10年前的一道高考英语真题——你答得出来？

2008年高考英语，湖北卷第33题，原题为：

第二节：完成句子（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分

阅读下列各小题，根据括号内的汉语提示，用句末括号内的英语单词完成句子，并将答案写在答题卡上的相应题号后。

33. The city _____（我成长的）is very hot and damp in summer. (grow)

命题人所设计的答案为：in which/ where I grew up。

我们把——命题人所提供的答案带入原句题干，可以看到如下句子：

The city in which I grew up is very hot and damp in summer.

The city where I grew up is very hot and damp in summer.

（句意可理解为：我所成长的那个城市在夏天非常热而又潮湿。）

我们看到——这两种答案完全正确，符合句法、语义，完全可作为正确答案。

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但，我们从题目要求、题干内容及所给的中文含义可以确切地说：答案还可以是：

which I grew up in；或that I grew up in；或I grew up in。

这样这几个答案带入原文题干可得全句分别为：

The city which I grew up in is very hot and damp in summer.

The city that I grew up in is very hot and damp in summer.

The city I grew up in is very hot and damp in summer.

是完全合理的。

下面我们看几个实证：

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例证1：2009年高考英语，江西卷第26题，原题为：

The house I grew up _________ has been taken down and replaced by an office building.

A: in it B: in C: in that D: in which

命题人所设计的答案为B: in。

我们把答案B: in带入原句：

The houseI grew up in has been taken down and replaced by an office building.

即相当于：

The house (that/which可以省略) I grew up in has been taken down…

例证2：《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》第七版附录R70页：用who或whom：

Peter, who nobody had met before, arrived later. 或：

Peter, whom nobody had met before, arrived later. （正式）彼得迟到了，以前谁也没见过他。

关系从句和介词

在英语口语中，关系从句中的介词通常置于从句末，关系代词可以省略。另一种较正式的形式是将介词置于关系代词前：

宾语是事物：

The house I was born inis gone. 或

The housethat I was born inis gone. 或

The house in which I was bornis gone. (formal) 我出生的那座房子已不存在了。

例证3：《朗文英语语法》第39页1.38.2地点 限定性：

This is the place in which I grew up. 这是我生长的地方。

This is the place which I grew up in.

This is the place I grew up in.

This is (the place) where I grew up.

例证4：《当代高级英语语法》第918页21

关系代词that前不能用介词，须把介词移至句尾。

Have you seen the filmthat I told you about? 你看过我告诉你的电影了吗？

《当代高级英语语法》第941页

4. 关系代词放在介词后作宾语时，不能省略，但介词位于句尾时，关系代词可以省略

这就是丘吉尔出生的房间。

This is the room in which Churchill was born. （which不可省）

This is the room (which) Churchill was born in.

例证5：《牛津英语用法指南》（第三版）第762页7介词的位置

介词既可以放在关系代词的前面（比较正式），也可以放在关系从句的句尾（较不正式）。试比较：

This is the housein which I was born. 这就是我出生的房间。（正式）

This is the house (that) I was born in. 这就是我出生的房间。（非正式）

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由上述可见，对于原题“The city ____ （我成长的）is very hot and damp in summer. (grow) ”的完成句子，答案可以是以下这些：

命题人所提供的两种答案（答案为黑体字部分）：

The city in which I grew up is very hot and damp in summer.

The city where I grew up is very hot and damp in summer.

或以下三种（答案为黑体字部分）：

The city which I grew up in is very hot and damp in summer.

The city that I grew up in is very hot and damp in summer.

The city I grew up in is very hot and damp in summer.

你怎么看这个现象？命题人怎么解释？答出【标准答案】的学生有福了……

2018年1月30日