第一节：谓语动词时态、语态与主谓一致（1）．谓语时态 谓语动词是中考重点语法考查项目之一，我们在解题时一定要全面考虑谓语动词的三个方面即谓语动词的时态、语态与主谓一致。 1．什么是时态 时态是指一定的时间里动作所处状态，时态是时间与状态的结合，搞清时间与状态是解时态题目的关键。时间可分为过去、现在、将来、过去将来四种，状态有一般态、进行态、完成态及完成进行态四种，因此英语时态理论上有16种，初中阶段只要求我们掌握8种时态的使用，这8种时态以make为例构成如下：  2. 时间与状态的四分法与二分法 时态四分法是把时间分为过去、现在、将来及过去将来四种，把动作状态分为一般态、进行态、完成态及完成进行态四种。时态二分法是把时间分为相对具体时间与非具体时间两种，把动作状态分为一般态与具体态两种，具体态包括进行态，完成态及完成进行态。具体时间与非具体时间是相对于某个动作而言的，当我们不知道或没有必要讲明一个动作发生的具体时间时，这个动作时间视为非具体时间。时间与状态的对应关系是：具体时间对应的是具体态，非具体时间对应的是一般态。例如yesterday这一时间状语，按四分法为过去时间，按二分法相对许多动作都为非具体时间，所以其时态应为一般过去时，再如时间状语this time yesterday, 按四分法为过去时间，按二分法为具体时间, 故其时态应为过去进行时。 3．时态的解题思路 1）利用二分法与四分法分析时间状语。 2）若句子中没有时间状语，先根据语境推理出动作发生的时间，再按二分法与四分进行分析。 3）解时态题时还应注意说话人的用意与动词的性质，比如我们通过二分法与四分法分析得某个时间状语为过去、非具体时间，照理应该用一般过去时，但如果说话人强调的是过去动作对现在产生的影响或结果时，应当用现在完成时。非延续性动词不能用完成时，比如我们不能说：“He has died for three years.” 。 （2）．谓语动词语态 语态指的是主语、谓语与宾语三者之间的关系，当谓语动词为及物动词时，谓语有主动与被动两种语态。若主语为动作的发出者，宾语是动词的承受者，谓语动词用主动语态形式；若主语为动词的承受者，则谓语动词用被动语态形式。谓语动词的被动形式是由be +过去分词构成。初中阶段不规则动词过去式与过去分词如下：    （3）．主谓一致 主谓一致是指谓语受主语支配，谓语动词须和主语在人称和数量上保持一致。当主语为第一或第三人称单数时，多数谓语动词有形态的变化。其变化形式如下：  （4）. 谓语动词强化练习 1.基础练习题 多项选择 1.I _____ scared of dogs ever since a dog hurt me when I was five years old. A.will be B.was C.have been D.would be 2.－Ben and Sue aren’t home, are they? －No. They _____ to London on business. A. have gone B. go C. have been D. will go 3.－Why did the car hit the boy? －Because the driver _____ on the phone at that time. A. talk B. is talking C. was talking D. have talked 4.－Where is Linda? I can’t find her anywhere. －She _____ the flowers in the garden. A. waters B. watered C. is watering D. has been watering 5.Miss Brown, we _____ cleaning our classroom. Can we go home now? A.finish B.finishing C.are finished D.have finished 6.－I called you at half past nine this morning, but there was no answer. －Oh, sorry. I _____ with my cousin in the supermarket. A. shopping B. was shopping C. shopped D. will shop 7.－When _____ you _____ here? －Two days ago. A. did; come B. have; come C. will; come D. do; come 8.－ Where is Joan? － She _____ a novel in her study. A. has read B. reads C. will read D. is reading 9.— Miss Lin _____ my desk-mate with her lessons when I left school. —She is really a nice teacher. A.helps B.is helping C.was helping D. had helped 10.－Shall we go out for a walk. Bill? －I’m afraid not. It _____ outside now. A. was raining B. rained C. is raining D. rains 11.So far, the AIIB（亚投行）_____ 57 countries to be the founding members. A.attracted B.has attracted C.will attract D. attracts 12.－Will you see the film Cinderella with us tonight? －No, I _____ it last week. A.see B.have seen C.saw D. had seen 13.－Do you have any plans for tonight? －Yes ,I _____ at the new Italian restaurant in town. A. eat B. have eaten C. ate D. am going to eat 14.－I called you last night , but you didn’t answer. －Sorry, Grace. I _____ I am A Singer when the phone rang. A.am watching B.was watching C.have watched D. had watched 15.Premier Zhou Enlai _____ for many years, he still lives in the hearts of Chinese people. A.died B.was died C.has been died D.has been dead 16.Mary with her parents often _____ for a walk in the park after supper. A.go B.is going C.are going D.goes 17.We _____ some robots at home in the future, and there _____ some in the office, too. A.will have; will have B.have; will be C.will have; will be D.will have; are 18.－Cathy, can you answer the door? I _____ the room. －I’m coming, mum. A.clean B.cleaned C.have cleaned D.am cleaning 19.－Our classmates went to a concert yesterday afternoon. －What a pity! I _____ my homework. A.had done B.was doing C.am doing D.would do 20.Stop smoking, Joe! You _____ yourself if you keep on doing it like that! A.will kill B.have killed C.kill D.killed 21.－I _____ to the cinema yesterday. －It’s a pity. You didn’t invite me. A.go B.went C.have gone D. have been 22.－Have you watched the new movie Jurassic world, Steven? －Not yet. I _____ it with my cousin this evening. A. will watch B. was watching C. watched D. have watched 23.Too many people were absent. The chairperson warned that he _____ the meeting if necessary. A. would cancel B. cancelled C. would start D. started 24.Mother often tells me, “I hope you _____ what I _____ you to do at school!” A.won’t forget; have told B.don’t forget; will tell C.didn’t forget; tell D.haven’t forgotten; am telling 25.－Hey, Jenny. Let’s go home together. －Just a moment. I _____ an e-mail. A.send B.sent C.am sending D.have sent 26.－Lucy, what were you doing at nine last night? －I _____ the piano. I usually practice the piano at that time. A.play B.played C.was playing D.am playing 27.Over fifty countries _____ the AIIB(亚投行) so far. A.joined B.was joining C.had joined D.have joined 28.Many houses _____ by the earthquake and thousands of people were left homeless. A.damaged B.were damaged C.were damaging D.are damaged 29.—Don’t smoke here, Dad. Smoking _____ in public places. —Oh, sorry. I’ll stop right now. A.isn’t allowed B.aren’t allowed C.doesn’t allow D. don’t allow 30.－Lily, will you go to Jenny’s birthday party this Saturday?－I’m not sure. Because I _____ so far. A.have invited B.wasn’t invited C.have’nt been invited D.will be invited 31.You can’t wear shoes inside this place. It _____. A. doesn’t allow B. isn’t allowed C. hasn’t allowed D. wasn’t allowed 32.UNICEF（联合国儿童基金会）was _____ in 1946. It works to help children live a better life. A. picked up B. put up C. set up D.set out 33.The novel _____ by many people today. A. is read B. are read C. reads D. were read 34.－Did Jack come to our party yesterday? －No, he _____. A. didn’t invite B. wasn’t invited C. isn’t invited D. hasn’t invited 35.－Who’s the baby in the photo? －It’s me. The photo _____ ten years ago. A. took B. was taken C. was taking D. has taken 36.Some students in this school _____ abroad as exchange students every year. A.sent B.send C.are sent D. were sent 37.－Claudia, are you going to Mike’s birthday party on Sunday? －Unless I _____. A.am invited B.invited C.was inviting D. was invited 38.－How clean your car is! －Thank you. It _____ very often. A.is washed B.washes C.was washed D.washed 39.Our new library _____ last year. We enjoy reading and studying in it. A.builds B.built C.is built D.was built 40.A new school _____ last year in my hometown. A.set up B.sets up C.is set up D.was set up 2.提升练习题 用所给词的适当形式填空 1. When _________ it___________ (arrive)? Three hours ago. 2. She won’t study anymore if she _______ (not get) money. 3. You’ll fail in the exam if you _____________ (not work) harder. 4. Kids won’t go to school if they __________ (have) computers. 5. We ___________ (not leave) until we finish planting the trees. 6. Two people ____________ (wait) in line to buy ice cream. 7. I _________ (argue) with my best friend yesterday. 8. Mum isn’t at home .She ____________ ( go) shopping. 9. While John __________ (walk), he saw a cat in the tree. 10. It __________ (look) like snow, doesn’t it? 11. What____________ (happen) at that time? 12. The No. 15 bus stops here, _________ (do) it? 13. I have never been to USA. Neither __________ (have) my sister. 14. The man _______ (fall) off his bike and_________ (lie) on the ground. 15. My brother ______________ (wash) his clothes at 8:00 a.m. yesterday. 16. Where is Mr.Hu? He______________ (go) to Japan. 17. How long ____________you ______________ (copy) the words? 18. Kate told me she ____________ (call) me tomorrow. 19. The police ______________ (watch) him for several weeks. 20. If I don’t finish my homework, my mother ________ (not let) me out. 21. She _________ (buy) a dictionary last week. 22. Li Lei often _________ (help) Lucy learn Chinese. 23. What _______you _________ (do) since I last saw you? 24. Look! Bill is__________ (run).He__________ (practice) running for 3 years. 25. She (wait) for you since 3 o’clock. 参考答案： |
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