动词后缀 1.-ate 表动词,“做,造成” 【例】 differentiate [,d?f?'ren??e?t] v. 区别,分比(different不同) liquidate ['l?kw?de?t] v. 清洗;结清(liquid液体…用液体清洗) infiltrate ['?nf?ltre?t] v. 渗透(in+filtr过滤+ate ) remonstrate ['rem?nstre?t] v. 抗议(re反+monstr显示+ate) frustrate [fr?'stre?t] v. 挫败(frustr犯错误+ate) attenuate [?'tenj?e?t] v. 变薄,变弱(at+tenu薄,细+ate;参考:tenuous纤细的) 2.-en 表动词,“变成” 【例】 shorten ['???t(?)n] v. 缩短(short短) darken ['dɑ?k(?)n] v. 变黑(dark黑) sharpen ['?ɑ?p(?)n] v. 削尖(sharp尖) straiten ['stre?t(?)n] v. 使狭窄(straot海峡;困难) hasten ['he?s(?)n] v. 促进(haste匆忙) dampen ['d?mp(?)n] v. 使潮湿;使沮丧(damp潮湿) broaden ['br??d(?)n] v. 加宽(broad宽) sweeten ['swi?t(?)n] v. 变甜(sweet甜) 3.-er 表名词,“反复做” 【例】 mutter ['m?t?] v. 喃喃自语 chatter ['t??t?] v. 喋喋不休(chat聊天+ter) stutter ['st?t?] v. 口吃 waver ['we?v?] v. 摆动(wave波动) batter ['b?t?] v. 连打,不断打(bat打+ter) 4.-ise 【例】 表动词后缀,和-ize相同,是-ize的变体,“…化” memorise ['mem?ra?z] v. 记住(memor记忆) criticise ['kr?t?,sa?z] v. 批评(ctitic批评家) advertise ['?dv?ta?z] v. 做广告(advert注意到,ad+vert转+ise) authorise ['?:θ?raiz] v. 授权(anthor权力;参考authority权威) fertilise ['f?:tilaiz] v. 施肥,授精(fert肥沃…fertile 肥沃的) revitalise [ri:'vait?laiz] v. 使复活(re再+vital活的) 注:由-ize构成的一些动词 publicize ['p?blisaiz] v. 宣传(public公开的) exorcize ['eks?:saiz] v. 驱除(坏事)(ex出+orc巫术,邪魔+ize) aggrandize [?'gr?nda?z] v. 扩张(ag+grand大+ize) jeopardize ['d?ep?da?z] v. 危害(jeopard危害+ize) materialize [m?'ti?ri?laiz] v. 赋予…形体(material物质+ize) neutralize ['nju:tr?laiz] v. 使中和(neutral中间的,中和的+ize)
5.-ish 表动词,“造成…” 【例】 polish ['p?l??] v. 擦亮(pol擦亮+ish) banish ['b?n??] v. 放逐,摒弃(ban禁止,放弃+ish) admonish [?d'm?n??] v. 告诫(ad+mon警告+ish) impoverish [?m'p?v(?)r??] v. 使成赤贫(im进入+pover贫困+ish) diminish [d?'m?n??] v. 缩小(di使+min小+ish) flourish ['fl?r??] v. 繁荣(flour花+ish) vanish ['v?n??] v. 消失(van空,失去+ish) nourish ['n?r??] v. 养育,哺育(nour营养+ish) 6.-ite 表动词,“促成” 【例】 expedite ['eksp?da?t] v. 加速,促进(ex出+ped脚+ite) ignite [?g'na?t] v. 点燃(ign火+ite) unite [ju?'na?t] v. 联合,统一(uni一个+ite)
7.-ify 表动词, “转为,变为” 【例】 minify ['m?n?fa?] v. 使…缩小(mini+fy→小化) transmogrify [tr?nz'm?gr?fa?] v. 变得古怪,变形(trans+mogr怪形状+ify→变成怪形状) acidify [?'s?d?fa?] v. 酸化(acid+ify…化→酸化) fortify ['f??t?fa?] v. 加固,加强(fort+ify→力量化→加固) 副词后缀 1.-ally 表副词,由 al+ly构成,“…地” 【例】 dramatically [dr?'m?t?k?l?] adv. 戏剧性地(drama戏剧) conditionally [k?n'di??n?li] adv. 有条件地(condition条件 ) systematically [,s?st?'m?t?kl?] adv. 有系统地(system系统) exceptionally [?k'sep?(?)n?l?] adv. 例外地(exception例外) proverbially [pr?'v?b??li] adv. 无人不知地(proverb谚语,谚语人人都知,以“无人不知地”) 2.-wise 表副词,“方向,状态” 【例】 crosswise ['kr?swa?z] adv. 交叉地(cross交叉) endwise ['endwaiz] adv. 末端朝前地(end末端) coastwise ['k??stwa?z] adv. 沿海地(coast海岸) sidewise ['saidwaiz] adv. 斜向一边地(side旁边) clockwise ['kl?kwa?z] adv. 顺时针地(clock时钟) likewise ['la?kwa?z] adv. 同样地(like相像) otherwise ['?e?wa?z] adv. 要不然(other另外的) crabwise ['kr?bwa?z] adv. 横行地(crab螃蟹) 注:有些单词,wise可以换成ways,意义不变,如: crossways ['kr?s,weiz] adv. 交叉地 endways ['endwe?z] adv. 末端朝前地 sideways ['sa?dwe?z] adv. 斜向一边地
3.-ably 表副词,“能…地” 【例】 suitably ['su:t?bli] adv. 恰当地(suit恰当) dependably [di'pend?bli] adv. 可靠地(depend可靠)
4. -ly 表副词,通常放在形容词后 【例】 exceedingly [?k'si?d??l?] adv. 过分地(exceed超过) gloriously ['gl?:ri?sli] adv. 光荣地( glorious光荣的) extremely [?k'stri?ml?] adv. 过分地(extreme极端的) definitely ['def?n?tl?] adv. 明确地(definite明确的) probably ['pr?b?bl?] adv. 可能性(probable可能的) biologically [ba??'lɑd??kli] adv. 生物学地(biological生物学的) greatly ['gre?tl?] adv. 很大地(great大)
5.-fold 表形容词或副词,“倍,双重” 【例】 twofold ['tu?f??ld] adv. 两倍地 threefold ['θri?f??ld] adv. 三倍地
6.-ward 表形容词+副词,“向…” 【例】 downward ['da?nw?d] adv. 向下(down向下) upward ['?pw?d] adv. 向上(up向上) seaward ['si?w?d] adv. 向海(sea海洋) 注:作副词用时,ward可变成wards。
知识小贴士: 关于后缀: 1. 后缀是决定一个词的词性的重要标记。掌握词性是掌握英语基本规律,扩大词汇量的重要手段。 2. 后缀没有任何实在的含义,只是表示整个单词的词性,类似汉语中的“的、地、得”等。 3. 后缀放在单词之后,配合词根和前缀来组成整个单词。 4. 常用的具备表示单词词性的后缀分为四种,分别为名词后缀,形容词后缀,动词后缀以及副词后缀。 知米背单词已收录3000多条词根词缀,覆盖超过15000个单词。通过词根词缀加深对构词法的理解,能够举一反三,快速记忆相关单词的意思。大家在软件内【学习拓展包】开通【词根词缀助记】即可体验精彩功能哦~ 知米精选干货 回复 | 碧根果,获取《助记丨动词+副词后缀及词例》word&PDF版 回复 | 百香果,获取《助记丨形容词后缀以及词例》 回复 | 人参果,获取《助记丨名词后缀大全以及词例》 回复 | 哈密瓜,获取《助记丨单词前缀大全以及词例 |