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一．解题思路： 英语动词有谓语（限定）动词与非谓语（非限定）动词之分，谓语动词在句子中做谓语，非谓语动词在句子中做除谓语外的其它成分。谓语动词在解题时要全面考虑三个方面的问题即：时态，语态和主谓一致。时态是重难点，时态指的是一定的时间里动作所处的状态，在解题时我们可以用时态的二分法和四分法去分析时间状语，若句子中没有时间状语，我们可以通过语境的分，去推知动作所发生的时间。在确定谓语动词时态时还要注意说话人的意图及动词的性质。 二．时态的四分法与二分法 时态四分法是把时间分为：过去，现在，将来及过去将来四种，把动作状态分为：一般态，进行态，完成态及完成进行态四种。根据时态的定义，四分法分出了英语中的十六种时态。以ask为例，将英语中十六种时态的构成形式列表如下： 时态二分法是把时间分为相对（相对于动作）具体时间与非具体时间两种，把动作状态分为一般态与具体态两种，具体态包括进行态，完成态及完成进行态。二分法时间与状态的对应关系是：具体时间对应的是具体态，非具体时间对应的是一般态，时态的四分法与二分法的对应关系如下表： 三．将来时的多种表达方式及区别： 四.如何运用四分法与二分法解题 1. Did you predict that many students ______ up for the dance competition? A. would sign B. signed C. have signed D. had signed 答案解析：本题没有时间状语，只能根据语境来推理，按时间的四分法应该是过去，但不知道是过去什么时间，因此按二分法为非具体时间。但本题的关键所在是，说话的人用了反问句，“你不是预言有很多人报名参加舞蹈比赛吗？”言外之意是现在没有几个人报名，因此本题的时态要用现在完成时，固选C为正确答案。注意：我们用四分法与二分法去分析时间，当得出的时间为过去不具体时，往往有两种可能，一是用一般过过去时，二是用现在完成时，关键是要看说话人的意图。 2. ---Tommy is planning to buy a car. ---I know. By next month, he _____ enough for a used one. A. saves B. saved C. will save D. will have saved 答案解析：本题为有时间状语，By next month, 按时间的四分法分，是将来，按二分法是具体时间（段时间为具体时间，且符合具体态中的完成态），固选D，将来完成时。 3. In the last few years thousands of films _____ all over the word. A. have produced B. have been produced C. are producing D. are being produced 答案解析：本题有时间状语，In the last few year，在过去几年里，意思是从几年前到现在，这一段时间，因此要用完成态，本题还要考虑语态问题，固选B，现在完成时的被动语态。 4. On the next birthday, Ann _____married for twenty years. A. is B. has been C. will be D. will have been 答案解析：本题有两个时间状语，On the next birthday与for twenty years ，在Ann的下一个生日，按四分法为将来，for twenty years为段时间，因此本题要用将来完成时，固选D。 5. If you don't like the drink you ______ just leave it and try a different one. A. ordered B. are ordering C. will order D. had ordered 答案解析：本题没有时间状语，根据语境“你要的饮料”，得知为四分法的过去，过去什么时间要的呢，没有具体说明，因此按二分法为不具体，本题也没有强调对现在的影响，固选A一般过去时。 6. Tom _____in the library every night over the last three months. A. works B. worked C. have been working D. had been working 答案解析：本题有时间状语，every night over the last three months，过去三个月里每晚，意为从三个月前到现在这一段时间里，按二分法段时间为具体时间，应用完成态，注意，当时间状语为段时间，且动词可以持续，中间没有间断时，我们在用现在完成进行时，固选C。 7, —Bob has gone to California.—Oh, can you tell me when he _____ ? A. has left B. left C. is leaving D. would leave 答案解析：本题没有时间状语，根据语境推知，按四分法为过去，过去什么时间离开的，说话人是不知道的所以才问，因此按二分法为不具体，同时也没有强调结果或影响，固选B一般过去时。 8. In 1492, Columbus _______ on one of the Bahama Islands, but he mistook it for an island off India. A. lands B. landed C. has landed D. had landed 答案解析：本题有时间状语In 1492，1492年这个时间相对于登陆这一动作为，过去不具体，同时也没有强调结果或影响，固选B一般过去时。 9. It is most instructive lecture that I _______ since I came to this school. A. attended B. had attended C. am attending D. have attended 答案解析：本题有时间状语since I came to this school，意为自从我到这个学校到现在，为段时间，固用现在完成时选D。 10. --Look! Somebody _____the sofa. --Well, it wasn’t me. I didn’t do it. A．is cleaning B．was cleaning C．has cleaned D．had cleaned 答案解析：本题没有时间状语，按四分法与二分法，根据语境推知为，清扫这一动作发生的时间为过去不具体时间，但本题强调的是沙发现在（干净）的状况，固用现在完成时，选C。 11. -Kevin, you look worried. Anything wrong? -Well, I____ a test and I’m waiting for the result. A. will take B. took C. had taken D. take 答案解析：本题没有时间状语，根据语境推知时间为过去不具体，也也没有强调结果或影响，固用一般过去时间，选B 12. I feel so excited! At this time tomorrow morning I _____to Shanghai. A. will be flying B. will fly C. have been flying D. have flown 答案解析：本题有时间状语，At this time tomorrow morning, 按四分法为将，明天的这个时候为具体时间，应用进行时，固选A将来进行时。 13. By the time you have finished this book, your meal ______ cold. A. gets B. has got C. will get D. is getting 答案解析：本题有时间状语，By the time you have finished this book，意思是现在还没有读完这本书，所以按四分法为将来，将来什么时候读完还不清楚，因此按二分法是不具体的，固用一般将来时，选C。 14. The letters for the boss___________ on his desk but he didn't read them until three later. A. were put B. was put C. put D. has put 答案解析：本题没有时间状语，根据四分法与二分法，时间为过去不具体时间，本题还要考虑被动语态，固选B。 15. The manager was concerned to hear that two of his trusted workers ______. A. will leave B. are leaving C. have left D. were leaving 答案解析：本题没有时间状语，根据题意经理关心两个值得信赖的员工，说明经理不想这两个员工离开，两个员工只是打算离开，因此，按四分法时间为过去将来，选D过去进行时可表过去有计划的将来。 五.时态考考你（用所给单词的适当形式填空） 1. Shakespeare’s play Hamlet_____________ (make )into at least ten different films over the past years. 2. Hurry up! Mark and Carl _____________ (expect)us. 3. --- So what is the procedure?--- All the applicants _____________ (interview) before a final decision is made by the authority. 4. The girl has a great interest in sport and _____________ (take)badminton classes twice a week over the last three years. 5. “What do you want to be?” asked Mrs. Crawford. “Oh, I _____________ (be)president,” said the boy, with a smile. 6. Around two o’clock every night, Sue will start talking in her dream. It somewhat _____________ (bother)us. 7. If nothing _____________ (do), the oceans will turn into fish deserts. 8.— Have you heard about the recent election? — Sure, it _____________ (be) the only thing on the news for the last three days. 9. — I don’t understand why you didn’t go to the lecture yesterday afternoon. —I’m so sorry. But I _____________ (do)my homework. 10. Generally, students’ inner motivation with high expectations from others _____________ (be)essential to their development. 11. —What about your self-drive trip yesterday? —Tiring! The road is being widened, and we_____________ (have)a rough ride. 12. I _____________ (come)to visit you later that day, but I had to phone and cancel. 13.. We are confident that the environment _____________ (improve) by our further efforts to reduce pollution. 14. On Monday mornings it usually_____________ (take)me an hours to drive to work although the actual distance is only 20 miles. 15. We _____________ (leave)very early so we packed the night before. 16. When I first met Bryan I didn’t like him, but I_____________ (change)my mind. 17. I felt very tired when I got home, and I_____________ (go)straight to bed. 18. A Midsummer Night's Dream_____________ (open)at the Theatre Royal on 19th June, and then tours throughout Scotland. 19. I’m calling about the apartment you_____________ (advertise)the other day. Could you tell me more about ? 20.The proposal about the annual sales ________ (discuss) at the next board meeting. 21.30 percent of the students who ________ (interview) yesterday believe they should continue with their education until they have a university degree. 22.She described the ancient city in detail because she _________ (live) there for years. 23.In the past few years, traffic problems ________ (become) more and more serious. 24.My mother ________ (enjoy) a better health since we came to live in this beautiful seaside city. 25.Karl probably_________ (see) “Star Wars” several times for he knows every detail of the film. 26.Since five managers are going to give their reports，the meeting _________ (last) for at least two hours. 27.No one can deny that we ______ (make) tremendous progress in the past twenty years. 28.The people injured in the accident ___________ (send) to the nearest hospital for treatment last night. 29. It is important to remember that success is a sum of small efforts made each day and often ________ (take)years to achieve. 30. In my hometown, there is always a harvest supper for the farmers after all the wheat____ (cut). 31. Despite the previous rounds of talks, no agreement______ (reach) so far by the two sides. 32. Jane can’t attend the meeting at 3 o’clock this afternoon because she ______ (teach)a class at that time. 33. The real reason why prices ____ (be), and still are, too high is complex, and no short discussion can satisfactorily explain this problem. 34. Just as I got to the school gate, I realised I ______ (leave)my book in the cafe. 35. As you go through this book, you ________ (find) that each of the millions of people who lived through World War II had a different experience. |
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