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【血吸虫】

血吸虫雌雄异体，生活史阶段包括成虫、虫卵、毛蚴、孢蚴、尾蚴、童虫等，成虫寄生于哺乳动物的靜脉血管内，幼虫在淡水螺体内发育，尾蚴为感染阶段。人体血吸虫主要有日本血吸虫、埃及血吸虫和曼氏血吸虫。尾蚴、童虫、成虫和虫卵均可对人体造成损害，但主要是虫卵。沉积于组织中的虫卵可引起肝、肠或膀胱及生殖器官（埃及血吸虫）的虫卵肉芽肿及纤维化，导致晚期血吸虫病。病原学检查是从粪便或尿液及组织中检获虫卵。防治主要以控制传染源为主的措施，加强健康教育，改变人们的行为和生产、生活方式对预防血吸虫感染具有重要作用。治疗药物为吡喹酮。

Human Schistosomes

The adult of Schistosome inhabits in thevein of mammalian. There are six series of schistosomes that parasitize humans.The Schistosomiasis induced byS.japonicum, S.mansoni and S.haematobium endemic widely and hasthe serious influence. In the infection stage of Schistosome, cercaria,schistosomulum, adult and egg can induce damage to the human bodies, however,the egg deposition in the liver induce the maximal damage. Eggs deposited inthe liver, intestine,bladder and reproductive organs (S. haematobium) can cause egg granuloma and fibrosis and result inchronic schistosomiasis. Human infection mainly results from exposure to thecontaminated water containing cercariae of Schistosoma. Eggs detected in thefeces, urine and tissue can make a definitive diagnosis. Control againstinfection of S. japonicum requires multiple efforts consistingof education, eliminating the disease from infected individuals, controllingthe vector, and providing a protective vaccine. Praziquantel isthe drug of choice to treat this disease.

Lifecycle of Schistosoma japonicum

Questions:

1. The parasitological examination methods ofchonorchiasis?The highest detecting rate method? The frequently-used method?

2. Briefly describe pulmonary lesion caused by P.westermani and clinical manifestation.

3. Briefly describe formation mechanism andcharacteristics of S.japanicumegg-granuloma.

4. Briefly describe the pathogenic stage of S.japonicum and corresponding lesionsand mechanism.

5. The parasitological examination methods of schistosomiasis?Which parasitological examination method should be taken to chronic patientsand advanced patients? Why?

6. According to the principles of prevention andtreatment of parasitic diseases, briefly describe the prevention and treatmentof schistosomiasis.

7. Which trematodes do not parasitize intestinaltract, but their eggs can be found in the faeces? Why?

8. Describe the epidemic factors and the epidemicsituation in our country of schistosomiasis.

Choice correct ananswer from A, B, C, D or E

1. The wrongdescription of the life cycle of trematodes is

A. havedefinitive host and reservoir host

B. larvaedevelop in aquatic animals or plants

C. larvaedeveloping to adult worms needs to molt

D. havephenomenon of digenesis and host replacement

E. do larvae proliferation

2. Which is notthe life cycle of trematodes

A. myracidium

B. sporocyst

C. redia

D. cercaria

E. cysticercus

3. In humanparasites,the smallest helminthic egg is

A. clonorchissinensis egg

B. paragonimuswestermani egg

C. schistosomajaponicum egg

D. fasciolopsisbuski egg

E. pagumogonimusskrjabini egg

4. Which trematode has furcae in the tail of cercaria

A.clonorchis sinensis

B.fasciolopsis buski

C.paragonimus westermani

D.P.skrjabini

E.schisstosoma japonicum

5. Which trematode egg does not have operculum

A.S.japonicum egg

B.C.sinensis egg

C.P.westermani egg

D.F.buski egg

E.P.skrjabini egg

6.The intermediate host of S.japonicumis

A.bithynia fuchsianus

B.planorbis caenosus

C.simisalcospira calculus

D.oncomelania

E.lymnaeidae

7.The life cycle stage of S.japonicum in the oncomelania

A.miracidium,sporocyst,redia,cercaria

B.miracidium,mother sporocyst,daughtersporocyst,cercaria

C.miracidium,sporocyst,mother redia,daughterredia,cercaria

D.miracidium,sporocyst,redia,cercaria,metacercaria

E.miracidium,mother sporocyst,daughtersporocyst,cercaria,metacercaria

8.The reservoir host of S.japonicum is

A.acute schistosomiasis patient

B.chronic schistosomiasis patient

C.cattle,rat and other mammals

D.chicken,duck and other poultry

E.none of above is

9.Adult worms of S.japonicum parasitize

A.liver

B.small intestine

C.mesenteric arteries

D.mesenteric veins

E.rectum,sigmoid colon

10.The main hazard of S.japonicum to human is due to eggs

A.mechanically obstruct blood vessels

B.as foreign body to stimulate inflammation ofsurrounding tissue

C.secret soluble egg antigen to form egg-granuloma

D.deposit in the tissue/organ,oppress surroundingtissue

E.after eggs die,surrounding tissue occur hypersensitivity

11.S.japonicumeggs mainly deposit in

A.liver

B.small intestinal wall

C.bladder tissue

D.colon wall

E.liver and colon wall

12.Human acquire S.japonicum infection by skincontacting

A.feaces of acute schistosomiasis patient

B.feaces of chronic schistosomiasis patient

C.blood of schistosomiasis patient

D.cercaria of S.japonicum in the water

E.miracidium of S.japonicum in the water

13.Circumoval precipitin test(COPD)is used todetect

A.fasciolopsiasis

B.paragonimiasis

C.schistosomiasis

D.helminthiasis

E.protozoiasis

14.Cirrhosis caused by S.japonicum is

A.stasis cirrhosis

B.necrotic cirrhosis

C.biliary cirrhosis

D.portal cirrhosis

E.none of above is

15.The immunity acquired after S.japonicuminfection can kill ( ) that enter the body again

A.the females

B.adult worms

C.schistosomula

D.eggs

E.none of above is