Story for Kids: The Chickenpox Blister Sisters 儿童故...

Case File: Blister Sisters

案件名称：水疱姊妹

Real Name: Varicella-Zoster Virus

真名：水痘一带状疱疹病毒

Microbe Type: Virus

微生物类型：病毒

Profile

简介

Varicella-zoster is the virus that causes chickenpox. It usually attacks just once in a lifetime and most often sets its sights on kids.

 

水痘一带状疱疹病毒是引起水痘的病毒，它通常一生中只攻击一次，而且大多数时候会把目标投向儿童。

The virus is best known for making its victims itch like crazy from the rash of blisters that it causes. Once it gets going, chickenpox is very contagious and can catch up with anyone in its path who’s not received chickenpox vaccine. 

这种病毒最著名的就是导致受害者起水疱疹，并且觉得疯狂瘙痒。一旦开始发作，水痘非常容易传染，能感染那些没来得及接种水痘疫苗的人。

Fortunately, you can make yourself nearly invincible against chickenpox if you get the vaccine.

幸运的是，你可以通过接种疫苗来让自己在水痘面前近乎“无敌”。

01

Powers & Abilities 能力

Greatest Strength: Extremely contagious.

最大强项：传染性极强

Chickenpox's strongest power is in making victims feel sick, itchy, and miserable for a week or so. 

水痘最厉害的是让受害者感到不适、瘙痒以及一周左右的痛苦。

02

Preferred Victims 偏爱的受害者

Chickenpox focuses on kids, attacking mostly those younger than 15. Adults who do get infected, though, are more likely than kids to have serious complications.

水痘专攻小孩子，最常见攻击15岁以下的儿童。成年人感染后可能会引发比儿童更严重的并发症。

03

Known Weaknesses 已知的弱点

Greatest Weakness: Nearly powerless to penetrate the defenses of the vaccine

最大弱点：几乎无法攻破疫苗的防御

• Most vaccinated people (around 80 percent) will be completely protected.

  大部分已接种人群（约80%）将得到完全保护

  
  

• A small number (15 percent to 20 percent) of vaccinated people may still get chickenpox but will have a milder case and a faster recovery.

  小部分（15%-20%）已接种疫苗的人群可能仍会感染水痘，不过症状会较为轻微，也能较快恢复。

Once someone is infected, chickenpox cannot be stopped, but its symptoms can be treated. Cool baths and calamine lotion (which has special mineral oils that treat rashes, bumps, and bruises) can help people feel less itchy.

人一旦被感染，水痘就无法阻止，不过它的症状可以治疗。冷水澡以及炉甘石液（含有特殊的矿物油可以治疗皮疹、肿块以及淤伤）可有助患者减缓瘙痒。

04

Criminal Record 犯罪记录

Chickenpox has been doing its dirty work for a long time. The disease was first described more than 400 years ago. In 1767, an English doctor, William Heberden, realized two important things.

水痘的卑鄙行为已经持续很长时间了。这种疾病在400多年以前第一次被描述。1767年，一名叫威廉·赫伯登的英国医生意识到两件重要事情：

First, he showed that chickenpox is different from the more deadly disease smallpox. 

第一，他发现水痘与更致命的天花是不一样的。

Second, he showed that once a person has had chickenpox, that person usually never gets it again (in other words, they’re protected for life). 

第二，他发现人一旦患过水痘，就不会再感染（换句话说，他们终生能受到保护）。

The chickenpox vaccine was first used in Japan and Korea in 1988 and became available in the U.S. in 1995.

水痘疫苗于1988年首次在日本和韩国使用，而美国到了1995年才有。

（来源：美国疾控中心）