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全文共计3755字，阅读约需要13分钟。 听写音频下载链接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1i4DjO9J 密码：5o4u Book 6 Unit 2 听写检测 I. Listen and write down the words you hear.(15marks) twice 3 minutes 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. II. Listen and write down the phrases, and then translate them into Chinese. (25 marks)twice 3 minutes
III. Listen to the sentences and fill in the missing words. (20marks) twice 4 minutes
IV. Listen and write down the sentences. (20marks) three times 3 minutes V. Listen to the passage and fill in the missing words. (20 marks) twice 4 minutes Dear James, I learn that you've smoked for some time and find it difficult to give it up. You know, during 1. I was also addicted to 2. . As I know, you can become addicted in three different ways. Firstly, you can become physically addicted to nicotine. I remember when this chemical left my body I was feeling 3. . Secondly, you can become addicted by habit. That is, if you do the same thing again and again, you begin to do it 4. . Lastly, you can become 5. addicted. I was addicted in all theree ways. But hard as it was , I managed to 6. smoking anyway. Do you know that there are many 7. of smoking? For example, it can do great damage to your heart and 8. and it is more difficult for smoking couples to become 9. . What's more, it can affect the health of non-smokers. I used to enjoy sports but later I noticed I became10. quickly. I knew it was time to give up smoking. I've attached some advice I found on the Internet. I hope it will be of some help to you. Love from Grandad. 听写答案 I 1.alcohol 2.weaken 3.fitness 4.obesity 5.strengthen 6.packet 7.relaxation 8.survival 9.resolve 10.female 11.male 12.prejudice 13.judgement 14.awkward 15.automatic II（中文略） 1.drug abuse 2.a tough job 3.mental labour 4.get into trouble 5.illegal activities 6.a needle and thread 7.an embarrassed smile 8.beyond comprehension 9.relieve stress 10.a desperate attempt III 1.unfit to 2.accustomed to 3.tough on 4.put at risk 5.ashamed to 6.decide on; taking risks 7.stressed the importance of 8.due to 9.was banned from 10.is addicted to IV
V 1.adolescence 2.cigarettes 3.bad-tempered 4.automatically 5.mentally 6.quit 7.harmful effects 8.lungs 9.pregnant 10.breathless 还记得2012年甚嚣尘上的“世界末日说”么？世界末日在英语中可表达为Judgment Day或Doomsday。judgment是抽象名词，单纯从所给汉语释义无法参透其背后含义，通过给出动词词根释义学习名词释义，再结合英语释义是学习抽象名词的好方法，有助于更全面、更准确地掌握judgment的释义。下面我们一起来看看judge和judgment的具体释义和搭配： 高考风向标 judge ♂ judge作动词时释义较多，其基本义是 “判断”。针对不同的对象，在不同的语境中产生不同的含义，即衍生义； ♂ 可通过judge基本义启发学生理解不同语境下的其他释义，也可培养学生通过建立基本义和衍生义之间的联系来记忆各层释义； judgment: ♂judgment多出现在高考阅读理解中，考查其在不同语境中的含义，应重点理解其释义。 抽象名词学习法 对于高中生来说，理解并做到熟练运用抽象名词比较困难，需要有教师的指导。首先，教师要对高中阶段所能接触到的抽象名词进行大致的分类，再根据抽象名词的不同特点，采用不同的方法，给学生以针对性的点拨。 针对高中阶段所涉及的抽象名词，我们可以采用以下几种方法教授。 像attitude，feeling，advantage等抽象名词可以很好地和中文对应，学生通过汉语释义即可掌握。 具象化释义和抽象化释义之间的联系是理解抽象名词释义的一个诀窍。当遇见多义抽象名词时，要帮助学生挖掘各义项间的联系，梳理具象化释义与抽象化释义之间的联系。 三、通过英语释义 四、通过词源义了解词汇的内涵 梳理词源义有助于学生把握词汇的根基，是学生理解词汇内涵的有效手段之一。 五、通过动词词根释义 由动词派生而来的抽象名词，可以通过理解、掌握动词的释义来帮助理解抽象名词的释义。 Key: 一、1.judg(e)ment 2. judging 3. about / on 二、1. 判断 2. 裁判 3. 评价 4. 估计 本单元出现strengthen (加强)，weaken(减弱) 两个动词，二者互为反义词，共同特征是在词根后加动词后缀-en变为动词。-en意为“使具有某种特性”，多加在形容词或名词后构成动词，如：broaden, darken, deepen, fasten,frighten, harden, lengthen, lessen, loosen, quicken, ripen, sharpen, shorten,*threaten, widen等。 除了-en，其他常见动词后缀，详见如下： 一、-ate 使具有某种性质 一般加在名词后，如：activate, circulate,*complicate,*motivate, *regulate 二、-fy: 使得，使……变成，使(某人) 充满 (某种感情) 一般加在形容词或名词后，如： clarify,classify, electrify, *horrify, identify, *justify, purify, qualify, satisfy, simplify,signify, *specify,terrify 三、-ize / ise: 使，使……化；以……方式 一般加在形容词或名词后，如： apologize,*criticize, *emphasize, *globalize, internationalize, memorize, modernize, organize,popularize, realize, recognize, symbolize 本单元所学单词abnormal,unfit, illegal分别由ab-+ normal，un-+fit，il-+legal构成。根据三者词义及词根词义，不难发现ab-，un-，il-是含否定意义的前缀。除了这三者，还有哪些常见的否定前缀呢？我们一一总结如下： 一、dis-不，否定，相反 多加在形容词、名词或动词前，如：disability, disabled, disadvantage,disagree, disagreement, disapprove, discharge (解雇), discount, discourage, discover, dishonest,dislike, disorder, disuse。 二、in-/ il- / im- / ir- 不，非，无 il-,im-, ir-是in-变体： in-是常见的否定词缀，多加在形容词前，如：inability,inconvenient, *incredible, inexpensive, *informal； il加在以l开头的单词前，如：illegal； im-加在以b, m, p开头的单词前，如：imbalance,immoral (不道德的),impatient, impolite, impossible； ir-加在以r开头的单词前，如：irregular,irrelevant (不相关的),*irresponsible。 三、mis-错误地；坏的；不，相反 多加在动词或名词前，如： misfortune, mislead, mistake,mistreat, mistrust, misunderstand, misuse。 四、non-无，不，非 多加在名词或形容词前，如：non-fiction(纪实文学),non-official, non-profit, nonsense, nonsmoking, non-recycling, nonstop。 五、un-不；表示相反的动作 多加在形容词、动词或动词过去分词前，如： unable, unaware, unbearable, unbelievable, unblock, uncertain, uncomfortable,*unconscious (无意识的),uncover, undo, undress, unemployment, unexpected, unfair, unfavourable, unforgettable,unfortunate, unlike, unlikely, unlock, unnecessary, unpack, unusual, unwilling。 其他否定前缀还有anti- [反对，对抗；相反；防 (止)]、de- (否定，相反；除去；减少)，如： anti-: *anti-aging,anti-anxiety, anti-hero, anti-slavery, anti-theft, anti-virus, anti-war de-: defrost(解冻),delete, deindustrialization 英语和汉语的词汇并非完全一一对应，有些英语单词的汉语释义不能充分表达出单词的意思，这时就需要借助英语释义。用英语解释英语，有助于准确把握一个词的基本含义，而了解了基本含义，不管语境怎样变化都能结合具体的语境确定一个词的具体含义。 有作业时学生通常会问“什么时候交？(When is it due?)”。单词due与期限(deadline)和欠(owe)的东西有关。如果你从图书馆借的书要还了，可以说it’s due。欠的账单 (bills) 要交了，可以说they’re due。单词due构词虽然简单，但释义多，很难理解，需要借助英语释义才能理解其精准含义。
学习下面几种情况的单词或短语需要借助英语释义： 一、多义词的几个义项间的汉语释义易混淆 如：behave 表现 to act in a particular way (使) 举止规矩；(使)表现得体 to act in a correct or appropriate way 二、没有特别精准的与之对应的汉语释义 如：available可用的；可得到的 able to be used or can easily be bought or found 三、易混淆的近义词 如：tour 旅行；观光 a short journey made for pleasure trip旅行；出行 a short round journey instead of one-way, usually for a particular purpose 四、书面语或者正式用语 如：acquire [正式用语] (经过努力) 获得；学到 to gain sth by your own efforts, ability or behavior 五、英语释义是几个词意思的综合 如：upset心烦意乱的；难过的worried and unhappy 六、常用词的生僻词义 如：accept接纳 to allow sb to join a group, etc. NOTE: 不建议所有的词都给出英语释义，那样反而会增加负担。
tough源于古英语，其基本义是“strong and firm 结实的”，指材料的质地“结实的”，后逐渐衍生出指人“strong, powerful”，随后又衍生出了其他释义。理清各项释义间的联系可以帮助我们轻松记忆tough的各项释义。
通过典型例句来加深理解并记忆各项释义。
词汇拓展
小测验
'It' 用法及其句型和固定搭配，是高中英语语法的重点、难点，又是近几年高考的热点，因此应给予充分的重视，现将it主要用法归纳如下： 表达以下概念:指代前文提到的事物，前文中的this, that；替代前文中的内容；指代一位性别不明的小孩或未知的人；指代未指明但谈话双方都知道的那件事；指代时间、天气、气候、距离等自然现象„„ 替代作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词，而把真正作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词置于句尾。 It 作形式主语的常见句型： 1. 代作主语的动词不定式，其句型为 (1) It be adj. (for sb.) to do sth. 此处adj. 通常为描述事件的形容词：easy, difficult, hard, necessary, unnecessary, possible, suitable, proper, fit, useful, useless, dangerous… 例 It is illegal (for a teenager) to drive a car without a license. (2) It be adj. of sb. to do sth. 此处adj. 通常为描述人的形容词：kind, unkind, nice, rude, cruel, considerate... 例 It's kind of you to help me with the problem. (3) It替代作主语的动名词的常见句型 It's no good/use doing… It's (well)worth doing… It's (well)worth one's while doing/to do… It's (well)worth while doing/ to do 例 It's no use crying over spilt milk. 2. It替代作主语的从句常见句型 (1) It is + noun +从句 例 It is no secret that the president wants to have a second term at office. (2) It is adj. +clause It's surprising that„ (should)„„„竟然„„ It's a pity/shame that„(should)„„„竟然„„ 例 It's important that you should apologize to her for your rudeness.(=It's of much importance that you should apologize to her for your rudeness.) (3) It verb sb. + clause= It is v-ing + clause It+surprise/delight/interest/disappoint/worry/disturb/annoy/amaze / bother/concern/frighten/please/anger sb. that… 例 It worried me that she drove so fast.(= It was worrying that she drove so fast.) (4) It verb (to sb.) that…= sb/sth verb to do (verb = appear, seem, come about, emerge, follow, chance, happen, occur, transpire, turn out , work out) 例 It (so) happened/chanced that they were out.(= They happened/chanced to be out.) (5) It is v-ed that…=sb/sth is to do (verb=say, report, think, believe, hope, expect, agree, accept, decide, determine, intend, plan, understand, know） 例 It is said that the couple have gotten divorced.(=The couple are said to have gotten divorced.) (6) It is v-ed that … (should)… (verb=demand, request, require, order, suggest, advise, recommend 例 It is suggested that they should begin with the third question. 1. It takes sb. „ to do„(=sb takes„to do„)某人用多长时间做某事 例 It took the men a week to mend our roof.(= The men took a week to mend our roof.) 2. It's (just)(un)like sb. to do„（不）像某人做某事的风格 例 It was (just) like him to think of helping us. 3. It's (about/high) time that„ should /v-ed„是该做某事的时候了 例 It's(about/high) time that we should take action. 4. It's the x-th time (that) „ have v-ed„第几次做某事了 例 It's the third time that he has failed the driving test. 5. It is/has been„ since „continuous v-ed(延续性动词) 某动作已有多长时间不发生了 例 It's 10 years that he lived here 6. It was(not)„ before„过(不)了多长时间某动作发生了 例 It was not long before they arrived. 用来替代作宾语的从句、动词不定式、动名词，而把真正作宾语的从句、动词不定式、动名词置于句尾。 It 作形式宾语的常见句型： 1. verb+ it+ adj./noun (for/of) to do/clause (verb=think, believe, suppose, consider, feel, make, keep…) 例 I think it hard for you to do the task on your own./I think it hard that you'll do the task on your own. 2. verb+it+adj./noun (one's) doing (adj.=useless/worth/worthwhile)(noun=no use/no good/worth one's while/a waste of time/money/energy/words) (verb=think, believe, suppose, consider, feel, make, keep…) 例 I'll make it worth your while telling me about his secret. 3. verb+it+ important/unimportant/necessary/unnecessary/natural/essential that … (should)… verb+it+of much/great/no/little importance that…(should)… (verb=think, believe, suppose, consider, feel, make, keep…) 例 I think it important that you (should) attend the conference. 4. verb + it+ as+ noun/adj.+ clause (verb=accept, regard, take, see, view) 例 The lecturer takes it as encouraging when so many students attend his lecture. 5. v. +it + prep. + that… owe it to sb. that...把...归功于... leave it to sb that...把...留给某人去做 take it for granted that ...想当然 keep it in mind that…牢记 例 Don't bother to arrange anything. Just leave it to me to sort out. 6. It用在不能直接跟宾语从句的动词后面，尤其是表示好恶的动词后，enjoy, like, love, dislike, resent, hate, don't mind, be fond of, feel like, see to 宾语从句紧跟it之后 例 I hate it you can swim so well and I can't. 7. It用在不能直接跟宾语从句的介词后面，宾语从句紧跟it之后（except that例外） 例 I'm for it that you will follow their advice. 素材来源：维克多英语& 高中英语 |
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