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重视词组积累，提升完形填空 文 | 杨华新 言欢 全国卷英语高考对完形填空的考查不仅仅局限于对动词短语的考查，也包括介词短语和形容词词组等等的考查。 中学阶段英语词组林林总总，种类繁多，同一词组可能有多个意思，不同的词组之间在意义或用法上又相互有交集。那么，在瀚如林海的词组中，如何才能更高效地积累和记忆高考的高频词组呢？笔者结合自己连续11年任教高三毕业班的从教经历和经验，谈谈个人的看法和建议。 一. 学会联想，举一反三 可根据同一动词进行联想。如一看到动词take，脑海里浮现出哪些词组呢？take up占据；占用 take down取下；记下 take away拿走 take on呈现；承担；招聘 take back拿回；收回 take over接管；接替；继承 take in吸收；接纳；欺骗 take off脱下；起飞 take out拿出 take apart拆开 take...to... 把......带到...... take notes做笔记 take pictures/photos照相 take...for granted认为......理所当然 take one’s time慢慢来 take care of照顾 take it easy不要紧；放松点 ...... 也可以根据同一个介词/副词，联想到不用的动词搭配。如介词up，就可以带动以下的动词短语记忆：look up仰望；查阅 give up放弃 put up贴起；举起；挂起 stand up站起 stay up熬夜 take up占用；占据 pick up捡起；搭载 keep up保持 turn up调高；出现 bring up抚养大 break up分裂；瓦解 call up打电话 come up出现；发生 cut up切碎 get up起床 hold up举起；妨碍 set up建立 think up想出；想到 grow up成长；长大 shut up闭口；住嘴 build up树立；建立 send up发送；发射 end up以......告终 pile up堆积 hang up挂起；挂断电话 dry up干涸 blow up充气；炸毁 sum up总结 use up用完 eat up吃光 warm up热身 make up编造；和好；构成；化妆 cheer up （使）振作 show up出现 go up上升；上涨 draw up 起草；拟定 二. 同义近义，归纳记忆 总共 in all / in total 打开 turn on / switch on 敲门 knock at / knock on 听说 hear of / hear about 展览 on show / on display 拆毁 tear down / pull down 处于危险 in danger / at risk 取笑 laugh at / make fun of 呼吁/号召 call on / appeal to 梦想 dream of / dream about 意外地 by accident / by chance 到达 get to / arrive in / arrive at 害怕 be afraid of / be scared of 赚钱 make money / earn money 参观/访问 call on / pay a visit to 在现场 on the spot / on the scene 谋生 make a living / earn a living 解决/计算出 work out / figure out 乱七八糟的 in a mess / out of order 替代；代替 instead of / in place of 充满/装满 be filled with / be full of 过时的 out of date / out of fashion 集中精神 focus on / concentrate on 指控 accuse...of... / charge...with... 处理 deal with / do with / cope with 寻找 look for / search for / hunt for 充当/担任 serve as / act as / work as 匮缺/短缺 be short of / be lacking in 单独；独自 by oneself / on one’s own 区分 tell...from... / distinguish...from... 动身去 head for / leave for / set off for 利用 make use of / take advantage of 存钱 / 放在一边set aside / put away 过着......生活 live a ... life / lead a... life 用这种方法 in this way / by this means 位于 lie in / be located in / be situated in 与......合作 team up with / co-operate with 小心/提防 look out (for) / watch out (for) 依赖/指望 depend on / rely on / count on 以......为代价 at the cost of / at the price of 成功做到 succeed in doing / manage to do 马上/立即 at once / right away / in no time 高度评价 think highly of / speak highly of 胜任 be equal to / be qualified for / be up to 对......表示尊重 show respect for / look up to 向......道歉 apologize to / make an apology to 反对 disagree with / object to / disapprove of 着手(做) set about (doing) / get down to (doing) 留意到/注意到 pay attention to / take notice of 求助于 turn to sb. (for help) / seek help from sb. 对......有信心 be confident of / have confidence in 吓死某人 scare sb. to death / frighten sb. to death 遇到麻烦/陷入困境 be in trouble / get into trouble 有时候 at times / from time to time / once in a while 关系密切 have much to do with / be closely related to 去......旅游 have a trip to / make a trip to / take a trip to 导致/带来 lead to / result in / bring about / contribute to 各种各样的 all kinds of / a variety of / a wide range of 对......厌倦 be tired of / be bored with / be fed up with 偶遇/邂逅 run into / bump into / knock into / come across 对......有益/有利 be good for / be beneficial to / do good to 在一定的程度上 in a way / in some way / to some degree 对......负责 be responsible / be in charge of / take charge of 忙于某事 be busy with / be occupied with / be engaged in 热衷于 be crazy about / be keen on / be enthusiastic about 给......留下印象 make an impression on / leave an impression on 对......有害 be harmful to / be bad for / do harm to / do damage to 对......感兴趣 be interested in / take an interest in / show an interest in 对......有影响 have an effect on / have an impact on / have an influence on 总之 in brief / in short / in conclusion / in a word / all in all / on the whole 实际上/事实上 in fact / in truth / in practice / in reality / as a matter of fact 擅长/精通 be good at / be skilled in / do well in / have a good command of 习惯/适应 get used to / get accustomed to / adapt (oneself) to / adjust (oneself) to 三. 一词多义，多加留神 turn down 调小；拒绝 look up 向上看；查阅 refer to提及；参考；查阅 pick up 捡起；搭载；顺便学会 stand by 支持；袖手旁观 take off 脱衣服；起飞 call on 号召；拜访 turn up 调高；出现 put on 穿衣；上演；增重 go through 浏览；经历；穿过 lie in 位于；在于 call for 要求；号召；需要 put away 拿好；存钱 give away 分发；泄漏；赠送 lead to 通向；导致 get through 完成；通过 appeal to 呼吁；对......有吸引力 out of order 乱七八糟；出了故障 set out 着手；出发 take in 吸收；招纳；招聘 turn over 翻转；颠覆 let out发出；泄漏 take care 小心；保重 look into 往......里面看；调查 pay off 还清；有回报 work out 计算出；解决 break down 出故障；分解 break in 插嘴；闯入 get away 走开；逃脱 get over 克服；恢复 hold back 阻挡；控制 hold up 举起；阻挡 keep an eye on 留意；照看 pick out 挑选；认出 set off 出发；引爆 look through 浏览；看透 take down 拿下；记下 ...... 四. 貌合神离，切勿混淆 in a word 总之 in words 口头上 a most 一个非常的 the most 最......的 in class 在课堂上 in the class 在班上 by sea 通过海道 by the sea 在大海边 in office 任职 in the office 在办公室里 make sense 有道理 make sense of 理解 hear from 收到......来信 hear about 听说 charge..with 指控 charge...for... 要价/收费 before long不久之后 long before 很久之前 a second 再一次；又一次 the second 第二次 by bus 乘坐公共汽车 on the bus 在公共汽车上 be tired of 对......厌倦 be tired from 因......疲惫 think about 思考；考虑 think of 思考；想起；认为 in charge of 负责；主管 in the charge of 由......负责/掌管 in front of 范围外的前面 in the front of 范围内的前部 for a moment 片刻；一会儿 for the moment 目前；暂时 take advantage of 利用 have an advantage over 比......有优势 be concerned about 担心；关心 be concerned with 与......有关 out of question 毫无疑问；没问题 out of the question 不可能 have a word with sb. 与某人谈话 have words with sb. 与某人吵架 be strict with sb. 对某人要求严格 be strict in/about sth. 对某事严格 hand in 上交 hand...to...把......交给 call on拜访(人) call at参观(地) 五. 实战演练，挑战自我 1. 单句填空 根据以下的语境填上合适的介词或副词。 （1）She is a fashionable girl who is particular _____________ clothes. （2）I was rather angry ____________ him because he didn’t keep his word and let out my secret ___________ public. （3）I’m not familiar ____________ your hometown. Can you introduce it ___________ me ___________ detail? （4）He is not capable ___________ doing the job well. In other words, he is not equal ___________ the job. （5）Everyone speaks highly ___________ him because he is always so devoted ____________ whatever he does. （6）Mary is short ________ money. In other words, she is lacking _________ money. （7）All the students in our school have access ____________ the books in the library. （8）Your viewpoint is similar _________ mine, but totally different _________ theirs. （9）Yesterday he was present ____________ the opening ceremony, but now he is absent ___________ the lecture. （10）It’s rude manners to be curious ____________ others’ private business. （11）The survey was carried out ____________ the form of small group. （12）The books are not placed ___________ good order. They are __________ a mess. （13）After the destructive earthquake, the citizens found the whole city ___________ ruins and everything ____________ bad condition. （14）I have tried repeatedly to persuade him to quit smoking, but ____________ vain. （15）Vegetables and fruits are rich ___________ vitamins, which is beneficial ____________ our health. 2. 单句改错 找出以下每句话的错误并在它们下面改正过来。 （1）We are thankful for him for helping us out of trouble. （2）My brother is fond of painting while I’m keen about writing. （3）The traffic accident resulted in the carelessness of the driver. （4）Poor as he is, the little boy has a strong desire about knowledge. （5）What’s your reaction of the matter? Are you for it or against it? （6）My father is in the charge of the project and he is doing a good job. （7）You should change your attitude to your work and be more serious to it. （8）He was infected with viruses and died of a disease known for cholera. （9）With the entrance exam to college drawing near, we are in great pressure. （10）We all speak highly of the nurse who is always patient to all the patients. （11）Do you have any difficulty for your new job? If so, please turn me for help. （12）Never shall we be ignorant of the traffic rules, or we may get in trouble and our lives may be in risk. （13）Standing in the stage for the first time, I was unconfident to myself, but soon I calmed myself down. （14）Although the old man is on poor health and lives a poor life, he always stays optimistic about life. （15）Mr. Wang, our physics teacher, is always enthusiastic for teaching and is responsible at what he does. 3. 同义转换 选出与以下每句话中划线部分意义最接近的选项 （1）The government appeals to all the citizens to take immediate action to protect the environment. A. keeps back B. puts forward C. takes in D. calls on （2）So tough is the problem that I don’t know how to cope with it on my own. A. give up B. deal with C. make out D. look for （3）In the distance I saw someone walking towards me, but I couldn’t figure out who it was for the thick fog. A. make out B. take out C. get out D. pick out （4）Last week, Lucy’s mother fell ill, so she had to attend to her younger brother and sister at home in place of her mother. A. take part in B. take care of C. get back D. tend to （5）In case of a rainy day, she always sets aside some money in a bank each month. A. puts away B. gives away C. gets away D. takes away （6）We waited and waited. In the end, the last bus turned up. A. brought up B. held up C. showed up D. got up （7）I live in harmony with the people around and we never quarrel with each other. A. stay far away from B. share a lot with C. get along well with D. live up to （8）Your books are in a mess. Please sort them out on the bookshelf. A. out of work B. out of order C. out of date D. out of balance （9）My parents have an impact on my growth and development greatly. A. have an effect on B. have an operation on C. have pity on D. have mercy on （10）Don’t count on her so heavily. She seems not so reliable. A. put on B. look on C. keep on D. depend on （11）As a matter of fact, I disapprove of what he said at the meeting this afternoon. A. go against B. agree with C. object to D. look into （12）The hope to do away with the unfair and unreasonable system immediately. A. put an end to B. get ready for C. make sense of D. stay away from （13）Without doubt, most of us subscribe to the view that all men are born equal and that everyone should be treated with equality. A. stick to B. agree with C. turn out D. pick up （14）They headed for the town early in the morning hoping to get there on time. A. looked forward to B. set off for C. made preparations for D. got down to （15）Having been out of work for a week, he is hunting for a new job here and there. A. breaking down B. ending up C. taking on D. looking for 4. 完成句子 根据括号中的中文意思写出相应的词组（答案不限一个） （1）___________ (小心) when you cross the street, or you might be hit by a coming car. （2）Some students seem to be ___________ (厌倦) wearing the same school uniform every day. （3）In fact, she didn’t ignore you on purpose just now. She just didn’t ___________ (留意/注意) you. （4）Let’s stop chatting. It’s high time that we ___________ (着手) doing our homework now. （5）I find it almost impossible for me to complete such a challenging task ___________ (独立/独自). （6）If possible, please ___________ (探望/拜访) me at any time when you’re available. （7）There are a wide range of goods ___________ (展示) on the counters in this supermarket. （8）Have you ___________ (听说) such a scary story like this before? （9）It’s foolish to develop economy ___________ (以......为代价) destroying the environment. （10）The traffic police were questioning the eyewitness (在现场) ___________ who knew the whole story. （11）Don’t forget to ___________ (关上) the gas after taking a bath. （12）___________ (实际上), not everyone is fond of learning English, as you have just pointed out. （13）In the very beginning, he didn’t ___________ (习惯/适应) the life here, but as time went by, he enjoyed the local lifestyle step by step. （14）I ___________ (邂逅) one of my former classmates when taking a trip to Macao. （15）___________ (总之), I’m not in favor of his view that men are superior to women. 请同学们认真做完后，再对答案！ 答案解析: 1. 单句填空 （1）about “对......挑剔/讲究”用be particular about （2）with; in 因为“生某人的气”be angry with sb.，“在公共场合；公开地”in public （3）with; to; in “对...熟悉”be familiar with，“把......介绍给......” introduce...to...，“详细地；具体地”in detail （4）of; to “能干；能够做某事”be capable of doing = be able to do sth.，“胜任某事”be equal to （5） of; to “对......评价高”think / speak highly of，“致力于”be devoted to / devote oneself to （6）of; in “......短缺”be short of = be lacking in= lack （7）to 因为have access to“可利用；可得到；可接触；可达到”之意 （8）to; from “和......类似”用be similar to，“与......不同”用be different from。 （9）at; from “出席；在场” be present at, “缺席” be absent from （10）about “对......好奇” be curious about （11）in “以......形式” in the form of （12）in; in “井井有条；有条不紊” in order，反义词out of order或 in a mess“乱七八糟的” （13）in; in “处于废墟” lie in ruins，“状况好/差” in good / bad condition （14）in “徒劳；白费劲” in vain （15）in; to “在.....丰富/富含” be rich in，反义词是 be low in，“对......有益” be beneficial to = be good for = do good to 2. 单句改错 （1）把第一个for改为to，因为“感激某人”用 be thankful / grateful to sb. （2）把about改为on，因为be keen on是固定搭配，表示“热衷于......” （3）把in改为from，因为result in是“导致”，而result from才是“由......引起” （4）把about改为for，因为have a strong desire for是固定搭配，表示“渴望得到......” （5）把of改为to，因为reaction或react后接介词to，表示“对......的反应” （6）把第一个the去掉，因为人负责某事用in charge of，表示“负责”，而in the charge of往往是事情/事物充当主语，表示“由……负责” （7）把第二个to改为about，因为be serious about是“对......认真严肃” （8）把for改为as，因为(be) known as是“被认为是/被称为”的意思 （9）把in改为under，因为表示“压力很大”用be under great pressure表示 （10）把to改为with，因为“对......有耐心”用be patient with （11）把第一个for改为with，因为表示“在......遇到困难”用have difficulty / trouble with表示；在turn后加to，因为turn to表示“向某人求助” （12）把in改为into，或把get改为be，因为“遇到困难/陷入困境”可用 get into trouble或be in trouble来表示；把第二个in改为at，因为at risk表示“处于危险中” （13）把in改为on，因为on the stage“在舞台上”；把to改为of，因为be confident/ unconfident of表示“对......有/没有信心” （14）把on改为in，因为in good / poor health表示“身体健康/欠佳” （15）把for改为about，因为be enthusiastic about“对......有激情”；at改为for，因为be responsible for“对/为......负责” 3. 同义转换 （1）appeal to在此是“号召/呼吁”之意，与call on对应，故选D。 （2）cope with是“处理/应对”之意，与之对应的是deal with，故选B。 （3）figure out在此意为“辨认出；分辨出”，与make out近义，故选A。 （4）attend to在句中是“照顾/照料”之意，意思与take care of 贴近，故选B。 （5）puts away在此是“存钱”之意，与sets aside是同义词，故选A。 （6）turn up在词表示“出现”，和show up同义，故选C。 （7）live in harmony with“与......和谐相处”，相当于get along well with，故选C。 （8）in a mess“乱七八糟的”，与out of order“杂乱无章的”对应，故选B。 （9）have an impact on“对......有影响”，相当于have an effect on，故选A。 （10）count on意为“指望；依赖”，意思与depend on贴近，故选D。 （11）disapprove of“不同意/不赞成”，与 object to“反对”同义，故选C。 （12）do away with“废除”，与put an end to“终止”近义，故选A。 （13）subscribe to有“赞成；订购”之意，在此和agree with同义，故选B。 （14）head for是“前往/出发”之意，set off for“动身去”，故选B。 （15）hunt for在句中表“寻找”，与look for同义，故选D。 4. 完成句子 （1）Watch out / Look out / Take care （2）tired of / fed up with / bored with （3）pay attention to / take notice of （4）set about / got down to （5）by myself / on my own （6）call on / pay a visit to （7）on show / on display （8）heard of / heard about （9）at the cost of / at the price of （10）on the scene / on the spot （11）turn off / switch off / shut off （12）In fact / In reality / In practice / In truth / As a matter of fact （13）get used to / get accustomed to / adapt (himself) to / adjust (himself) to （14）came across / ran into / knocked into / bumped into / met with / encountered with （15）In short / In brief / In a word / In conclusion / In summary / On the whole / All in all --完-- 如何高效备考？？ 请看高效备考的秘密！
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