Improving your reading skills will reduce unnecessary reading time and enable you to read in a more focused and selective manner. You will also be able to increase your levels of understanding and concentration. This guide shows you how to read with greater efficiency and effectiveness by using a range of different reading skills. 提高学术阅读能力可以减少不必要的阅读而且让你更加专注和善于选择。也能提升你的理解力和专注力。这份指南会指导你通过一系列技巧高效阅读。 Reading for study 为了研究阅读 You already use a range of reading styles in everyday situations. The normal reading style that you might use for reading a novel is to read in detail, focusing on every word in sequence from start to finish. 在日常生活中,你有很多阅读模式,你通常阅读小说的模式可能是专注于每个细节,从头到尾逐字阅读。 If it is a magazine you are reading, you might flick through the pages to see which articles are of interest. When you look in a telephone directory for a particular name, you purposefully ignore all other entries and focus your attention on spotting the name you want. These everyday reading skills can be applied to your studies. 如果你正在阅读杂志,你可以简单翻阅来寻找自己感兴趣的文章。当你在电话本中寻找特定人名时,你会有意识地忽略其他条目并专注于寻找自己想要的名字。这些你每天都会用的技巧可以应用到学术阅读之中。 To improve your reading skills you need to: 为了提升阅读技巧,你需要:
Reading goals 阅读目标 Clear reading goals can significantly increase your reading efficiency. Not everything in print will be of use to you. Use reading goals to select and prioritise information according to the task in hand. 清晰的阅读目标能够显著地提升你的阅读效率。并不是所有的印刷品对你来说都是有用的。你可以根据手头的工作来制定阅读目标并筛选优先阅读的内容。 Reading goals can be: 阅读目标可以如下:
Use your reading goals to help you identify the information that is relevant to your current task. 使用您的阅读目标来帮助您识别与当前任务相关的信息。 Choosing a text 选择阅读文本 You will need to assess the text to see if it contains information that is relevant to your reading goals. 你需要评估阅读的文本来确认它是否包含和阅读目标相关的信息。
Once you have selected a text you can use the following techniques of scanning and skimming to help you identify areas for detailed reading. 选定文本后,可以使用以下浏览和跳读的技巧帮助你找出那些需要仔细阅读的内容。 1.Scanning 浏览 Scanning is the technique you might use when reading a telephone directory. You pass your vision speedily over a section of text in order to find particular words or phrases that are relevant to your current task. You can scan: 浏览是你在查找电话本时可能用到的阅读技巧,为了找出与你现在任务相关的特定单词或短语,你的视线快速浏览文字区域,你可以主要浏览以下内容:
2.Skimming 跳读 Skimming is the process of speedy reading for general meaning. Let your eyes skip over sentences or phrases which contain detail. Concentrate on identifying the central or main points. Use this technique to: 跳读大体上来说是一种速读的过程。让你的眼睛跳过那些包含特定细节的句子或短语,聚焦于识别主题相关的重点。你可以使用这一技巧用来:
Detailed reading and note taking 详细阅读和记笔记 Once you have selected useful information, you can begin to read in detail. Note taking techniques provide a useful aid to reading. Use: 一旦你选定了有用的信息,你可以开始详细阅读了。记笔记能为阅读提供有效的帮助。技巧如下:
These techniques encourage an active engagement with the text as well as providing you with a useful record of your reading. Avoid passively reading large amounts of text, it does not make effective use of your time. Always use a note taking technique to increase your levels of concentration and understanding. 上述技巧鼓励你积极参与阅读并且记录下阅读中有用的内容。要避免消极地阅读大段文本,因为这样你并没有高效地利用时间。要持之以恒地使用记笔记的技巧来提升专注力和理解力。 Increasing your reading speed 提高阅读的速度 It is more important to improve your reading skills than your reading speed. Being focused and selective in your reading habits will reduce the time you spend reading. If, in addition to using a range of reading skills you want to increase your reading speed, then the following technique will be of use. 提高阅读能力比提高阅读速度更重要。将精力集中在阅读习惯上会减少你用在阅读上的时间。 如果这样,要使用一系列的阅读技巧来提高你的阅读速度,在这种情况下,你可以使用下面这些技巧。 The average reading speed is about 240-300 words per minute. For the average reader, the eye fixes on each word individually. 一般的阅读速度是每分钟240-300个单词,对于大多数读者来说,他们的眼睛单独停留在每一个单词之上。如下图。
It is easy for your eye to recognise 4 or 5 words in a single fixation without a loss of understanding. 但是对于眼睛来说,每4-5个单词一停顿并不妨碍我们理解文章。
The key to increasing your reading speed is not to increase the speed at which your eyes move across the page, but to increase the word span for a single fixation. A simple way of developing the habit of taking in more than one word per fixation is to take a page of text and divide it length ways into three with two lines drawn down the page. Using a pen or pencil as a pointer, read each line of text by allowing your eye to fall only in the middle of each of the three sections, as indicated by your pointer. 提高阅读速度的关键不在于提高你眼睛在页面上的移动速度,而在于提高每一次眼睛停留时浏览到的单词广度。培养这种阅读习惯的一个简单方式是找一篇文章,然后通过每隔三个词画条线的方式阅读。使用钢笔或者铅笔指着,在阅读每一行文本时,只让眼睛随着钢笔落在三个单词中间的位置。 Developing your reading speed 提升阅读速度
Summary 总结
英文来源:英国莱斯特大学官网,著作权归原作者所有。 |
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