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强直性脊柱炎 （ankylosing spondylitis，AS） 是一种主要侵犯中轴关节的全身性、慢性、进行性炎性疾病。病变累及骶髂关节、脊柱和外周关节，以及眼、心、肺等多器官。典型病例 X 线片表现骶髂关节明显破坏，后期脊柱呈“竹节样”变化。 警告：请在有WIFI的场所观看视频，土豪请随意。 Ankylosing spondylitis is a form of arthritis that leads to pain and stiffness primarily in the joints of the spine, as well as affecting the ligaments and tendons. 强直性脊柱炎是首先引起脊柱关节疼痛和僵硬的一种关节炎，同时还会累及韧带和肌腱。 Ligaments and tendons are tough, resilient bands of connective tissue that form an intricate network throughout the bones in the spine—including the discs between the vertebrae. These ligaments and tendons provide both support and flexibility for the spine. 韧带和肌腱是坚韧有弹性的结缔组织，形成错综复杂的网络，包括椎体之间的椎间盘。这些韧带和肌腱为脊柱提供保护和柔韧性。 The points at which the ligaments or tendons attach to the bone is called the enthesis. Inflammation of the enthesis, known as enthesitis, is the foundation of the disease process of ankylosing spondylitis. 韧带和肌腱与骨相连点称为肌腱末端，肌腱末端的炎症，即大家所说的肌腱末端炎，是强直性脊柱炎疾病进展的基础。 This inflammation causes bone to erode at connection points with ligaments or tendons. The body's natural healing response causes new bone to grow at these connection points in a process called calcification. 这种炎症侵蚀与韧带和肌腱相连点的骨组织。人体自愈机制导致这些连接点新骨生成称为钙化。 It is this ongoing process of healing and repair following inflammation of the enthesis that eventually can lead to scarring of the tissues and extra bone formation. 肌腱止点炎症引起不断的愈合和修复实际上导致了组织疤痕及额外骨的形成。 Often the first symptom of ankylosing spondylitis is sacroiliitis, or inflammation of the sacroiliac joints at the base of the spine. 通常，强直性脊柱炎最初的症状是骶髂关节炎，即脊柱底部骶髂关节的炎症。 This inflammation can cause buttock pain that radiates into the thigh and/or diffuse lower back pain. The sacroiliac joints can eventually fuse together, limiting mobility. 这种炎症会引起臀部疼痛，并放射到大腿并弥散到腰部。骶髂关节最终会融合在一起，限制了活动。 The same process of inflammation and calcification can spread up the spine. 同样的炎症和钙化进展会扩散到脊柱。 It often occurs in the facet joints, which are small paired joints at the back of the spine. 病变常发生于关节突关节，即脊柱后方成对的小关节。 It can also occur at the costotransverse and costovertebral joints, where the ribs connect to the spine in the upper back. 病变还会发生于肋横突及肋椎关节，即肋骨与脊柱骨段处相连处。 The annulus fibrosus, the series of ligaments encasing the intervertebral discs, can also become calcified, causing spinal segments to fuse together partially or completely. 纤维环，将椎间盘包起来的一系列韧带，也会钙化，导致脊柱节段部分或完全融合在一起。 As this process spreads, the spine can become a single, inflexible unit. 当病变进展蔓延，脊柱会变成单一不能活动的整体。 The spine is meant to move, and with less mobility the spine is subject to stress fractures, especially at the junctions where new bone has formed, as this bone tends to be weaker. 脊柱是要活动的，当脊柱活动度减少时就易于发生应力性骨折，尤其在新骨形成的连接处，因为这种骨头较脆弱。 These stress fractures can lead to acute pain around the point of fracture. 这些应力性骨折会导致骨折处周围的急性疼痛。 In the thoracic region, the disease can lead to microfractures in the front of the vertebral body, leading to a shortening of the front of the spinal column and resulting in a hunched forward posture, called excessive kyphosis. In rare cases, this posture may crowd and impair major organs, such as the heart and lungs. 在胸段，病变会导致椎体前方的微骨折，使脊柱前柱的短缩，引起身体前倾驼背的姿势，称为过度后凸畸形。在少数病例，这种姿势会挤压损害主要器官，比如心脏和肺。 Ankylosing spondylitis may affect other areas of the body as well, such as the eye, or the joints of the Knee, foot, hip, and shoulder 强直性脊柱炎还会影响身体的其它部位，比如眼睛、膝关节、足、髋关节和肩关节等。 （胡佰文 译） 精彩视频魅力无限，收藏转发一起分享 您的每一次打开，都会有精彩的内容 您的每一次留言，都会有满意的答复 您的每一次点赞，都是对我们的肯定 您的每一次分享，都是对我们的鼓励 世界多姿多彩 感谢有您相伴 |
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