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quite与rather用法(对比及例句)

 yanjongzhao 2017-02-24

《牛津英语语法:即学即练》第278页 作“相当”解的quite

quite通常作相当中等程度地解。

I feel quite hungry now.

Repairing the machine is quite difficult.

The talk was quite interesting.

We were quite surprised at the result.

《剑桥高阶英汉双解词典》第1794quite词条

In American English quite usually means ‘very.’

在美国英语中,quite通常表示“很,非常”。

quite的重音

在口语中,重读quite和重读形容词所表示的意思是不同的。

如果重读quite,它的意思是相当,但不很。其意思是消极的。

The exhibition was quite good, but I’ve seen better ones.

I get up quite early, but not as early as you do.

如果重读形容词,quite的意思是积极的(但没有very那么积极)。

The exhibition was quite good. I enjoyed looking round it.

I got up quite early. I had a lot of jobs to do.

quite还是rather?

表示赞许时,通常用quite,不用rather

The book was quite interesting.

It’s quite warm now.

It was quite nice walking through the park.

表示不满时,通常用rather,不过用quite也可以。

The book was rather boring/quite boring.

It was rather awkward/quite awkward taking my suitcase on the underground.

rather在表示赞许时意思是令人吃惊或异乎寻常地。

It’s rather warm for October. (天气通常不这么暖和)

I didn’t know David can cook. He’s rather good at it.

I expect Tom’s jokes were awful. ~Actually they were rather funny.

rather可以同比较级连用,但quite不能。

The meal took rather longer than we expected.

【事实上,quite可以同比较级连用】

《朗文英语语法》(L. G.亚历山大编著)248

quite不能与比较级连用,但可以修饰少数几个动词。

但注意:He’s quite better.他已完全好了。

= He has completely recovered.他已完全康复了。)

完全解的quite

同某些形容词连用时,quite的意思是完全

What you said is quite wrong. (=完全错的)

The idea is quite absurd. (=完全荒谬)

The situation is quite hopeless.

quite在同下列形容词连用时作完全解:

absurd, alone, amazing, awful, brilliant, certain, dead, different, dreadful, extraordinary, false, hopeless, horrible, impossible, perfect, ridiculous, right, sure, true, useless, wrong。

比较quite的下面这些用法。

I’m quite tired. (=相当)

The advice was quite useful. I got one or two tips.

I’m quite exhausted. (=完全)

The advice was quite useless. It was absolutely no good at all.

《朗文A-Z英语语法大全》第521页

quite和rather是互相类似的副词,它们在尺度上只一个中间点。

但是quite和rather有时暗示说话者不同的态度。

quite还有一种特殊的意思。

它可以表示完全全部的意思,如quite impossible(完全不可能)。

rather在美国英语中用得较少。

quiterather的位置

quite/rather 形容词/副词/主要动词

quite a/rather a 单数名词(短语)例如:

形容词:quite cold, quite tall, rather cold, rather tall

副词:quite easily, quite often, rather easily, rather often

主要动词:She quite likes him. 她很喜欢他。We rather enjoyed it. 我们很尽兴。

名词短语:

There’s quite a large crowd. 有很大一群人。

I felt rather a fool. 我感到很傻。

注:注意下面的词语:

This coat is quite nice. It’s quite a nice coat.

My boss is rather strict. He’s rather a strict boss.

不能说:He’s a quite active man.

quiterather的用法

quiterather都表示中等程度。例如:

My neighbour is quite old: he must be nearly 70.

我邻居年纪颇大,他一定快七十岁了。

This house is rather old: it was built in 1930s.

这房子相当旧了,他是二十世纪三十年代建的。

但是一般来说:

quite表示一种肯定的态度:某件好的事情。

rather表示一种否定的态度:某件不好的事情。

例如:Ah! The water’s quite hot! (That’s good.)

Phew!It’s rather hot today! (That’s not so good._

所以,quite主要修饰褒义词:例如:

quite bright, quite exciting, quite nicely, quite a good player

rather主要修饰贬义词:例如:

rather dull, rather boring, rather badly, rather an idiot

注:有时候也反过来用。例如:

I’m rather fond of tennis. 我相当喜欢打网球。

That play was quite dull. 那场戏相当枯燥无味。

选用哪个词纯属个人喜好,没有严格的规定。

注:尤其是在美国英语中,kind of可以用来代替rather, pretty可以用来代替quite

It was kind of disappointing. 那件事真令人失望。

It was pretty good. 那很好。

quite和有些词(如有些动词和形容词)连用,表示完全。例如:

I quite agree with you. (=I’m completely agree.) 我完全同意你的观点。

The statement in the newspaper was quite false. It was also quite unfair.

报上的说法完全是假的,而且还很不公平。

在修饰表示极端意义的词时,quite也可以表示“非常”的意思。例如:

His was quite the best performance of Macbeth I have ever seen.

在我所看过的莎剧中,他扮演的麦克白是最好的。

It was quite magnificent. 它是非常宏伟的。

注:

quite置于not之后时,其意思是完全地(即not quite = not completely)。

I’m not quite ready to go. The garage hasn’t quite finished mending my car.

我还没有完全准备好,因为汽车修理厂还没完全修好我的汽车。

注:

quite的两种不同意思有不同的语调。尤其是当quite出现在句尾或单独出现时,意思不同,语调就不同。

‘Did you enjoy the party?’ ‘Yes, quite.’ (= but not too much)

“那次派对你开心吗?” “是的,相当开心。”(但不算太开心)

‘They must keep their promises.’ ‘Yes, quite.’

(只用于英国英语= I entirely agree with you)

“他们必须履行诺言。” “是的,我完全同意你的看法。”

《英语词汇用法手册》(L. G. 亚历山大编著)第220页quite词条

Professor Hogg’s lecture was quite good, but not up to his usual standard.

霍格教授的讲座相当不错,但未赶上他平时的水准。

quite =低于最高水准)

quite good, pretty等等级形容词;其意义取决于重音;quite后面的词如用降调,表示低于最高水准;升调则表示比预想的要多/好

This sauce is quite perfect. 这调味汁味道好极了。

You stamina is quite amazing! 你的耐力十分惊人。

quite dead, unique, lost等非等级形容词,或amazing, astonishing等表示激烈的词=完全,十分)

quite与rather用法(对比及例句)

《牛津英语用法指南》(第三版)第744页489 quite

quite有两个意思。

试比较:

It’s quite good, but it could be better. (= It’s OK, not bad.)

这相当不错,但是还可以更好些。

It’s quite impossible. (= It’s completely impossible.)

这是完全不可能的。

good可分级的形容词:事物可以好一点也可以差一点。

quite在肯定句中与可分级的词语连用时,常常具有像fairly或rather的含义。

impossible是不可分级的:事物要么不可能,要么可能,但是不能更多些或更少些不可能。

quite跟不可分级的词语连用时,意为completely。试比较:

I’m quite tired, but I can walk a bit further.

我相当累了,但是我可以继续走一点。

I’m quite exhausted—I couldn’t walk another step.

我筋疲力尽了——一步也走不动了。

It’s quite surprising. 这很令人吃惊。(与fairly surprising很像)

It’s quite amazing. (= absolutely amazing) 这简直令人惊异。

He speaks French quite perfectly. 他法语说得好极了。

I quite like her, but she’s not one of my closest friends.

我挺喜欢她,但是她不是我最亲密的朋友之一。

Have you quite finished? (= Have you completely finished?) 你全都干完了吗?

在美国英语中,quite与可分级的形容词连用时常常意为very,而不是fairly/rather

与名词连用的词序

quite可以与a/an 名词连用。

如果出现可分级的形容词或没有形容词时,quite通常置于a/an前。

It’s quite a nice day. 天气可真好。

We watched quite an interesting film last night.

昨天晚上我们看了一部相当有趣的电影。

She’s quite a woman! 她真是个女人的样子了!

The party was quite a success. 这次聚会很成功!

与不可分级的形容词连用时,quite在英国英语中通常置于a/an后面:

It was a quite perfect day. 天气好极了。

(美国英语中说It was quite a perfect day.)

quite有时用在the前面,意思是exactly, completely

He’s going quite the wrong way. 他完全走错路了。

quite the opposite恰恰相反

比较

quite不直接用在比较级前面。

She’s rather /much/ a lot older than me.

她年龄比我大不少/大多了/大一点儿。(但不能说:She’s quite older…)

不过,quite better用来表示病已完全好了。

quite similar意为“相当像”;quite different意为“完全不同”。

quite a bit/few/lot等

quite a bitquite a few(非正式)的意思几乎与quite a lot相同。

We’re having quite a bit of trouble with the kids just now.

我们跟孩子们有不少麻烦,正在处理。

We thought nobody would be there, but actually quite a few people came.

我们以为那地方不会有人,可实际上来了很多人。

not quite

not quite意为不完全不确切,可用在形容词、副词、动词和名词(包括与the连用的名词)之前。

I’m not quite ready—won’t be a minute. 我还没有准备好——马上就好。

She didn’t run quite fast enough for a record. 她跑得还不够快,没有破纪录。

I don’t quite agree. 我不完全同意。

That’s not quite the colour I wanted. 那不完全是我要的颜色。

rather程度副词(rather good等)

rather可以用作程度副词,意思与quitefairly差不多,但语气更强一些。rather的这种用法在美国英语中不太常见。

The film was rather good. 这部电影相当好。

Some people rather like being miserable. 有些人倒愿意受苦。

It’s rather later than I thought. 这比我想象的还要晚。

I rather think we’re going to lose. 我更觉得我们会输。

rather常常含有超乎常常预料之外超出要求等意思。

How was the film? ~Rather good—I was surprised.

那部电影怎么样?~相当好——我很意外。

She sings rather well—people often think she’s a professional.

她唱得相当好——人们常常以为她是专业歌手。

It’s rather warm in here. Let’s open a window.

这里很热。咱们看一扇窗子吧。

与冠词连用的词序

rather一般放在冠词前面,但如果有形容词,rather也可以放在a/an后面。

That’s rather the impression I wanted to give. 那正是我想要给人留下的印象。

He’s rather a fool. 他真是个傻瓜。

Jane’s had rather a good idea. (或Jane’s had a rather good idea.)

简有个非常好的主意。

rather通常不用在没有形容词修饰的复数名词前面。

(不能说:They’re rather fools.)

2017年2月24日

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