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一．基本概念 （一）开音节：开音节分两种情况： 1．以“发音的元音字母”结尾的单节。例：be，he，no, me, hi, we, go, so 2．以“一个元音字母+一个辅音字母（r 除外）+不发音的e”结尾的音节。 也就是常说的“元辅e”结构。例：make，like。 * 在“元辅e”结构中元音字母读作自己的名称音。 （二）闭音节：以 '一个元音字母+一个或几个辅音字母(r除外)' 结尾的音节叫闭音节。如map，desk，is等 （三）r音节：以'元音字母+r'构成的音节叫r音节。如：car,doctor, teacher, 二. 发音规则 （一）元音字母在开音节中一般读自己的名称音。 Aa | 开音节 | / / | take, lake, bake, make, cake, snake, face, race, place ate, date, Kate, late, gate, hate, mate, plate name, fame, same, plane, ape, tape, grape | 闭音节 | / / | have, has, apple, bag, cat, fat, hat, map, can, black, salad, at, and, bank, | Ee | 开音节 | / / | these, he, me , she, we, Chinese | 闭音节 | / / | bed, pen, desk, leg, egg, get, seven, let, elephant, yes | Ii | 开音节 | / / | hi, bike, hike, like, Mike, Nike, drive, write, kite, bite, white, time, nice, rice, five, nine, fine, ride, hide, | 闭音节 | / / | big, it, is, pig, this, sit, fish, milk, rabbit, window, pink, think, | Oo | 开音节 | / / | go, no, so, home, rose, nose, those, close, cold, told, hold, sold, hope, rope, OK, Coke, | 闭音节 | / / | box, fox, orange, lock, rock, not, hot, long, stop, clock | Uu | 开音节 | / / | use, tube, cute, student, | 闭音节 | / / | bus, cup, brush, umbrella, duck, luck, sun, run, but, just, lunch, cut, |
(二) 元音字母的其他发音 Aa | / / | want, wash, what, watch | / / | after, ask, bath, glass, fast, father, class, basket, dance | / / | China, another, breakfast, ago, woman | Ee | / / | eleven, excuse, forest, women, | / / | student, open, hundred, | Oo | / / | second, today, pilot, | / / | come, London, mother, | Uu | / / | flute, blue, June, |
（三）r音节发音规则 ar | / / | car, card, march, farm, dark, barber, garden, art, park, smart, | / / | dollar, collar, beggar, grammar, | / / | war, warm, quarter | er | / / | her, term, | / / | sister, mother, father, brother, player, driver, river | ir | / / | girl, sir, thirsty, shirt, skirt, first, thirty, | or | / / | or, for, fork, morning, forty, short, sport | / / | doctor, visitor, actor, | / / | work, worker, word, world | ur | / / | turn, Thursday, hurt, nurse, |
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（四）辅音字母的发音 Bb | / / | bike, balloon, bag, bat, brother, | / / | climb, comb, tomb, bomb, | Cc | / / | cake, come, doctor, cup, clean, subject, welcome | / / | city, nice, pencil, | Dd | / / | dog, doll, doctor, good, find | Ff | / / | frog, flat, safe, leaf, wife, | Gg | / / | girl, dragon, mango |
| / / | page, giant, geography | Hh | / / | hello, happy, how |
| / / | hour, | Jj | / / | Jump, July, jigsaw |
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| Kk | / / | bike, work, weekend |
| / / | knee, knife, | Ll | / / | like , yellow, letter |
| / / | well, help, apple | Mm | / / | mother, my, film | Nn | / / | green, thin, winter | Pp | / / | pupil, map, pen | Qq | / / | quack, quiet, quarter | Rr | / / | red, carry, angry |
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| Ss | / / | sun, nurse, swimming |
| / / | please, nose, Tuesday | Tt | / / | time, fast, winter | Vv | / / | have, very, visit | Ww | / / | warm, what, swimming | Xx | / / | box, six, fox | Yy | / / | yellow, year, you |
| / / | angry, happy, sunny | Zz | / / | zoo, zebra, buzz |
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（五）其他常见字母组合的发音 ch | / / | stomach, school, | / / | chair, peach,China, children | / / | machine | dr | / / | dress, draw, dragon | gh | / / | cough, laugh, | / / | right, light, night, | ph | / / | photo, elephant, phone, | qu | / / | quarter, quiet, quite | sh | / / | ship, sheep, wish, fish, | oy | / / | boy, toy, | th | / / | This, that, these, those, weather, | / / | mouth, month, thin, three, teeth | wh | / / | where, what, when, which, wheel | / / | who, whose, | ay | / / | day, way, say, may , play | / / | says | au | / / | laugh | / / | restaurant | ea | / / | tea, meat, seat, leaf | / / | bread, head, | / / | great, break | / / | idea, really | ee | / / | tree, bee, see, sleep, feet | oa | / / | coat, goat, boat, soap | oo | / / | good, look, cook, foot, | / / | too, tooth, food, moon, room, | ou | / / | about, proud, | / / | young |
| / / | could, should | / / | bought | ow | / / | know, throw, follow | / / | how, cow, now, brown, | are | / / | square, care, share | / / | are, | ere | / / | there |
| here | / / | were | ire | / / | fire, hire, tired | ore | / / | more, before | ear | / / | pear, wear, bear, | / / | near, dear, hear, | / / | learn | / / | heart | eer | / / | deer, engineer | oor | / / | floor | / / | poor |
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