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英语的五种基本句型结构： 主语 + 不及物动词 (SV) 主语 + 连系动词 (SVC) 主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 (SVO) 主语 + 及物动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语(SVOD) 主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语(SVOC) 1. S + V He works. He is studying. ① 主语 ＋ 谓语(vi.) ＋ 状语(从句) The sun sets in the west. He went nowhere ② 主语 ＋ 谓语(vi.) ＋ 名词短语 We had come a long way. He waited (for) two years. 2. S + V + C He is a student / in yellow / there… ① 主语 + be + 表语 表语由下列词充当：名词、形容词、副词、介词（短语）、动词不定式、分词（短语）、动名词、从句等 ② 主语 + 其它连系动词 + 表语 这些连系动词包括：appear, continue, feel, go(变成), keep, lie(处于…状态), look, prove, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, become, come, fall, get, grow, turn Bob lay sick. His dream comes true. 3. S + V + O An idea struck me. ① 主语 ＋ 谓语(v. + prep) ＋ 宾语 It depends on the weather. 备用词：act as, agree on / with / to, arrive in (at), come across, base on, break into, suffer from, lead to, prefer to, think of, fire at, reach for, quarrel about, worry about ② 主语 ＋ 谓语(v. + adv.) ＋ 宾语 I thought over the plan. I thought it over. 备用词：bring out (up), think out, turn off (on , out, down), give in NOTICE: v + adv. + prep. get along with, add up to, do away with, break away with, keep up with, go ahead with, go through with v. + n. + prep make use of, make fun of, catch sight of, take care of, take the place of, take a look at, take pride in ③ 主语 ＋ 谓语 ＋ 宾语 ＋ 介词 ＋ 宾语 The teacher punished him for being late. Congratulate him on his success. Compare this with that. 4. S + V + O + D (间接宾语由代词和名词充当) ① 主语 + 谓语 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语 Will you lend me your pen, please ? She bought him many toys. ② 主语 + 谓语 + 直接宾语 + 介词 + 代词或名词 Will you lend your pen to me, please ? She bought many toys for him. 备用词：pay, give, hand, sell, pass, offer, explain, sing, leave 5. S + V + O + C 宾语和宾补之间的关系有两种：主表关系； 主谓关系。宾语可由形容词、副词、介词、动词不定式充当 主表：① I find the book interesting. (主谓宾＋形容词) ② I saw him there. (主谓宾＋副词) ③ I found the book on the desk. (主谓宾＋介词) ④ We elected him monitor. (主谓宾＋名词) 主谓：①They saw the thief running away. (主谓宾 + 现在分词） ②Where did you see him knocked down? (主谓宾＋过分词) ③ What makes you think so ? (主谓宾＋动词不定式) |
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