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学习虚拟语气时我们只需牢牢把握两个相关的问题：①虚拟语气的两个不同的概念 ②不同概念的虚拟语气的动词形式不同。抓住这两个关键问题，对虚拟语气的学习就可以收到化难为易、立竿见影的效果。 1．虚拟语气的第一个概念及应用 虚拟语气的第一个概念表示与事实相反。这部分内容应注意的问题是： ①虚拟语气所表示的动作有时间和语态的概念。 ②不同时间的虚拟语气的动词形式不同，但总的原则为“提前一个时态”，即用一般过去式表示对现在的虚拟；用过去完成式表示对过去的虚拟。 表示“与事实相反”的虚拟语气的用法： 1） 在条件句中的应用 虚拟条件句中的动词形式
①表示与过去的事实相反，主句用“would have + 过去分词”；条件状语从句用 “had + 过去分词”。 （1) If we had followed his advice, we would have succeeded. （2) You wouldn’t have caught cold if you had put on more clothes. （3) She would have come if she hadn’t been so busy. ② 表示与现在或将来的事实相反，主句用“would + 动词原形”；条件状语从句用 “过去式”。在条件状语从句中，有时也可用 “were to (should) + 动词原形”表示对将来的虚拟。 （1) I would certainly go if I had the time. （2) What would you do if you were in his place? （3) If I were to (should) do it, I would do it in a different way. 2) wish 后面的宾语从句。表示不可能或已经不可能实现的愿望，动词“提前一个时态”。 （1) I wish I were as strong as you. （2) We wish that we had paid more attention to our pronunciation. 3) would rather 后面的从句 （1) I could go myself but I would rather you went. （2) I would rather they came tomorrow. 4) as if ( though ) 后面的从句 （1) They talked as if ( though ) they had been friends for years. （2) It seems as if it were spring already. 5) It’s time 后的从句 It’s time that we went to bed. 2.虚拟语气的第二个概念及应用 虚拟语气的第二个概念表示“要求、命令、建议”，凡属这类虚拟语气其动词形式都用 “should + 动词原形”， 在试题中 should 常被省略。 1）凡是与suggest , order , demand , propose , command, request, desire , insist 以及它们的名词形式和诸如“it is suggested……”一类的句型有关的宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、主语从句，一律用虚拟语气，且动词形式也一律用“should +动词原形”。 ① 宾语从句 （1) I suggested we (should) set off immediately. （2) He insisted that he (should) talk about the matter at the meeting. （3) They request that we (should)send a delegation to their country. （4) The commander ordered that all the soldiers (should) not fire. ② 表语从句 （1) My suggestion is that we (should)do our best to help them. （2) His proposal is that a new teaching building (should) be built next year. ③ 同位语从句 （1) What do you think of the proposal that Alice put on a short play at the English evening? （2) I couldn’t agree with his suggestion that the sports meeting be put off. ④ 主语从句 （1) It is requested that he give a speech at the meeting. （2) It was suggested that he be punished for his cheating in the exam. 2) 在 it is necessary ; it is important ; it is strange ; it has been decided 句型后的主语从句也用虚拟语气，动词形式同上。 （1) It is important that we (should) unit with all that can be united. （2) It is necessary that he be sent there at once. （3) It has been decided that conference be held this time next month. 3) 在 it is time that…后面的从句中用虚拟语气，动词形式两种均可。 （1) It is time that we went bed. （2) It is time that we (should) go to bed. 4) 在for fear that; in case 后面的从句中用虚拟语气，动词形式用 should + 动词原形。 （1) He put his coat over his daughter for fear that she catch cold. （2) I’ll keep a seat for you in case you should change your mind. 3.虚拟语气中的倒装问题 在虚拟条件句中，如果条件句含有助动词、情态动词、动词be 或have，可以将if省略，并把条件句改为部分倒装。 （1) Had we made full preparations, we might have succeeded. If we had made full preparations, we might have succeeded. （2) Should there be a flood, what should we do? If there should be a flood, what should we do? （3) Had it not been for their help, we couldn’t have got over the difficulties. If it had not been for their help, we couldn’t have got over the difficulties. 4.有时虚拟的条件部分是隐蔽或含蓄的，我们必须仔细地体会句子的意思，否则就会忽视虚拟语气的应用。 （1) This change could not have taken place without a solid industrial foundation. （2) Under another social system such flood would have caused terrible disasters. （3) I was ill that day. Otherwise I would have taken part in the sports meet. （4) He would have given you more help, but he has been so busy. 注意以上各句中的关键词语：without, under, otherwise, but 。 更多英语学习，硕士考研和出国留学信息，请登陆www.hansonedu.cn了解详细信息。瀚森教育专注英语教学，为您提供最新最全的英语学习信息。 |
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