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[语法] “介词+which” 引导的定语从句,如何理解?

 侃英语 2022-12-31 发布于浙江


(每周六、日推送)


当关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时,我们通常用“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句。
如果指“人”,用“介词+whom”;如果指“物”,用“介词+which”。
例如:
Do you know the lady with whom our manager is talking in the office?
Where is the supermarket in which you bought the laptop last week?
使用“介词+关系代词”要注意以下2个点:
(一)选用介词的依据:
(1) 根据定语从句中谓语动词的搭配习惯(即固定短语)。例如:
Yesterday we visited the West Lake for which Hangzhou is famous. (be famous for)
(2) 根据先行词的搭配习惯(约定俗成,不一定是短语)。例如:
The old woman with whom you talked just now is a famous artist.(talk with)
(3) 根据句子的意思来选择。例如:
The naughty boy made a hole in the wall through which he could see what is happening outside.(see through...)
(4) 表示“所有”关系或“整体中的一部分”时,通常用介词of。例如:
I have about 20 books, half of which were written by Bing Xin, the famous writer.(=of 20 books,在20本书当中)
(二)在定语从句中,含介词的短语动词不可拆开使用(视为整体),如look after(照顾), look for(寻找)等。例如:
The babies whom the nurses are looking after are very healthy.(正)
The babies after whom the nurses are looking are very healthy.(误)

look after 是整体,不能拆分

二、“介词+关系代词”与关系副词的转化
(1)当先行词表示地点,定语从句中缺少地点状语时,通常用关系副词where引导,此时也可选用表示地点的“介词+which”来代替关系副词where。例如:
I visited the village where many children couldn’t go to school because of poverty. 

=I visited the village in which many children couldn’t go to school because of poverty.
(2) 当先行词表示时间,定语从句中缺少时间状语时,通常用关系副词when引导,此时也可选用表示时间的“介词+which”来代替关系副词when。例如:
We’d better fix a date when we will practice speaking English next week.

=We’d better fix a date on which we will practice speaking English next week.
(3) 当先行词为reason,定语从句中缺少表示原因状语时,通常用关系副词why引导,此时也可以用“for which”来代替关系副词why。例如:
Can you tell me the reason why you were late for school?

=Can you tell me the reason for which you were late for school?

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