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恒星都是气态星球。晴朗无月的夜晚，且无光污染的地区，一般人用肉眼大约可以看到6000多颗恒星，借助于望远镜，则可以看到几十万乃至几百万颗以上。估计银河系中的恒星大约有1500-4000亿颗，我们所处的太阳系的主星太阳就是一颗恒星。 Stars are gaseous planets. On a clear night, and no light pollution in the area, the average person with the naked eye can see about more than 6 thousand stars, with the aid of a telescope, you can see hundreds of thousands or even millions of. The stars in the Milky Way estimation system about 1500-4000 billion stars, our sun is a star sun ruler.
恒星的两个重要的特征就是温度和绝对星等。大约100年前，丹麦的艾依纳尔·赫茨普龙（Einar Hertzsprung）和美国的享利·诺里斯·罗素（Henry Norris Russell ）各自绘制了查找温度和亮度之间是否有关系的图，这张关系图被称为赫罗图，或者H—R图。在H-R图中，大部分恒星构成了一个在天文学上称作主星序的对角线区域；在主星序中，恒星的绝对星等增加时， Two important characteristics of stars are temperature and absolute magnitude. About 100 years ago, Aiyinal Hertzsprung of Denmark and the United States Henry Norris Russell each drawing to find whether there is a relationship between the temperature and brightness of the diagram, this diagram is called a diagram, or H - R. In the H-R diagram, most stars form a called the main sequence in astronomy on the diagonal area; on the main sequence stars, absolute magnitude increase,  恒星的演变
其表面温度也随之增加。90%以上的恒星都属于主星序，太阳也是这些主星序中的一颗。巨星和超巨星处在H—R图的右侧较高较远的位置上；白矮星的表面温度虽然高，但亮度不大，所以他们只处在该图的中下方。 The surface temperature increases with the increase of. More than 90% stars belong to the main sequence, the sun is also the main sequence in a. The stars and the super stars in the R - H chart on the right side of the higher position; white dwarf surface temperature is high, but the brightness is not large, so they are only in the bottom of the figure. 恒星演化是一个恒星在其生命期内（发光与发热的期间）的连续变化。生命期则依照星体大小而有所不同。单一恒星的演化并没有办法完整观察，因为这些过程可能过于缓慢以致于难以察觉。因此天文学家利用观察许多处于不同生命阶段的恒星，并以计算机模型模拟恒星的演变。 Stellar evolution is a continuous change of a star during its lifetime (light emitting and heating). Life is different according to the size of the stars. The evolution of a single star is not fully observed, because these processes may be too slow to detect. So astronomers used to observe a lot of stars at different stages of life, and to simulate the evolution of stars in a computer model.
 恒星——赫罗图
天文学家赫茨普龙和哲学家罗素首先提出恒星分类与颜色和光度间的关系，建立了被称为“赫-罗图的”恒星演化关系，揭示了恒星演化的秘密。“赫-罗图”中，从左上方的高温和强光度区到右下的低温和弱光区是一个狭窄的恒星密集区，我们的太阳也在其中；这一序列被称为主星序，90%以上的恒星都集中于主星序内。在主星序区之上是巨星和超巨星区；左下为白矮星区。 Astronomer Hertzsprung and philosopher Russell first proposed the relationship between star classification and color and luminosity, and established the star evolution relation, which is called 'the map of he and Luo', revealing the secret of star evolution. 'The H-R diagram', from the top left of the high temperature and strong light area to the lower right of low temperature and weak light is a narrow dense star area, our sun is in this sequence is called; the main sequence, more than 90% of the stars are concentrated in the main sequence. On the main sequence is giant and supergiant stars; the lower left for white dwarf area. 天文学家经由观测恒星的光谱、光度和在空间中的运动，可以测量恒星的质量、年龄、金属量和许多其他的性质。恒星的总质量是决定恒星演化和最后命运的主要因素。其他特征，包括 直径、自转、运动和温度，都可以在演变的历史中进行测量。描述许多恒星的温度对光度关系的图，也就是赫罗图（HR图），可以测量恒星的年龄和演化的阶段。 Astronomers can measure the mass, age, amount of metal, and many other properties of a star by observing the spectra, luminosity, and motion of stars in space. The total mass of a star is a major factor in determining the evolution of stars and the final fate. Other features, including diameter, rotation, movement, and temperature, can be measured in the history of the evolution. Describe the temperature of a number of stars on the luminosity of the graph, which is HR (map), you can measure the age and evolution of the star stage. 恒星并非平均分布在星系之中，多数恒星会彼此受引力影响而形成聚星，如双星、三合星、甚至形成星团等由数万至数百万计的恒星组成的恒星集团。当两颗双星的轨道非常接近时，其引力作用或会对它们的演化产生重大的影响，例如一颗白矮星从它的伴星获得吸积盘气体成为新星。 The stars are not evenly distributed in the galaxy, most stars each influenced by gravity and the formation of stars, such as star, three stars, and even the formation of group star clusters etc. by the tens of thousands to millions of stars. When the two stars orbit very close, the gravitational effect or will have a significant impact on the evolution of them, such as a white dwarf star from its star to get gas become Nova accretion disk.
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