quite warm.     天气变得相当暖和。

    The roses smell sweet.     这些玫瑰气味很香。

    Silk feels soft and smooth.     丝绸摸上去又软又滑。

    The plan sounds perfect.     这个计划听起来完美无缺。

2.主语 + 谓语(不及物动词):(简称SV结构)

SV结构中,主动词是不及物动词(vi)。这个结构的谓语可能仅仅只有谓语动词,即只有动词词组,而不附带其他成分。例如:

My head aches

His plan has changed

The plane was landing

His parents have died

The children may have been sleeping

SV结构中,状语通常不是必不可少的成分。但在某种情况下,不加状语便不能表达完整的意思,这就引出了下列句型:

主语 + 谓语 + 状语:

比如在 The weather often changes in England中,如果把状语oftenin England拿掉,剩下的SV结构The weather changes,还是个完整的分句结构,它的意义还是明确无误的。但是,在有一些结构中,由于主动词的词汇意义关系,必须带有状语,否则结构不完整,意义不明确。例如:

The plane takes off at 830

The Hunters live in London

We stayed in Beijing for a few weeks.

The meeting lasted for two hours.

    We walked for five miles.

    He lives in Guangzhou.(介宾短语)

    They stopped to have a rest. (不定式)

 I’ll go swimming(分词)

正由于状语在这类结构中是必不可少的成分,所以也可以把主语+不及物动词+状语(SVA)看成是另外一种句型。不过,这个句型只适用于少数几个动词的某些用法,所以不能算是主要的基本句型。

3.主语 + 谓语 + 宾语:(简称SVO结构)

在这个结构中,主动词是及物动词(vt),从而必须带宾语。例如:

He can drive a car

He has bought a house.

I'll be seeing you

You may have heard the news

SVO结构中,状语并非不可缺少的成分,比如在 He teaches English every day一句中,如果把 every day去掉,并不影响句子结构的完整性。但在某些SVO结构中,由于主动词的词汇意义关系,在主宾之后必须跟有状语,否则意义不明。例如:

The stranger laid his hand on my shoulder

They have put men on the moon

I am going to take him home

The train leaves Shanghai at seven.

因此,主状(SVOA)结构也可被看作另外一种句型,但这种结构也只涉及少数几个动词的某些用法,所以也不能算是主要的基本句型。

 1 主语+谓语+名词

 She is reading a novel.

 He is doing morning exercises.

   This factory makes machine tools.

 2.)主语+谓语+不定式

I want to help him.

常用此结构动词:attempt, dare, decide, desire, expect, hope, intend, learn, need, offer, pretend, promise,, refuse, want, wish

3.)主语+谓语+动名词:    I enjoy living here.

4 主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语(简称SVoO结构)

SVoO结构中,主动词是一些能带有双宾语的及物动词,如givesendtellbringlendbuyteachgetcalldoask等。通常间接宾语(Indirect Object)指人,直接宾语(Direct Object)指物。例如:

I have sent him some money.我已寄给他一些钱。

She told me the news about Paul.他告诉我有关保罗的消息。

They brought me a lot of books.他们带给我许多书。

He must get her something to eat.他必须弄点东西给她吃。

You have done me a favour.你帮了我一个忙。

Susan taught us English.苏珊教我们英语。

I am going to lend him my car.我打算把我的汽车借给他。

He bought me a new dictionary.他给我买了一本新词典。

They called him a taxi.他们给他叫辆出租汽车。

I gave them several lectures on linguistics.我给他们做了几次语言学讲座。

此句型中的谓语动词是带双宾语的及物动词。两个宾语中前一个为间接宾语,后一个为直接宾语。这类谓语动词除常见的give, bring, tell, send, leave, pass, read, write, take, show, teach, get等以外,还有以下一些:

    award  (授予),  lend(借),  rent (租), buy(买),

    pay (支付),hand(传递), recommend(推荐),save(节省)等。如:

    The new way saved us much time.     这个新方法省了我们不少时间。

    Could you do me a favor please?     你能帮帮我的忙吗?

    I paid the repairman fifty dollars.     我给了修理工50元。

    He ordered himself a soft drink.    他给自己要了一瓶软饮料。

    Mr. Smith lent me his car.     史密斯先生把他的车借给了我。

    I found him a new textbook.     我给他找了本新教科书。

    Can you spare me a few minutes of your valuable time?     我能占用你几分钟宝贵的时间吗?

    The president awarded him the first prize. 校长授予他一等奖。

5. 主语+谓语+ 宾语+宾补(简称SVOC结构)

此句型的谓语动词是可以带复合宾语的及物动词,也就是说,这些动词除了有一个直接宾语外,还要加上宾语补足语,句子的意义才能完整。宾语补足语可由名词、形容词、动词不定式、分词或介词短语充当。在宾语加宾语补足语构成的复合宾语中,宾语与它的补足语之间存在着逻辑上(即意义上)的主谓关系。这样的及物动词有相当数量,例如:

    appoint(任命),believe(相信),call(称), catch(发现),

    elect(选举),  feel感到), find(发现), like(希望),

    hear (听到),keep (保持), leave(听任),discover(发现),

    make (使),need (需要),prefer(宁愿),prove  (证明),

    see(看见), warn(警告)等。例如:

    They appointed Mr. White Minister of Foreign Affairs.     他们任命怀特先生为外交部长。

    The board of directors elected Charles president of the university. 董事会选举查尔斯为这所大学的校长。

    I found her rather difficult to work with.     我发现很难与她共事。

    She likes her guests to feel at home.     她希望客人不要拘束。

    I warned him not to be late.     我曾警告他不要迟到。

    My father saw him steal the money.     我父亲看见他偷钱。

    I prefer you to stay with us.     我跟更愿意你留下来和我们一起。

    You may leave the child in my care.     你可以把孩子交给我照管。

    The police discovered the check hidden under a pile of papers.

    The woman caught her husband reading her diary.     那位妇女发现她丈夫偷看她的日记。

    The shop assistant kept the customer waiting a very long time. 那个售货员让顾客等了很长时间。

We named our baby Tom.(名词)

He painted the wall white(形容词)

She always keeps everything in good order(介宾)

I wish you to stay.(不定式)

另:a)不定式带to的词:advice, allow, ask, beg, cause, command, decide, encourage, expect, force, get, hate, invite, like, love, order, permit, persuade, remain, request, tell, want, warn, wish等。

b)不定式不带to的词:feel, have, hear, know, let, listen to, look at, make, notice, see, watch等。

I heard my name called.(分词)

I feel something moving(分词)

 

 

一、主语  主语可以用下面这些东西表示:

  1. 名词;2. 代词; 3. 数词;4. 动名词;5. 不定式;6. 词组或复合结构;7. 从句;如:

  A foreign language is a weapon in the struggle of life.

  Who is speaking, please? This is Jack speaking.

  Two will be enough.

  Living in that island country for three months was an unforgetable experience for me.

  Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, happy and wise.

  Whether we’ll go depends on the weather.

  “A” is an article.

二、表语  表语可以用下面这些东西表示:

  1. 名词;2. 代词;3. 数词;4. 形容词;5. 分词;6. 动名词;7. 不定式;8. 副词;9. 介词短语;10. 词组;11. 从句,如:

  The masses are the real heroes.

  That’s something we have always to keep in mind.

  She was the first to learn about it.

  My idea is this.

  Time is pressing. Let’s hurry up.

  All I could do was send him a telegram.

  We must be off now.

  They are twice the size of chickens.

  My idea is that we should stick to our original plan.

三、宾语  宾语可以用下面这些东西表示:

  1. 名词;2. 代词;3. 数词;4. 动名词;5. 不定式;6. 复合结构;

7. 从句 如:

  She died a heroic death.

  They didn’t promise him anything definite.

  How many do you want?  We need two.

  Pay attention to uniting and working with comrades who differ with you.

  Learn to play the piano.

  I’ll get it stamped.

  Did you write down what she said?

四、状语  状语可以用下面这些东西表示:

  1. 副词;2. 介词短语;3. 不定式;4. 分词;5. 形容词;6. 词组;

  7. 复合结构;8. 从句,如:

  They were greatly touched to hear the old man’s story.  (副词)

  They did everything they could to save the boy’s life.  (不定式)

  I said it in fun.  (介词短语)

  They all rushed over, eager to help.  (形容词)

  They returned tired and hungry.  (形容词)

  We are working day and night … . (词组)

  He came up shouldering a spade.  (分词)

  We completed the work five days ahead of time.  (词组)

  Seeing this, some students became very worried.  (分词)

  He entered the room, his nose red with cold.  (复合结构

 

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