|
建筑的物质性是我们的身体直接接触；冷金属手柄，温暖的木墙和硬质玻璃窗会产生完全不同的气氛，例如，硬的玻璃把手，冷金属墙和温暖的木窗（用KTH的新的半透明木材，并不像听起来那么荒唐）。重要性与形式，功能和位置同样重要，或者说，与所有三者不可分割。 在这里，编制了16种材料的选择，从非常熟悉的材料（例如混凝土和钢材）到某些读者可能不知道的材料，以及链接到综合资源，了解更多关于它们。 1、混凝土 Concrete 混凝土是世界上最广泛使用的建筑材料，使其成为了解的良好起始材料。然而，它也具有重大的环境影响，包括高达全球排放量的5％的碳足迹。 Concrete is the most widely used building material in the world, making it a good starting material to get to know. However it also has significant environmental impacts, including a carbon footprint of up to 5% of worldwide emissions. To get to know all about designing with concrete, the Concrete Center has a collection of useful reports, many of which are free with registration. 2、木材 Wood 世界上最古老，最传统的建筑材料之一。该材料开始采用新的形式，由于工程木制品，高层建筑和甚至半透明的性能，这种多元的材料被带到新的高度。 reThink木有一个伟大的资源集合来了解，并帮助建筑师设计，木材。 One of the oldest, most traditional building materials around the world is of course timber. The material is beginning to take on new forms thanks to engineered wood products, and with high-rise buildings and even translucent properties, this diverse material is being taken to new heights. reThink Wood has a great collection of resources to learn about, and help architects design with, wood. 3、钢 Steel 城市天际线，我们发现里钢材，通常用于加固，但作为一个美丽的外观。wiki SteelConstruction.info 提供了您可能需要知道的关于钢设计的一切。 The city skylines as we know them exploded out of our discovery of steel, commonly used for reinforcement but serving as a beautiful skin in several examples. The wiki SteelConstruction.info offers everything you could possibly need to know about designing with steel. 4、塑料 Plastic 虽然这对于某些人来说似乎是一种廉价的，不可持续的材料，但是人们不应该如此快地判断塑料的可能性。我们生产的太多了；为什么不以建筑或生物塑料的形式回收？3D打印的全新世界怎么样？美国化学理事会对塑料作为一种材料有很好的概述，并且对其在建筑学方面的主要用途进行了概括，并与每一种材料的进一步资源联系起来。 Although this may seem like a cheap, unsustainable material to some, one should not be so quick to judge the possibilities that plastic holds. We produce so much of it; why not recycle it in the form of architecture or bioplastics? What about the whole new world that comes with 3D printing? The American Chemistry Council has a great overview of plastics as a material, as well as a rundown of their major uses in architecture, with links to further resources for each. 5、石材 Stone 在世界各地某些地理位置使用的另一种材料，石材具有各种各样的纹理，颜色和强度。尽管它的重要性，坚实的物质性，人们仍然可以与它一起工作，以实现多种形式。建筑石材研究所有多种资源，包括用于建筑中许多最常见类型的石材的情况说明书和规格表。 Another material used over generations in certain geographical locations around the world, stone has a wide diversity of textures, colours and strengths. Despite its heavy, solid materiality, one can still work with it to achieve diverse forms. The Building Stone Institute has a variety of resources including fact sheets and specification sheets for many of the most common types of stone used in construction. 6、纺织品 Textiles 纺织品最常用的是拉伸结构，但是使用这种材料有很多机会：承重椅，充气空间，织物铸造和木制织物等。 Fabric Architecture杂志为建筑师提供了一系列技术文章，而他们的资源指南提供了市场上这一类产品的全面概述。 Textiles have been explored most commonly using tensile structures, however there’s a whole range of opportunities using this material: load-bearing chairs, inflatable spaces, fabric casting and wooden fabrics amongst others. Fabric Architecture Magazine has a collection of technical articles for architects, while their resource guide provides a comprehensive overview of the products on the market in this category. 7、玻璃 Glass 它是我们最常用的材料，可实现透明度和光，在当代建筑中最常用的外墙元素之一。一些人正在进一步，尝试扩展其属性来创建“智能”响应玻璃。 PPG玻璃教育中心是了解更多关于它信息的好地方。 Our most used material to achieve transparency and light is without a doubt glass, one of the most commonly used fa?ade elements in contemporary architecture. Some are taking it a step further, attempting to extend its properties to create 'intelligent' responsive glass. The PPG Glass Education Center is a great place to learn more. 8、砖 Brick 尽管它的刚性，矩形的形状，以适应你的手，砖建筑已被证明创造美丽的结构与正确的工艺。创新思想家也在寻找将主动可持续性融入小型建筑元素的新方法。砖发展协有一个资源库，用于了解更多关于砖设计的信息。 Despite its rigid, rectangular shape made to fit in your hand, brick architecture has been shown to create beautiful structures with the right craftsmanship. Innovative thinkers are also finding new ways to incorporate active sustainability into the small building elements. The Brick Development Association has a collection of resources for learning more about brick. 9、凯夫拉尔，纤维B（一种质地牢固重量轻的合成纤维） 比金属防弹衣还坚固的材料，具有极佳的抗拉强度，当构建大型结构时，它肯定是一种资产。然而，与钢相比，刚性较小的组合物可以改变我们对大承重结构的想法。作为一种仍然相对较新的材料，它在建筑应用中没有全面的信息源，但是这篇文章和这本书的材料结构都是很好的地方开始。 A material stronger than metal body armor, with awesome tensile strength, Kevlar is certainly an asset when building large structures. With a less rigid composition than steel however, it could reform the way we think of large load-bearing structures. As a still-relatively-new material, there are few comprehensive information sources on Kevlar's architectural applications, but this article and this snippet of the book Material Architecture by John Fernandez are good places to start. 10、竹子 Bamboo 竹子的使用通常由建筑项目的地理位置决定。在竹子有意义的地方，它拥有一种令人难以置信的灵活，强大，可持续的材料，在许多方面都有用。 Bamboo usage is generally dictated by the geographical location of the architectural project. In locations where bamboo makes sense, it is an incredibly flexible, strong, sustainable material that can be useful in many ways. 11、碳纤维 Carbon Fiber 反映我们的新材料努力的一切都是碳纤维：“比钢铁强五倍，刚度两倍，重量明显更少。碳纤维的组成使其灵活工作，允许它从表面到具体的形状，这取决于您的要求。 Reflecting everything about our new material endeavors is carbon fiber: 'five times stronger than steel, twice as stiff, weighing significantly less.' The composition of carbon fibre makes it flexible to work with, allowing it to take shapes from surfaces to rods, depending on your requirements.
12、光伏电池 Photovoltaic cells 伴随着高楼林立，令人惊奇的是光伏幕墙并没有成为常态。由于光伏技术的发展，电池可能不再被锁定在屋顶上。光伏建筑国际能源机构的设计手册可以免费在线提供。 With all the high-rises soaring high above the earth, it’s a wonder photovoltaic facades haven’t become a norm. Due to the evolution of photovoltaic technology, cells may no longer have to be locked in place on the roof. The International Energy Agency's design handbook for photovoltaics in buildings is available for free online.
13、Earth Earth Earth是我们可以想到的最古老的建筑材料，因为它几乎普遍的可及性和相对易于使用在小规模。它能够被压缩成模块，以及创建自由曲面，最终都可容易的变回原形。 Earth is among the oldest building materials we can think of due to its almost universal accessibility and relative ease of use at small scales. It’s capable of being compressed into modules, as well as creating freeform surfaces, all of which can eventually return to the earth with ease.
14、废料 Waste 我们生产大量的废物覆盖了大量的材料，但是了解你的浪费是未来建筑师的一个好主意。无论是将烟头转换成建筑材料，还是将塑料瓶转换成抗震墙，回收是值得欣赏的。 We produce a huge amount of waste covering a huge range of materials, but getting to know your waste is an excellent idea for future architects. Whether it’s converting cigarette butts into building material or plastic bottles to earthquake resistant walls, recycling is something to be admired.
15、秸秆 Straw 创建一个被动的热环境，屏蔽雨水和融入到类似的自然环境中。难怪茅草屋顶在过去如此受欢迎。 Creating a passive thermal environment, shielding from rain and blending into similar natural surroundings are just a few things that straw is good at. It’s no wonder thatched roofs were so popular in the past.
16、有机材料 Organic materials 随着在世界各地的栖息地的大量损失，了解动物创造的有机结构是最快的，而不是以后。我们不仅可以从他们的材料的使用中学习，它也为我们通过将他们的有机材料并入我们的建筑中而共存的机会。 With the massive loss of habitats happening around the world, getting to know organic structures created by animals is something that’s best to do sooner rather than later. Not only can we learn from their use of materials, it also opens up opportunities for us to coexist through incorporating their organic materials into our architecture.
与所有材料一样，可达性和成本起着巨大的作用。在世界的某些地方，肯定会有不在名单上的材料，所以一定要了解除了这些你周围的材料，你一定会有一个完整的资源。 合作、宣传、投稿 请加小编微信：soujianzhu2 |
|
|
