如何写出有效的句子并实现长短句交错？

大家好，我是胡晓玉，前面几期内容中，我们讲了简单句，以及有平行结构的并列句和复合句，我们先来练习几道题：

把下面的短句改写成并列句，复合句，或带有分词短语，介词短语的句子。

1 Xu comes from a working-class family. He enrolled in college last fall.

2 The dean issued a bulletin. It said the library would remain open on weekends.

3 Last night was a wild night. The thunder roared. The wind blew a gale. The rain fell in torrents.

(答案 )

1 Xu, who comes from a working-class family, enrolled in college last fall.

2 The dean issued a bulletin, which said the library would remain open on weekends.

3 Last night was a wild night, with the thunder roaring, the wind blowing a gale, and the rain falling in torrents.

简单句强劲有力，复合句能表达复杂的意思，所以在我们写作的时候，可以交错运用，避免文章单调。

从修辞的角度看，句子又分为松散句，圆周句和对偶句。松散句就是先说最重要的意思，因此读者在看到最初的几个词后就知道这句话的意思了；圆周句则相反，把重要的意思放在后面；对偶句就是两个结构相似但意思相反的平行从句。接下来我们来看几个例子你就会明白了：

1 She decided to study English though she was interested in music.

2 It is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife.

3 On hearing the news, he was angered, and I was saddened.

第一句是松散句，比较易懂，简单，自然，第二句是圆周句，比较复杂，正式，第三句是对偶句，能给人留下深刻的印象，用于说明文，议论文中。

如何写有效的句子：

那了解了这些句子的分类后，我们再来看看如何写出一个有效的句子，什么叫做有效的句子，有效的句子有三个特征：一致性，连贯性，以及简洁性。

一致性就是说能表达完整的意思，不包含不紧密的思想，比如：

Dufu was one of the greatest poets of the Tang period.

这里如果把Tang period去掉，就不完整了哦。

连贯性指句子各部分之间具有清晰，合理的联系，句子中词语和各部分应恰当衔接。不连贯的句子有以下几种毛病：平行结构使用有误，代词指代不清晰，悬垂修饰，在人称，数，语气，时态上有混乱之处。

比如说这句话：

She began to speak very fast at the meeting at ten o'clock.

这句话有点让人摸不着头脑的感觉，逻辑混乱，应该是先说会议在10点开始，然后她开始讲话，而且讲得很快。所以呢，有效的句子应该是这样滴：

The meeting began at ten o'clock, and she started to speak. She spoke very fast.

那什么是简洁性呢？就是句子不应有任何不必要的词，只要意思表达充分了，用词越少越好。

Mr. Smith usually likes to drink all kinds of wines that are produced in France.这句话有些wordy，改成Mr.Smith prefers French wines. 不是更加简介吗，你说是不是？

如何实现句子的强调性与多样性？

那有了上面三个特性的句子是不是就很好了呢？其实要想拿高分，有效的句子还应该有强调性和多样性。

凡是重要的意思都应该在表达予以强调，人们说话时可用各种方法，如提高声调，放慢语速，使用短句或加上手势表示强调，写文章的时候也有办法强调句子或词语。句子体现出强调性的方式如下：

短句：The sky was overcast. A north wind was blowing.

倒装句：In rushed the noisy children.

平行结构与对偶句：On hearing the news, he was angered, and I was saddened.

祈使句：Don't move!

修辞句或反问句：Didn't I tell you that？ Can you believe that?

否定-肯定陈述句：The delegates shouted and quarreled. It was not a meeting; it was a farce.

有重复词或短语的句子：Government of the people, by the people, for the people shall not perish from the earth.

说完了强调性，那多样性该怎么实现呢？短句与长句交错，简单句，并列句和复合句，圆周句和松散句都应交叉使用，也可以偶尔用一个问句，祈使句，或感叹句。但是不能为了多样性而频繁改变句型，句子结构和长度首先由所表达的思想来决定的。

下面的一段选自丘吉尔就希特勒侵苏发表的演说，丘吉尔在有力地表达他的观点和决心的同时使用了多种句型：

I have to declare the decision of His Majesty's Government - and I feel sure it is a decision in which the great Dominions will in due concur – for we must speak out now at once, without a day's delay. I have to make the declaration, but can you doubt what our policy will be? We have but one aim and one single, irrevocable purpose. We are resolved to destroy Hitler and every vestige of the Nazi regime. From this nothing will turn us – nothing. We will never parley; we will never negotiate with Hitler or any of his gang.

作业：修改下面的病句，改成有效的句子。感兴趣的同学可以平台留言你的答案哦~

1 Bernard Shaw wa one of the best-known playwrights.

2 I read the novel on the train, which did not interest me at all.

3 A well-dressed man admitted us to the house, and we later learned that he was a thief.

4 The cause of the flood was due to the heavy rain in late spring.