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马拉松常见疾病---足底筋膜炎(运动康复)训练方法

 子古鬼 2017-04-13

    足底筋膜炎是大部分跑者都会遇到的一个伤病,当你在跑了一段时间后,每天早上起床发现脚后跟酸痛,那就说明你已经患上了这个病。

    足底筋膜炎是运动引起的慢性损伤,最常见的原因是经常长时间走路包括登山健身、徒步旅行、逛商店等活动,连续走上几天,就很容易引起足底的慢性损伤,从而导致足底筋膜炎。另外,鞋跟太硬造成对足跟的压迫,也能引起足底筋膜炎。经常穿高跟鞋也会加重足底的损伤。

Exercises for Plantar Fasciitis: These exercises are used for individuals with plantar fasciitis (plantar foot pain).

足底筋膜炎训练方法:以下训练方案适用于足底筋膜炎患者。


Check with your therapist before performing these exercises to determine the appropriate exercise dosage. In general, perform the stretching exercises 2 to 3 times a day, holding 3 times for 15 seconds each. Perform the strengthening exericses every day for 3 sets of 10 repetitions.

在训练这些方案之前,对于运动剂量咨询你的治疗师。一般来说,每天进行2-3次的牵伸训练,每次牵伸持续15秒。每天进行2组的力量训练,每组进行10次练习。


1. Foot Roller Plantar Massage (图1)

足底滚筒按摩 
Place the Foot Roller on the ground and your bare foot on top. Apply pressure with your foot to the Foot Roller and slowly roll under your foot from the balls of the foot to the heel. Repeat for 5 minutes. Perform this 3 times a day: before you get out of bed in the morning; at noon, and before you go to bed at night.

将滚筒置于地面,赤脚放于滚筒上。从前脚掌到脚跟慢慢按压。重复该运动5分钟,一天练习3次:在起床前、中午以及睡觉前。



图1 Foot Roller Plantar Massage

足底滚筒按摩


2. Foot Roller Great Toe Stretch (图2)

前脚掌牵伸
Place the Foot Roller on the ground and your bare foot on top. Place your big toe on the Foot Roller and the rest of your foot on the ground. Apply pressure with your foot to the FootRoller to stretch the bottom of your foot. Hold the stretch for 3 sets of 15 seconds. Perform this 3 times a day: before you get out of bed in the morning; at noon, and before you go to bed at night.

将滚筒置于地面,赤脚放于滚筒上。大脚趾置于滚筒上。用你的脚提供压力,牵伸前脚掌的底部。保持牵伸3次,每次持续15秒。一天练习3次:在起床前、中午以及睡觉前。

图2 Foot Roller Great Toe Stretch

前脚掌牵伸


3. Stretch: Calf Stretch in Standing (图3)

腓肠肌牵伸
Stand with chair or wall to help support. Place the ankle to be stretched behind your body and other leg slightly forward and bent. Keep knee straight and heel flat of side to be stretched. Lean forward to feel the stretch behind your ankle & calf. Repeat on other side.

站以椅子或墙旁边,将牵伸的腿(膝关节伸直)置于身体后方,另一腿稍弯曲站以前方。向前倾斜身体牵拉腓肠肌。另一腿重复。

图3 Stretch: Calf Stretch in Standing

腓肠肌牵伸


4. Hand Exerciser Toe Flexion Strengthening (图4)

脚趾屈曲训练
Place the Hand Exerciser on the ground. With your bare foot, curl the Hand Exerciser with your toes. Repeat. Begin with the yellow Hand Exerciser. As you improve, progress to the firmer Hand Exercisers.

手部训练球置于地面。脚趾屈曲置于球上,开始使用黄颜色的球,随着力量的改善,逐渐增加难度。

图4 Hand Exerciser Toe Flexion Strengthening

脚趾屈曲训练


5. Hand Exerciser Toe Pick-up (图5)

脚趾捡起手部训练球
Place the Hand Exerciser on the ground. With your bare foot, pick up the Hand Exerciser with your toes and place back down. Repeat. Begin with the yellow Hand Exerciser. As you improve, progress to the firmer Hand Exercisers.

图5 Hand Exerciser Toe Pick-up

脚趾捡起手部训练球


6 Thera-Band Toe Flexion (图6)

脚趾屈曲练习
Place band over sole of foot with one end under the heel and the other over the toes and take up the slack. Crunch the toes downward into band. Hold and slowly return.

图6 Thera-Band Toe Flexion

脚趾屈曲练习


7 Thera-Band Ankle Dorsiflexion (Foot Raises) in Sitting (图7)

坐位踝关节背伸练习
Begin by wrapping the middle of the band around the foot of the ankle you are exercising. Place the ends of the band under the opposite foot to stabilize the band. Grasp the ends of the band at your opposite knee. Lift your foot upward against the band. Hold and slowly return.

用治疗带缠绕于训练侧的踝关节。对侧足部踩着治疗带以固定它,手握着治疗带的末端,高度为膝关节位置,然后抬起足部,抵抗治疗带的阻力。保持并慢慢收回。


图 7 Thera-Band Ankle Dorsiflexion (Foot Raises) in Sitting

坐位踝关节背伸练习


8 Thera-Band Ankle Eversion (in Sitting) (图8)

坐位的外翻训练
Sit in chair. Loop the middle of the band around foot to be exercised. Stabilize the band under your other foot and grasp the ends of the band. Push your foot outward against the resistance of the band. Slowly return.
Tip: Don't rotate your knee to complete the motion.

坐在椅子上。用另一侧足部稳定治疗带,并用手抓住治疗带的末端。将足部朝外以抵抗治疗带。然后慢慢收回。

注意:不要旋转你的膝关节。

图8 Thera-Band Ankle Eversion (in Sitting)

坐位的外翻训练


9 Thera-Band Ankle Plantarflexion in Sitting (图 9)

坐位的跖屈训练
Wrap the middle of the band around your foot. Grasp the ends of the band at your waist, taking up the slack. Push your foot down into the band. Hold and slowly return.

将治疗带的中部缠绕于足部。手抓住治疗带的末端,足部向下踩以抵抗治疗带。然后慢慢收回。



图9 Thera-Band Ankle Plantarflexion in Sitting

坐位的跖屈训练


以下几个小窍门就可以缓解这个疼痛。

1.首先,每天早上醒来后不要急着坐起来,躺着双脚与床面垂直,脚尖向上,脚掌朝小腿正面方向使劲,感到脚跟被牵拉,持续几秒,放松,然后再做这个动作,做几次之后,再起床,症状就会减轻。

  2.坐着的时候,单只脚放在一个比较硬的瓶子上(啤酒瓶、硬质饮料瓶等),踩着瓶子来回的滚动,同时让脚底的肌肉紧绷,这样持续一段时间后,也能缓解疼痛。除了瓶子之外,还可以用圆形的小球,比如高尔夫球。

  3.坐着时候,单腿翘起来,脚蹬一条毛巾中间,双手拉毛巾的两端,使劲把脚往反方向牵拉,也能缓解这种疼痛。



作者介绍





 王雪强 博士,硕士生导师   

上海上体伤骨科医院 康复科主任

上海体育学院 运动康复学系教师

主持国家自然科学基金 1 项

上海市青年科技英才扬帆计划获得者 

主持省部级课题 2 项,厅级课题 1 项

国际Cochrane循证中心 脊柱组 成员

中国康复治疗专业委员会 物理治疗学组委员

上海市康复医学会 理事

荣获国家级教学成果奖 一等奖

荣获上海康复医学科技进步奖 一等奖

近三年,以第一作者和通讯作者发表SCI论文18篇(累计IF>100),主要研究方向运动控制与腰痛,循证医学

审稿专家:中国康复医学杂志,ARCH PHYS MED REHAB,EUR J PHYS REHAB MED,Plos One等SCI期刊。







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