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Vol.238 所有你应该听的钢琴奏鸣曲都在这里 丨为艺志丨 -- 摘要 -- 首先我们要明确到底什么是“奏鸣曲”，奏鸣曲其实和奏鸣曲式是不一样的概念。我们经常看到的“XX调第X钢琴奏鸣曲”，在这个上下文当中，这里的奏鸣曲是一种体裁，就跟交响曲、协奏曲一样是体裁。就好像我们说一篇文章是诗、是小说、是散文、是杂文是一个性质。
而奏鸣曲式是更细化的描述，是讲的乐曲的具体结构，比方我们可以看到很多的交响曲、协奏曲的某个乐章是用的奏鸣曲式。就好像一篇散文，他可以是记叙文格式，也可以是议论文格式。体裁是更宏观的结构，曲式则是更微观的结构，英文上体裁是“Genre”，曲式是“Form”，直接翻译叫“类别”和“形式”。
奏鸣曲曲式要详细讲解其实套路蛮多的，各种变化。总的来说简单粗暴地来说就跟写议论文差不多。议论文的结构一般分为三个部分，首先要摆出论点，然后提出几个论据，最后是重现观点进行总结。奏鸣曲基本一个样，也是三个部分，第一个叫做呈示部，就是乐曲的主题，第二个部分叫展开部，就是在主题的基础上进行展开，通常都要转个调，最后一个部分叫再现部，就是把主题再次搬出来，或者换个形式搬出来。
所以说简单地理解奏鸣曲式是一个很有逻辑的音乐形式。然而我们经常简单的好几个乐章的奏鸣曲，其实基本只有第一个乐章是奏鸣曲式，这也就是为什么斯卡拉蒂那么多所谓奏鸣曲是没有多乐章的，就只有单乐章的小音乐。
今天在这里，小编把作为一个古典音乐入门爱好者，应该熟悉的钢琴奏鸣曲放在这里。当然这只是小编根据自己多年经验的总结，远远不是全部，只是应该都熟悉的作品。大家多多转发，造福社会。 -- 斯卡拉蒂 -- 斯卡拉蒂几乎是钢琴奏鸣曲的鼻祖了，写了500多首，这些作品其实很大一部分是写给当时他担任教师的公主（后来加到西班牙去那位）的家庭作业，只是为了帮助公主练琴。这里挑选最经典的几首。 Scarlatti Sonata  Scarlatti Sonata in E Major, K. 20 Alessandra Ammara - 2001 Van Cliburn International Piano Competition Preliminary Round   Scarlatti Sonata in D minor, K. 9 Maxim Manioukov - 2001 Van Cliburn International Piano Competition Preliminary Round  Piano Sonata K 87 in B Minor Clara Haskil - Scarlatti : 11 Sonatas - Schubert : Piano Sonata No. 21 D. 960  Sonata in G Minor, K. 450 Christian Zacharias - Scarlatti: Piano Sonatas  Keyboard Sonata in E Major, K. 380 Dinu Lipatti - Domenico Scarlatti: Piano Works -- 海顿 -- 海顿爸爸写过好多好多的键盘奏鸣曲，因为那个时候还没有我们现代意义上的钢琴，所以用键盘奏鸣曲是比较保险和统一的说法。但是由于小编才疏学浅，对海顿的奏鸣曲没有熟悉到对贝多芬奏鸣曲的熟悉程度，所以就只挑比较有名的推荐。
C大调奏鸣曲，郎朗在卡内基初次登台的时候的曲目，应该也是海顿钢琴奏鸣曲当中最广为人知的一首。 Haydn, Piano Sonata in C major, Hob XVI: 50  I. Allegro 郎朗 - The Vienna Album II. Adagio 郎朗 - The Vienna Album III. Allegro molto 郎朗 - The Vienna Album 这是一首两个乐章的奏鸣曲，因为第一乐章就是个慢乐章所以就不用快慢快了，这是海顿的晚期奏鸣曲，我选它是因为音乐第一乐章的旋律完全就是“婚礼进行曲”嘛，门德尔松的婚礼进行曲是碰巧雷同呢还是借鉴呢？ Haydn, Piano Sonata in D major, Hob.XVI:42 Sonata in D Major, Hob.XVI: 42: I. Andante con espressione Glenn Gould - Glenn Gould plays Haydn: 6 Late Piano Sonatas - Hob. XVI Nos. 42 & 48-52; No. 49 (Recordings of 1958 & 1981) II. Vivace assai Glenn Gould - Haydn: Six Late Piano Sonatas 再选一首我比较熟悉的奏鸣曲，入选原因真的就是演出频率比较高啊，海顿写了那么多奏鸣曲，还是存在感不够高，算是给莫扎特铺路了吧。 Haydn, Piano Sonata in E Flat, H.XVI:52 Haydn: Piano Sonata in E flat, H.XVI No.52 - 1. Allegro Sviatoslav Richter - Richter plays Haydn/Weber/Beethoven Haydn: Piano Sonata in E flat, H.XVI No.52 - 2. Adagio Sviatoslav Richter - Richter plays Haydn/Weber/Beethoven Haydn: Piano Sonata in E flat, H.XVI No.52 - 3. Finale (Presto) Sviatoslav Richter - Richter plays Haydn/Weber/Beethoven -- 莫扎特 -- 莫扎特的钢琴奏鸣曲有十八首，其中有一半都是经典必听。
a小调第八钢琴奏鸣曲，K.310写作的时期刚好赶上莫扎特母亲去世，所以难得有小调作品，很是经典。 Mozart, Piano Sonata No.8 in a minor, K.310 Mozart: Piano Sonata No.8 in A minor, K.310 - 1. Allegro maestoso Wilhelm Kempff - Mozart: Piano Sonatas Mozart: Piano Sonata No.8 in A minor, K.310 - 2. Andante cantabile con espressione Wilhelm Kempff - Mozart: Piano Sonatas Mozart: Piano Sonata No.8 in A minor, K.310 - 3. Presto Wilhelm Kempff - Mozart: Piano Sonatas 如果要我选，第十奏鸣曲K330才是最出名的莫扎特钢琴奏鸣曲。 Mozart, Piano Sonata No.10 in C major, K.330 Piano Sonata No. 10 In C Major, K.330: I. Allegro moderato Wilhelm Backhaus - Mozart Piano Concerto No. 27 Piano Sonata No. 10 In C Major, K.330: II. Andante cantabile Wilhelm Backhaus - Mozart Piano Concerto No. 27 Piano Sonata No. 10 In C Major, K.330: III. Allegretto Wilhelm Backhaus - Mozart Piano Concerto No. 27 莫扎特第11钢琴奏鸣曲的第一乐章是一首变奏曲，但是你可能万万没想到，莫扎特几乎最著名的《土耳其进行曲》是这首作品的第三乐章。 Mozart, Piano Sonata No.11 in A, K.331 Mozart: Piano Sonata No. 11 in A, K. 331 "Alla Turca": I. Tema (Andante grazioso) con variazioni 内田光子 - Mozart for Mums, Volume 2 - EP Mozart: Piano Sonata No.11 in A, K.331 "Alla Turca" - 2. Menuetto 内田光子 - Mozart: Piano Sonatas Nos.8, 11 & 12 Mozart: Piano Sonata No.11 in A, K.331 "Alla Turca" - 3. Alla turca (Allegretto) 内田光子 - Mozart: Piano Sonatas Nos.8, 11 & 12 第十二反而是我觉得莫扎特比较诡异的一首作品。 Mozart, Piano Sonata no.12 in F, K.332 Piano Sonata No.12 in F, K.332: 1st Movement: Allegro Walter Gieseking - Mozart Piano Sonatas 1-13 Piano Sonata No.12 in F, K.332: 2nd Movement: Adagio Walter Gieseking - Mozart Piano Sonatas 1-13 Piano Sonata No.12 in F, K.332: 3rd Movement: Allegro assai Walter Gieseking - Mozart Piano Sonatas 1-13 Mozart, Piano Sonata No.13 in C, K.333 I. Allegro András Schiff - Mozart: Piano Sonatas K.331, 332 & 333 II. Andante cantabile András Schiff - Mozart: Piano Sonatas K.331, 332 & 333 III. Allegretto grazioso András Schiff - Mozart: Piano Sonatas K.331, 332 & 333 第14号钢琴奏鸣曲又是一首少见的莫扎特的小调作品 Mozart, Piano Sonata No.14 in c minor, K.457 Piano Sonata No. 14 in C Minor, K. 457: I. Allegro Paul Badura-Skoda - Mozart: Les sonates pour le forte-piano sur instrument d'époque, Vol. 4 Piano Sonata No. 14 in C Minor, K. 457: II. Adagio Paul Badura-Skoda - Mozart: Les sonates pour le forte-piano sur instrument d'époque, Vol. 4 Piano Sonata No. 14 in C Minor, K. 457: III. Allegro assai Gy?rgy Kukorelly - Mozart: Sonatas, K. 283, K. 457, K. 545 - Menuetto, K. 355 - Adagio, K. 540 - Alla Turca, K. 331 - Andante cantabile, K. 333 当然，出名程度上，第16号可能跟第10号差不多。 Mozart, Piano Sonata No.16 in C major, K.545 Piano Sonata No. 16 in C, K.545: I. Allegro Daniel Barenboim - Mozart: Piano Concertos Nos. 20 & 24 Piano Sonata No. 16 in C, K.545: II. Andante Daniel Barenboim - Mozart: Complete Piano Sonatas and Variations Piano Sonata No. 16 in C, K.545: III. Rondo (Allegretto) Daniel Barenboim - Mozart: Piano Concertos Nos. 20 & 24 第十八号倒是不长，第一乐章是莫扎特很少写的复调，有说法是晚期的莫扎特试图用多写复调来展示自己不比巴赫差。 Mozart, Piano Sonata No.18 in D major, K.576 1. Allegro Mitsuko Uchida - Mozart: Piano Sonatas Nos. 1, 14 & 18; Fantasia In C Minor 2. Adagio Mitsuko Uchida - Mozart: Piano Sonatas Nos. 1, 14 & 18; Fantasia In C Minor 3. Allegretto Mitsuko Uchida - Mozart: Piano Sonatas Nos. 1, 14 & 18; Fantasia In C Minor 莫扎特还有一首非常经典的双钢琴奏鸣曲，也是要熟到可以如数家珍的作品！ I. Allegro con spirito Murray Perahia;Radu Lupu - Mozart: Sonata in D Major for Two Pianos, K. 448; Schubert: Fantasia in F minor for Piano, Four Hands, D. 940 (Op. 103) II. Andante Murray Perahia;Radu Lupu - Mozart: Sonata in D Major for Two Pianos, K. 448; Schubert: Fantasia in F minor for Piano, Four Hands, D. 940 (Op. 103) III. Allegro molto Murray Perahia;Radu Lupu - Mozart: Sonata in D Major for Two Pianos, K. 448; Schubert: Fantasia in F minor for Piano, Four Hands, D. 940 (Op. 103) -- 韦伯 -- 卡尔·玛利亚·冯·韦伯，跟贝多芬差不多的时期，写歌剧挺多，德国人。钢琴奏鸣曲应该写了四部，这里推荐第二部，演出的相对频繁一些。 Weber, Piano Sonata No.2 in A-Flat Major, Op.39 Piano Sonata No.2 in A-Flat Major, J. 199, Op. 39: I. Allegro con spirito ed assai legato(Live) Emil Gilels - Audience Recording: Emil Gilels Recital, Rome 1969 (Live) Piano Sonata No.2 in A-Flat Major, J. 199, Op. 39: II. Andante - Ben tenuto(Live) Emil Gilels - Audience Recording: Emil Gilels Recital, Rome 1969 (Live) Piano Sonata No.2 in A-Flat Major, J. 199, Op. 39: III. Menuetto capriccioso - Presto assai(Live) Emil Gilels - Audience Recording: Emil Gilels Recital, Rome 1969 (Live) Piano Sonata No.2 in A-Flat Major, J. 199, Op. 39: IV. Rondo - Moderato e molto grazioso(Live) Emil Gilels - Audience Recording: Emil Gilels Recital, Rome 1969 (Live) -- 贝多芬 -- 又要面对贝祖的32首钢琴奏鸣曲了，我觉得贝祖的32首钢琴奏鸣曲是钢琴里的新约圣经，旧约自然是巴赫的全部平均律作品。32首里面经典的实在太多，这里推荐必须要非常熟悉的几首。我是说真的，非常熟悉。我觉得我这辈子也就练贝祖的钢琴奏鸣曲有动力了。
贝多芬的Op.2是三首钢琴奏鸣曲连在一起，说明贝多芬很实在，经常写了好几个一起出版，真是不灌水的好同学！第一号奏鸣曲第一乐章是九级考级曲。 Beethoven, Piano Sonata No.1 in f minor, Op.2 No.1 Beethoven: Piano Sonata No.1 In F Minor, Op.2 No.1 - 1. Allegro Maurizio Pollini - Beethoven: Complete Piano Sonatas Beethoven: Piano Sonata No.1 In F Minor, Op.2 No.1 - 2. Adagio Maurizio Pollini - Beethoven: Complete Piano Sonatas Beethoven: Piano Sonata No.1 In F Minor, Op.2 No.1 - 3. Menuetto (Allegretto) Maurizio Pollini - Beethoven: Complete Piano Sonatas Beethoven: Piano Sonata No.1 In F Minor, Op.2 No.1 - 4. Prestissimo Maurizio Pollini - Beethoven: Complete Piano Sonatas Beethoven, Piano Sonata No.3 in C major, Op.2 No.3 Piano Sonata No.3 in C major Op.2 No.3 : I Allegro con brio Rudolf Buchbinder - Beethoven : The Complete Works for Solo Piano Piano Sonata No.3 in C major Op.2 No.3 : II Adagio Rudolf Buchbinder - Beethoven : The Complete Works for Solo Piano Piano Sonata No.3 in C major Op.2 No.3 : III Scherzo - Allegro Rudolf Buchbinder - Beethoven : The Complete Works for Solo Piano Piano Sonata No.3 in C major Op.2 No.3 : IV Allegro assai Rudolf Buchbinder - Beethoven : The Complete Works for Solo Piano Beethoven, Piano Sonata No.7 in D, Op.10 No.3 Beethoven: Piano Sonata No.7 in D, Op.10 No.3 - 1. Maurizio Pollini - Beethoven: Piano Sonatas Nos. 5-7, Op. 10 Nos. 1-3 & No.8, Op.13 Beethoven: Piano Sonata No.7 in D, Op.10 No.3 - 2. Maurizio Pollini - Beethoven: Piano Sonatas Nos. 5-7, Op. 10 Nos. 1-3 & No.8, Op.13 Beethoven: Piano Sonata No.7 in D, Op.10 No.3 - 3. Maurizio Pollini - Beethoven: Piano Sonatas Nos. 5-7, Op. 10 Nos. 1-3 & No.8, Op.13 Beethoven: Piano Sonata No.7 in D, Op.10 No.3 - 4. Maurizio Pollini - Beethoven: Piano Sonatas Nos. 5-7, Op. 10 Nos. 1-3 & No.8, Op.13 第八奏鸣曲“悲怆”是贝多芬最出名的三大奏鸣曲之一，虽然我觉得这三大成就并非最高。 Beethoven, Piano Sonata No.8 in c minor, "Pathetique", Op.13 Beethoven: Piano Sonata No.8 In C Minor, Op.13 -"Pathétique" - 1. Grave - Allegro di molto e con brio Maurizio Pollini - Beethoven: Favourite Piano Sonatas - Pathétique; Moonlight; Tempest; Waldstein; Appassionata; Les Adieux Beethoven: Piano Sonata No.8 In C Minor, Op.13 -"Pathétique" - 2. Adagio cantabile Maurizio Pollini - Beethoven: Favourite Piano Sonatas - Pathétique; Moonlight; Tempest; Waldstein; Appassionata; Les Adieux Beethoven: Piano Sonata No.8 In C Minor, Op.13 -"Pathétique" - 3. Rondo (Allegro) Maurizio Pollini - Beethoven: Favourite Piano Sonatas - Pathétique; Moonlight; Tempest; Waldstein; Appassionata; Les Adieux 接下来就应该是贝多芬奏鸣曲里最出名的“月光”奏鸣曲了，还有小时候教材里说的贝多芬为盲女演奏的故事，我坚决相信这个故事一定是扯淡的。 Beethoven, Piano Sonata No.14 in c sharp minor, "Moonlight", Op.27 No.2 Piano Sonata No. 14 in C sharp minor Op. 27 No. 2 "Moonlight": Adagio sostenuto Stephen Kovacevich - Beethoven: Popular Piano Sonatas Piano Sonata No. 14 in C sharp minor Op. 27 No. 2 "Moonlight": Allegretto Stephen Kovacevich - Beethoven: Popular Piano Sonatas Piano Sonata No. 14 in C sharp minor Op. 27 No. 2 "Moonlight": Presto agitato Stephen Kovacevich - Beethoven: Popular Piano Sonatas 第十五钢琴奏鸣曲的标题叫“田园”，但是老实说感觉跟月光比差远了。 Beethoven, Piano Sonata No.15 in D major, "Pastorale", Op.28 Beethoven: Piano Sonata No.15 In D, Op.28 -"Pastorale" - 1. Allegro Maurizio Pollini - Beethoven: Complete Piano Sonatas Beethoven: Piano Sonata No.15 In D, Op.28 -"Pastorale" - 2. Andante Maurizio Pollini - Beethoven: Complete Piano Sonatas Beethoven: Piano Sonata No.15 In D, Op.28 -"Pastorale" - 3. Scherzo. Allegro vivace Maurizio Pollini - Beethoven: Complete Piano Sonatas Beethoven: Piano Sonata No.15 In D, Op.28 -"Pastorale" - 4. Rondo. Allegro ma non troppo Maurizio Pollini - Beethoven: Complete Piano Sonatas 第十七奏鸣曲“暴风雨”，第三乐章开头很像献给爱丽丝，所以我觉得其实还比较Cliche。 Beethoven, Piano Sonata No.17 in d minor, "Tempest", Op.31 No.2 Beethoven: Piano Sonata No.17 in D minor, Op.31 No.2 -"Tempest" - 1. Largo - Allegro Maurizio Pollini - Beethoven: Favourite Piano Sonatas - Pathétique; Moonlight; Tempest; Waldstein; Appassionata; Les Adieux Beethoven: Piano Sonata No.17 in D minor, Op.31 No.2 -"Tempest" - 2. Adagio Maurizio Pollini - Beethoven: Favourite Piano Sonatas - Pathétique; Moonlight; Tempest; Waldstein; Appassionata; Les Adieux Beethoven: Piano Sonata No.17 in D minor, Op.31 No.2 -"Tempest" - 3. Allegretto Maurizio Pollini - Beethoven: Favourite Piano Sonatas - Pathétique; Moonlight; Tempest; Waldstein; Appassionata; Les Adieux 接下来我们来到了贝多芬中期奏鸣曲，第二十一奏鸣曲“华尔斯坦”，是奏鸣曲上大创新的革命性尝试。一般来说奏鸣曲的发展部转调都是转属调，“华尔斯坦”则是由C转到了E。21奏鸣曲也有名字叫做“黎明”。 Beethoven, Piano Sonata No.21 in C major, Op.53 Piano Sonata No. 21 in C Major, Op. 53 - "Waldstein": I. Allegro con brio Wilhelm Backhaus;London Philharmonic Orchestra - Beethoven: Piano Sonata No. 21 - Hāndel: Organ Concertos Nos. 13 & 16, et. al Piano Sonata No. 21 in C Major, Op. 53 - "Waldstein": II. Adagio molto Wilhelm Backhaus;London Philharmonic Orchestra - Beethoven: Piano Sonata No. 21 - Hāndel: Organ Concertos Nos. 13 & 16, et. al Piano Sonata No. 21 in C Major, Op. 53 - "Waldstein": III. Rondo, Allegretto moderato, Prestissimo Wilhelm Backhaus;London Philharmonic Orchestra - Beethoven: Piano Sonata No. 21 - Hāndel: Organ Concertos Nos. 13 & 16, et. al 仅次于月光的，出名的贝多芬奏鸣曲应该就是“热情”奏鸣曲了 。 Beethoven, Piano Sonata No.23 in f minor, "Appassionata" Op.57
Beethoven: Piano Sonata No.23 in F minor, Op.57 -"Appassionata" - 1. Allegro assai Alfred Brendel - Beethoven: Piano Concerto No.5; Piano Sonata Op.57, "Appassionata" Beethoven: Piano Sonata No.23 in F minor, Op.57 -"Appassionata" - 2. Andante con moto Alfred Brendel - Beethoven: Piano Concerto No.5; Piano Sonata Op.57, "Appassionata" Beethoven: Piano Sonata No.23 in F minor, Op.57 -"Appassionata" - 3. Allegro ma non troppo Alfred Brendel - Beethoven: Piano Concerto No.5; Piano Sonata Op.57, "Appassionata" 其实第22、24、25、27这几首奏鸣曲我个人很喜欢，但是感觉要求入门爱好者都熟悉还是有点过分了，所以这几首就先不放。
第26号“离别”，是我认为贝多芬最怪的奏鸣曲，旋律很别扭，可能是要表现离愁别绪有意为之。 Beethoven, Piano Sonata No.26 in E-Flat major, "Les Adieux", Op.81a Piano Sonata No. 26 ('Les Adieux') in E-Flat Major, Op. 81a: I. Adagio Allegro Solomon;Herbert Menges - Solomon: Master Pianist Piano Sonata No. 26 ('Les Adieux') in E-Flat Major, Op. 81a: II. L'absence Andante Espressivo Solomon;Herbert Menges - Solomon: Master Pianist Piano Sonata No. 26 ('Les Adieux') in E-Flat Major, Op. 81a: III. Le Retour Vivacissimamente Poco Andante Solomon;Herbert Menges - Solomon: Master Pianist 来到了第28号奏鸣曲，我们就进入了贝多芬晚期奏鸣曲的行列。不是我夸张，我认为贝多芬晚期的五首奏鸣曲代表了整个钢琴艺术最为登峰造极的高峰，没有之一。是最优秀最优秀的钢琴作品！
第28奏鸣曲，据说是贝多芬听到自己家里的女佣在唱歌，家乡的民歌小调，于是基于这个旋律写成了这部作品。 Beethoven, Piano Sonata No.28 in A major, Op.101 I. Etwas lebhaft und mit der innigsten Empfindung - Allegretto ma non troppo Alfred Brendel - Beethoven: The Late Piano Sonatas II. Lebhaft, marschm??ig - Vivace alla marcia Alfred Brendel - Beethoven: The Late Piano Sonatas III. Langsam und sehnsuchtsvoll - Adagio ma non troppo, con affetto Alfred Brendel - Beethoven: The Late Piano Sonatas IV. Geschwind, doch nicht zu sehr und mit Entschlossenheit - Allegro Alfred Brendel - Beethoven: The Late Piano Sonatas 第二十九奏鸣曲，俗称“大锤子”，是贝多芬为新型的击弦型钢琴所作的奏鸣曲。应该是贝多芬最长的奏鸣曲，每个乐章都很庞大，甚至可以在这首曲子的结构上看到第九交响曲的影子。我跟张昊辰聊天的时候，他告诉他觉得“大锤子”是贝多芬难度最高的奏鸣曲。 Beethoven, Piano Sonata No.29 in B flat major, Op.106 I. Allegro Grigory Sokolov - Beethoven: Piano Sonata No. 29, Op. 106 II. Scherzo. Assai vivace Grigory Sokolov - Beethoven: Piano Sonata No. 29, Op. 106 III. Adagio sostenuto. Appassionato e con molto sentimento Grigory Sokolov - Beethoven: Piano Sonata No. 29, Op. 106 IV. Largo - Intermezzo. Allegro risoluto - Fuga a 3 voci, con alcune licenze Grigory Sokolov - Beethoven: Piano Sonata No. 29, Op. 106 第三十号奏鸣曲，第一乐章是贝多芬难得的甜美到让人想起D大调卡农的曲子，第二乐章的运动感让人激动，第三乐章的变奏曲让人感叹贝祖想象力之丰富。 Beethoven, Piano Sonata No.30 in E major, Op.109 I. Vivace, ma non troppo Rudolf Serkin - Beethoven: Piano Sonatas No. 8 "Pathétique"; No. 14 "Moonlight"; No. 23 "Appassionata" & No. 30 [Rudolf Serkin - The Art of Interpretation] II. Prestissimo Rudolf Serkin - Beethoven: Piano Sonatas No. 8 "Pathétique"; No. 14 "Moonlight"; No. 23 "Appassionata" & No. 30 [Rudolf Serkin - The Art of Interpretation] III. Gesangvoll, mit innigser Empfindung. Andante molto cantabile ed espressivo Rudolf Serkin - Beethoven: Piano Sonatas No. 8 "Pathétique"; No. 14 "Moonlight"; No. 23 "Appassionata" & No. 30 [Rudolf Serkin - The Art of Interpretation] 第三十一号奏鸣曲写在圣诞节，整个第四乐章是描绘耶稣从钉死十字架到复活。个人认为这是贝多芬最丰富的奏鸣曲，如歌的第一乐章，摇滚乐一般的第二乐章，悲悯的第三乐章，第四乐章是一首大赋格！用赋格赞美耶稣的复活，也应该是32首奏鸣曲里唯一一段赋格。当然其实第三和第四乐章一起成为第三乐章，这样的分法可能更有道理。 I. Moderato cantabile molto espressivo Alfred Brendel - Beethoven: The Late Piano Sonatas II. Allegro molto Alfred Brendel - Beethoven: The Late Piano Sonatas IIIa. Adagio ma non troppo Alfred Brendel - Beethoven: The Late Piano Sonatas IIIb. Fuga - Allegro ma non troppo Alfred Brendel - Beethoven: The Late Piano Sonatas
贝多芬最后的钢琴奏鸣曲，想象力很惊人，只有两个乐章，第二乐章虽然不是变奏曲，但是明显是在最简单的旋律上进行展开，中途居然出现了爵士乐感觉的地方，甚至还有段落让我想到了迪士尼的动画片插曲，所以说贝多芬的音乐影响的甚至不是他的下一辈，而是影响了200年以后的20世纪的音乐家。 Beethoven: Piano Sonata No.32 in C minor, Op.111 - 1. Maestoso - Allegro con brio ed appassionato Stephen Kovacevich - Beethoven: The Piano Concertos; Diabelli Variations; Bagatelles; 8 Sonatas (feat. London Symphony Orchestra , BBC Symphony Orchestra & Stephen Kovacevich) Beethoven: Piano Sonata No.32 in C minor, Op.111 - 2. Arietta (Adagio molto semplice e cantabile) Stephen Kovacevich - Beethoven: The Piano Concertos; Diabelli Variations; Bagatelles; 8 Sonatas (feat. London Symphony Orchestra , BBC Symphony Orchestra & Stephen Kovacevich) -- 舒伯特 -- 舒伯特的钢琴奏鸣曲有21首，第21号钢琴奏鸣曲D960也是舒伯特的最后一部作品。这里推荐四首。因为其他熟悉的不多，远远没有对贝多芬的作品那么熟悉，但是这四首应该也是最经典的。
a小调第十六钢琴奏鸣曲，《交响情人梦》里野田妹参赛第一首曲子，就是这首。 Schubert, Piano Sonata No.16 in a minor, D.845 Schubert: Piano Sonata No.16 In A Minor, D.845 - 1. Moderato Maurizio Pollini - Schubert: Piano Sonata D845 / Schumann: Piano Sonata Op.11 Schubert: Piano Sonata No.16 In A Minor, D.845 - 2. Andante, poco mosso Maurizio Pollini - Schubert: Piano Sonata D845 / Schumann: Piano Sonata Op.11 Schubert: Piano Sonata No.16 In A Minor, D.845 - 3. Scherzo (Allegro vivace) - Trio (Un poco più lento) Maurizio Pollini - Schubert: Piano Sonata D845 / Schumann: Piano Sonata Op.11 Schubert: Piano Sonata No.16 In A Minor, D.845 - 4. Rondo Maurizio Pollini - Schubert: Piano Sonata D845 / Schumann: Piano Sonata Op.11 舒伯特最后三首作品就是三首奏鸣曲，也都是登峰造极之作。第19，开头听上去跟贝多芬的第八一个样，也有人说舒伯特最后的作品是要挑战贝多芬。我觉得这帮人太不了解舒伯特了，明显应该是致敬贝多芬才对！ Schubert, Piano Sonata No.19 in c minor, D.958 Schubert: Piano Sonata No.19 in C minor, D.958 - 1. Allegro 内田光子 - Schubert: Piano Sonatas D958 & D959 Schubert: Piano Sonata No.19 in C minor, D.958 - 2. Adagio 内田光子 - Schubert: Piano Sonatas D958 & D959 Schubert: Piano Sonata No.19 in C minor, D.958 - 3. Menuetto (Allegro) 内田光子 - Schubert: Piano Sonatas D958 & D959 Schubert: Piano Sonata No.19 in C minor, D.958 - 4. Allegro 内田光子 - Schubert: Piano Sonatas D958 & D959 Schuebrt, Piano Sonata No.20 in A major, D.959 Schubert: Piano Sonata No.20 in A, D.959 - 1. Allegro Vladimir Ashkenazy - Schubert: Sonata in A, D959/4 Impromptus Schubert: Piano Sonata No.20 in A, D.959 - 2. Andantino Vladimir Ashkenazy - Schubert: Sonata in A, D959/4 Impromptus  Schubert: Piano Sonata No.20 in A, D.959 - 3. Scherzo Vladimir Ashkenazy - Schubert: Sonata in A, D959/4 Impromptus Schubert: Piano Sonata No.20 in A, D.959 - 4. Rondo (Allegretto) Vladimir Ashkenazy - Schubert: Sonata in A, D959/4 Impromptus 舒伯特的天鹅之歌，人世间最大的安慰的声音，莫过于此。 Schubert, Piano Sonata No.21 in B-flat major, D.960  I. Molto moderato Rudolf Serkin - Schubert: Piano Sonata, D. 960; Piano Sonata, D. 840 "Relequie" [Rudolf Serkin - The Art of Interpretation] II. Andante sostenuto Rudolf Serkin - Schubert: Piano Sonata, D. 960; Piano Sonata, D. 840 "Relequie" [Rudolf Serkin - The Art of Interpretation] III. Scherzo - Allegro vivace con delicatezza - Trio Rudolf Serkin - Schubert: Piano Sonata, D. 960; Piano Sonata, D. 840 "Relequie" [Rudolf Serkin - The Art of Interpretation] IV. Allegro, ma non troppo Rudolf Serkin - Schubert: Piano Sonata, D. 960; Piano Sonata, D. 840 "Relequie" [Rudolf Serkin - The Art of Interpretation] -- 门德尔松 -- 门德尔松写三个钢琴奏鸣曲，但说实话，实在没有太大的存在感，但是门德尔松的旋律总是很好的，到此一游地听一下还是很有必要的。推荐后两首，第一首太早期还很稚嫩。不过说实话就算他的晚期奏鸣曲那两首，感觉贝祖随便一个早期奏鸣曲就秒杀了的样子。 Mendelssohn, Piano Sonata in g minor, Op.105
 Sonata in G minor, Op. 105: I. Allegro Frederic Chiu - Mendelssohn: Piano Sonatas Sonata in G minor, Op. 105: II. Adagio (Cantabile e lento) Frederic Chiu - Mendelssohn: Piano Sonatas Sonata in G minor, Op. 105: III. Presto Frederic Chiu - Mendelssohn: Piano Sonatas Mendelssohn, Piano Sonata in B-flat major, Op.106
Sonata in B-flat major, Op. 106: I. Allegro Vivace Frederic Chiu - Mendelssohn: Piano Sonatas Sonata in B-flat major, Op. 106: II. Scherzo: Allegro non troppo Frederic Chiu - Mendelssohn: Piano Sonatas Sonata in B-flat major, Op. 106: III. Andante quasi Allegretto Frederic Chiu - Mendelssohn: Piano Sonatas Sonata in B-flat major, Op. 106: IV. Allegro moderato Frederic Chiu - Mendelssohn: Piano Sonatas -- 舒曼 -- 舒曼的三首奏鸣曲非常优秀非常经典，一定要听熟！ Schumann, Piano Sonata No.1 in f sharp minor, Op.11  Schumann: Piano Sonata No.1 in F sharp minor, Op.11 - 1. Introduzione [Un poco adagio - Allegro vivace - Più lento] Vladimir Ashkenazy - Schumann: Piano Music Schumann: Piano Sonata No.1 in F sharp minor, Op.11 - 2. Aria Vladimir Ashkenazy - Schumann: Piano Music Schumann: Piano Sonata No.1 in F sharp minor, Op.11 - 3. Scherzo (Allegrissimo) ed Intermezzo Vladimir Ashkenazy - Schumann: Piano Music Schumann: Piano Sonata No.1 in F sharp minor, Op.11 - 4. Finale (Allegro un poco maestoso - Più allegro) Vladimir Ashkenazy - Schumann: Piano Music 我觉得贝多芬之后交响曲和奏鸣曲的数量都不是特别庞大是有原因的，因为被贝祖挖掘完了要，后人要创新只能用别的曲式了。 Schumann, Piano Sonata No.2 in g minor, Op.22 Schumann: Piano Sonata No.2 in G minor, Op.22 - 1. So rasch wie m?glich - Schneller - Noch schneller Vladimir Ashkenazy - Schumann: Piano Music Schumann: Piano Sonata No.2 in G minor, Op.22 - 2. Andantino Vladimir Ashkenazy - Schumann: Piano Music Schumann: Piano Sonata No.2 in G minor, Op.22 - 3. Scherzo [Sehr rasch und markiert] Vladimir Ashkenazy - Schumann: Piano Music Schumann: Piano Sonata No.2 in G minor, Op.22 - 4. Rondo [Presto - Etwas langsamer - Prestissimo, quasi cadenza - Immer schneller und schneller] Vladimir Ashkenazy - Schumann: Piano Music 还有一个第三奏鸣曲，只是编号居然比第二靠后，而且标题是“没有乐团的协奏曲”，这首曲子是舒曼罕见的规模宏大，华丽的作品。
Schumann, Piano Sonata No.3 in f minor, Op.14  Piano Sonata No.3 in F Minor, Op.14 'concerto Without Orchestra' - Allegro David Kadouch - Schumann, Concerto Without Orchestra, Op. 14; Piano Quintet, Op. 44 Piano Sonata No.3 in F Minor, Op.14 'concerto Without Orchestra' - Scherzo David Kadouch - Schumann, Concerto Without Orchestra, Op. 14; Piano Quintet, Op. 44 Piano Sonata No.3 in F Minor, Op.14 'concerto Without Orchestra' - Quasi Variazioni: Andantino De Clara Wieck David Kadouch - Schumann, Concerto Without Orchestra, Op. 14; Piano Quintet, Op. 44 Piano Sonata No.3 in F Minor, Op.14 'concerto Without Orchestra' - Prestissimo Possibile David Kadouch - Schumann, Concerto Without Orchestra, Op. 14; Piano Quintet, Op. 44 -- 肖邦 -- 肖邦有三首奏鸣曲，第一没什么太多好听的，第二和第三是经典中的经典，必须要做到如数家珍。 第二奏鸣曲，比较出名的有第三乐章的葬礼进行曲。是肖邦真正的革命性作品。
Chopin, Piano Sonata No.2 in B flat minor, Op.35  Chopin: Piano Sonata No.2 in B flat minor, Op.35 - 1. Grave - Doppio movimento Ivo Pogorelich - Chopin: Piano Sonata No.2; Prélude; Scherzo; Nocturne; Etudes Chopin: Piano Sonata No.2 in B flat minor, Op.35 - 2. Scherzo - Più lento - Tempo I Ivo Pogorelich - Chopin: Piano Sonata No.2; Prélude; Scherzo; Nocturne; Etudes Chopin: Piano Sonata No.2 in B flat minor, Op.35 - 3. Marche funèbre (Lento) Ivo Pogorelich - Chopin: Piano Sonata No.2; Prélude; Scherzo; Nocturne; Etudes Chopin: Piano Sonata No.2 in B flat minor, Op.35 - 4. Finale (Presto) Ivo Pogorelich - Chopin: Piano Sonata No.2; Prélude; Scherzo; Nocturne; Etudes Chopin, Piano Sonata No.3 in B minor, Op.58  Chopin: Piano Sonata No.3 in B minor, Op.58 - 1. Allegro maestoso Mikhail Pletnev - Chopin: Sonata Op.58; Waltzes; Etudes Chopin: Piano Sonata No.3 in B minor, Op.58 - 2. Scherzo (Molto vivace) Mikhail Pletnev - Chopin: Sonata Op.58; Waltzes; Etudes Chopin: Piano Sonata No.3 in B minor, Op.58 - 3. Largo Mikhail Pletnev - Chopin: Sonata Op.58; Waltzes; Etudes Chopin: Piano Sonata No.3 in B minor, Op.58 - 4. Finale (Presto non tanto) Mikhail Pletnev - Chopin: Sonata Op.58; Waltzes; Etudes -- 勃拉姆斯 -- 勃拉姆斯是个弹钢琴起家的，所以他最早的作品也是钢琴奏鸣曲。但是似乎他的作曲天赋在乐队和弦乐上更加见长。三首钢琴奏鸣曲全是早期作品，后面就没写过钢琴奏鸣曲，可能是他对钢琴奏鸣曲这个形式已经放弃了。确实这三首钢琴奏鸣曲我认为都不够优秀，所以只推荐第三首。第一首和第二首编号分别是Op.1和Op.2。你们就知道多早期了。
第三奏鸣曲居然还写了五个乐章。 Brahms, Piano Sonata No.3 in f minor, Op.5
 Brahms: Piano Sonata No.3 In F Minor, Op.5 - 1. Allegro maestoso Wilhelm Kempff - Brahms: Complete Piano Music (feat. Anatol Ugorski & Daniel Barenboim) Brahms: Piano Sonata No.3 In F Minor, Op.5 - 2. Andante espressivo Wilhelm Kempff - Brahms: Complete Piano Music (feat. Anatol Ugorski & Daniel Barenboim) Brahms: Piano Sonata No.3 In F Minor, Op.5 - 3. Scherzo [Allegro energico] Wilhelm Kempff - Brahms: Complete Piano Music (feat. Anatol Ugorski & Daniel Barenboim) Brahms: Piano Sonata No.3 In F Minor, Op.5 - 4. Intermezzo [Andante molto] Wilhelm Kempff - Brahms: Complete Piano Music (feat. Anatol Ugorski & Daniel Barenboim) Brahms: Piano Sonata No.3 In F Minor, Op.5 - 5. Finale [Allegro moderato ma rubato] Wilhelm Kempff - Brahms: Complete Piano Music (feat. Anatol Ugorski & Daniel Barenboim) -- 李斯特 -- 李斯特严格意义上的奏鸣曲也就应该是只有一首，但是这首是几乎钢琴文献当中的珠穆朗玛峰一样的存在，几乎是每个钢琴家必弹，经典中的经典。这首曲子似乎是李斯特对自己一生的总结。但是说实话，我实在并不觉得好听。第三乐章的主题似乎还是纪念舒曼的，奇怪了这俩人关系不是不太好么，对音乐的理念也是背道而驰。著名的莱比锡和魏玛之争就从他俩出来的，后来变成勃拉姆斯跟瓦格纳的世纪大撕逼。
Liszt, Piano Sonata in b minor, S.178  Piano Sonata in B Minor, S. 178 Krystian Zimerman - Liszt: Sonata in B Minor · Nuages gris · La notte · La lugubre gondola II · Funérailles -- 柴可夫斯基 -- 老柴应该只写过一部钢琴奏鸣曲，不太常演奏，腾讯爸爸写搜不到，虽然不怎么出名，但是好歹老柴是俄罗斯之魂，到此一游地听一下还是有必要的。网易云也没有，真要听就翻墙去youtube找找吧。 -- 拉赫玛尼诺夫 -- 老拉在钢琴上的造诣太高了，协奏曲冠绝天下。他写过两个钢琴奏鸣曲，其中第二奏鸣曲也是经典中的经典，钢琴家必弹。一定是要刻在脑子里的作品！ Rachmaninoff, Piano Sonata No.1 in d minor, Op.28
 Rachmaninov: Piano Sonata No.1 in D minor, Op.28 - 1. Allegro moderato Vladimir Ashkenazy - Rachmaninov: Complete Works For Piano Rachmaninov: Piano Sonata No.1 in D minor, Op.28 - 2. Lento Vladimir Ashkenazy - Rachmaninov: Complete Works For Piano Rachmaninov: Piano Sonata No.1 in D minor, Op.28 - 3. Allegro molto Vladimir Ashkenazy - Rachmaninov: Complete Works For Piano 第二奏鸣曲的第二乐章真是好听到要流眼泪，而且拉赫的东西总是有一种电影音乐先驱的感觉，特别有画面感。另外一个有画面感电影音乐的作曲家就是拉威尔。 Rachmaninoff, Piano Sonata No.2 in B flat minor, Op.36  Rachmaninov: Piano Sonata No.2 In B Flat Minor, Op.36 - 1. Allegro agitato Hélène Grimaud - Chopin / Rachmaninov: Piano Sonatas Rachmaninov: Piano Sonata No.2 In B Flat Minor, Op.36 - 2. Non allegro - Lento Hélène Grimaud - Chopin / Rachmaninov: Piano Sonatas Rachmaninov: Piano Sonata No.2 In B Flat Minor, Op.36 - 3. Allegro molto Hélène Grimaud - Chopin / Rachmaninov: Piano Sonatas -- 普罗科菲耶夫 -- 普罗科菲耶夫的风格我已经总结过了就是怪得特别爽，特别带劲儿。他写过八个奏鸣曲，后面三首不记得是不是都是献给里赫特的，看编号都是连着的，所以感觉应该像是写个同一个人的，而且那个时期苏联的钢琴家就是里赫特是头一把交椅再没有别人。后面三个也是最经典的，所以后三首也是一定要听熟的！ Prokofiev, Piano Sonata No.6, Op.82  Prokofiev: Piano Sonata No.6, Op.82 - 1. Allegro moderato Ivo Pogorelich - Chopin: Piano Sonata No.2 / Ravel: Gaspard de la nuit / Prokofiev: Piano Sonata No.6 Prokofiev: Piano Sonata No.6, Op.82 - 2. Allegretto Ivo Pogorelich - Chopin: Piano Sonata No.2 / Ravel: Gaspard de la nuit / Prokofiev: Piano Sonata No.6 Prokofiev: Piano Sonata No.6, Op.82 - 3. Tempo di valzer lentissimo Ivo Pogorelich - Chopin: Piano Sonata No.2 / Ravel: Gaspard de la nuit / Prokofiev: Piano Sonata No.6 Prokofiev: Piano Sonata No.6, Op.82 - 4. Vivace Ivo Pogorelich - Chopin: Piano Sonata No.2 / Ravel: Gaspard de la nuit / Prokofiev: Piano Sonata No.6 Prokofiev, Piano Sonata No.7 in B flat major, Op.83  Prokofiev : Piano Sonata No.7 in B flat major Op.83 : I Allegro inquiteo Alexei Sultanov - Prokofiev : Instrumental & Chamber Music [Prokofiev Edition Vol.4] Prokofiev : Piano Sonata No.7 in B flat major Op.83 : II Andante caloroso Alexei Sultanov - Prokofiev : Instrumental & Chamber Music [Prokofiev Edition Vol.4] Prokofiev : Piano Sonata No.7 in B flat major Op.83 : III Precipitato Alexei Sultanov - Prokofiev : Instrumental & Chamber Music [Prokofiev Edition Vol.4] Prokofiev, Piano Sonata No.8 in B flat major, Op.84  Prokofiev: Piano Sonata No.8 in B flat, Op.84 - 1. Andante dolce - Allegro moderato - Andante - Andante dolce come prima - Allegro Sviatoslav Richter - Sviatoslav Richter Recital Prokofiev: Piano Sonata No.8 in B flat, Op.84 - 2. Andante sognando Sviatoslav Richter - Sviatoslav Richter Recital Prokofiev: Piano Sonata No.8 in B flat, Op.84 - 3. Vivace - Allegro ben marcato - Andantino - Vivace Sviatoslav Richter - Sviatoslav Richter Recital -- 斯特拉文斯基 -- 斯特拉文斯基的钢琴奏鸣曲很有意思，还专门规定了速度，一般来说给个大致的速度几号就可以，他这里严格规定了四分音符要多快。在无调性音乐大行其道的20世纪，1924年的这部作品不知怎地总是透着一股古典气息。后来看了资料知道这还真是斯特拉文斯基“新古典主义”作品的代表作。  Sonata - 1924: I. Quarter note = 112 Aleck Karis - Stravinsky: Music for Piano (1911-1942) Sonata - 1924: II. Adagietto Aleck Karis - Stravinsky: Music for Piano (1911-1942) Sonata - 1924: III. Quarter note = 112 Aleck Karis - Stravinsky: Music for Piano (1911-1942) -- 贝尔格 -- 贝尔格只写了一个钢琴奏鸣曲，还是Op.1。应该说是很难得的还是很好听的作品，后面他跟勋伯格一样都开始坚决地无调性，坚决地难听了。  Piano Sonata, Op. 1 Glenn Gould - Berg, Schoenberg, Krenek: Works
-- 其他相关全集 -- 钢琴协奏曲都在这里！
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