SCI写作入门，掌握模块化像搭积木一般欢乐

BIGMER 2017-08-24

展开全文

SCI期刊里的Artcle正文都会分成几个部分：Introduction/Background、Materials and Methods、Recults和Discussion，有的期刊还要Conclusion。这跟中国古代讲究起承转合的八股文有异曲同工之妙，其特点就是每个段落都有固定格式。SCI模板化的写作方式如何操作？

Introduction短小精悍

Introduction的难点在于如何用几句话就把背景介绍、别人工作成果、自己的研究目的及工作给介绍清楚。在介绍别人工作时只需介绍和自己最相关的方面 (very relevant)，而对自己的工作介绍也不用说明细节。

Introduction第一句都是介绍研究领域的相关大背景。比如肿瘤研究文章中就是某种具体cancer的背景介绍。包括疾病的严重程度，临床治疗难度，对其进行研究的必要性和紧迫性等等。

常用的句式有：

AA tumor is a leading cause of cancer mortality in .../The high mortality rate of xx tumor is in part due to lack of early detection of xx cancer marker/Resistance to existing the rapies in AA tumor is a major problem in AA field.

第二句是细化的研究领域介绍。比如具体课题涉及到的信号通路在疾病研究中进展的介绍，或者你要研究的基因在某种疾病中以前有怎样的报道发现，这些内容都是进行一项研究的原因，也就是所谓研究内容的合理性。

常用的句式有：

One signaling pathway that has been a focus of active research in xx disease is AA.
Previous reports showed that AA pathway is involved in the regulation of AA disease via xx protein.
xx binding to AA receptor (promoter) causes downstream activation ofthe AA signaling, resulting in AA disease.

这时候，你还可以秀下自己的文献累积，将自己搜到的相关文献按照研究现状进行总结。在叙述前人成果之后，第三句可以用However来引导不足，提出一种新方法或新方向。

常用的句式有：

However, little information little attention/ little work/ little data/ little research……has (have) been done on (focused on/attempted to/ conducted/ investigated/ studied(with respect to).

这里的little可以换成意思相近的few, none等等。然后从相关背景引出自己的研究内容和观点。

常用的句式有：

We aim to /This paper reports on/ This paper provides results/ This paper extends the method/ This paper focus on/ The purpose of this paper is to/ Furthermore, Moreover, In addition, we will also discuss……

最后，还可以总结性地提出“这一研究对其它研究有什么帮助；或者说further studies on……will be summarized in our next study (or elsewhere)。把读者的思路集中到你要讨论的问题上，引出下文。

Methods和Recults要老实

Materials and Methods这部分就是实验报告，一是介绍实验对象和实验资料，另一方面则是写清楚实验方法和数据处理的方法。在这部分中要介绍清楚每种实验的设计方案，用了什么样的试剂，每一步骤处理时间，操作手法等等。最后还有必不可少的statistical analysis部分，写出数据处理的盲选法、测量指标及判断差异结果的标准等等。

这部分讲真除了你的同行也不太有人会看，但是，同行可是个可怕的生物，被发现试验方法有错误的后果可是动摇根本的。

Recults最关键的一点就是实事求是，有一说一，千万不能弄虚作假。

Discussion看功底

Discussion之所以难写，是因为这里面最能够显示一个作者研究问题的深度和广度。深度就是论文对于提出问题的研究到了一个什么样的程度，广度指是否能够从多个角度来分析解释实验结果。

开始可以回顾研究的主要目的或假说。通常就用一句话来重申你的研究内容，此时可参考引言部分，但不要直接复制，即使是重复内容也要改变一下语句。同时探讨文章所得结果与科学假说是否相符合及其原因。

然后可以说自己的实验结果，如果是阳性的话，常用：

The A produced the best results.
The best results were obtained by A; using this method, the IPE was separated by microdissection after treatment with an enzyme solution, which decreased the trauma produced by prolonged exposure to the enzyme and the mechanical injuries caused by the direct dissection method.
The A, which yields the best results for isolating IPE from autopsy eyes, yielded better results for the surgical specimens.

与前人结果比较就写：

Recently epidemiological and molecular biological studies indicate that A1 is different from A2 and similar to A3, e.g., the occurrence of A1 is related to the sunlight exposure and mutation of BRAF gene, whereas the B2 are not.
The difference between the A1 and A2 may be determined by the different environmental and cellular factors of the B1 and B2.
These results indicated that X only stimulated cell growth at a high concentration.
After supplementation with X, A growth was stimulated, but mitotic activity declined rapidly after a few passages.
These effects were dose-dependent at the range from --- to --- M