芝士考场 | 高中英语提分秘籍之定语从句篇

定语从句不管是在以往的各省自出的试卷还是全国卷中都是非常非常重要的考点。

在试卷中体现在理解文章上，但学生更怕的是出现在考点中。所以这样一个语法项目是高中三年学习的重点和难点。

重点是因为定语从句作为考点出现在高考试卷中的单项选择或者是语法填空题中的机率很高。

难点是因为考点太多，学生不容易掌握。所以今天就定语从句这个重点，给大家讲一下各种考点的解题策略。

解决定语从句题目需要注意几个过程：

1.准备工作（基础知识）

2.分析阶段（技巧应用）

3.检测检查

接下来我会带大家具体了解一下这些过程。

01

准备工作

准备工作是指在解决这样的问题之前必须有一定的定于从句知识的积累。

即：

关系代词	先行词	在从句中的成分
who	人	主、宾
whom	人	宾
whose	人、物	定
which	人、物	主、宾、表
that	物、整个句子	主、宾、表
as	人、物、整个句子	主、宾、表

关系副词	先行词	在从句中的成分
when	时间名词	时间状语
where	地点名词	地点状语
why	原因名词	原因状语

此外还要知道：that与why不能引导非限制性定语从句。

02

分析阶段

分析高考考点，归类解决相应问题。

考点1：关系代词和关系副词的选择

策略：看从句是否完整。

若完整选用关系副词，再根据先行词来确定。

若不完整，则用关系代词，再根据先行词和从句中所缺的具体成分来确定。

1)I have found the factory______he visited last week.

I have found the factory______he stayed last week.

2)The days___I spent there are unforgettable.

The days__I stayed there are unforgettable.

3)The reason__________he told me for his being late is that he got up late.

The reason__________he was late is that he got up late.

考点2：that 与 which引导的定语从句

1)Do you have anything ______ you don’t understand?

2) The only thing _____ we can do is to give you some advice.

3) Her bag, in ________ she put all her money, has been stolen.

4) She heard a terrible noise， ______ brought her heart into her mouth.

策略：用that不用which应遵循的规则

1:先行词是everything, nothing, anything, something, much, little, none等不定代词或由不定代词any, some, no, much, few, little, every, all等修饰时, 引导定语从句用that不用 which。

2：先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰且指物时, 引导定语从句用that 。

3: 先行词中既有人又有事物时，引导定语从句用that 。

4:先行词被the very, the only等修饰且指物时,引导定语从句用that。

5:当先行词前面有who/which等疑问代词时，只用that。

用which不用that应遵循的规则

1.先行词指物，位于介词后

2.指事物并用于非限制定语从句中

考点3：as 与 which引导的定语从句

1)______ we had expected, the headmaster approved of our plan.

2)Yang asks me to take pictures of what we have learnt recently and send to him,_______ moves me deeply.

策略：两者引导的非限制性定语从句的区别：

1.位置：as 引导的非限制性定语从句位置灵活，可在句首、句中、句末。which引导的非限制性定语从句一般跟在主句之后。

2. 意思： as 正如            which 这，这一点

3. 关系： which引导非限制性定语从句时主句和从句往往存在逻辑上的因果关系

引导限制性定语从句时，先行词前面一般有the same, as, such, so 等修饰时，用as 引导，不用which。

Exercise：

1. The number of smokers, _______ is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.

2. We failed in the competition, _________ was a great pity.

3. He is such a lazy man ______ nobody wants to work with.

4.Tu Youyou and her team were awarded the Nobel Prize for Medicine in 2015, _____ was a big surprise for all the people in the world, including herself.

考点4：介词+which/whom 引导定语从句

1. 介词的确定：

策略：一看先行词，二看与从句谓语动词的搭配，三要看句意

(1) Who is the girl _____ you just shook hands?

    A. in whom      B. by whom

    C.with whom    D. on whom

shake hands with sb

2. 关系代词的确定：

策略：先行词指人介词后用whom, 先行词指物介词后用which.

Exercise：

1）The police arrived, _____________ the situation became calmer.

2）The position _____________ you’re applying requires good computer skills and fluency in English.

3）Gun control is a subject _______________ Americans have argued for a long time.

考点5：定语从句与其他各易混淆句

1、定语从句与并列句

并列句有and, but, so 等并列连词或两个句子用分号连接。并列句中绝对不可再用引导定语从句的关系词.

Our class consists of 63 students, all of ____  study really hard to achieve our goals.(b)

Our class consists of 63 students; all of ______ study really hard to achieve our goals.(c)

Our class consists of 63 students, and all of ______ study really hard to achieve our goals.(c)

a. what     b. whom     c. us      d. that

2. 定语从句的关系代词(that)与状语从句(结果)

such/so … as…： as引导定语从句，在从句中充当成分。

such/so … that…： that引导结果状语从句，只起连接作用，不充当句子成分。

1)It is such an interesting movie _____ we all like.(as 充当like 的宾语)

2)It is such an interesting movie _____ we all like it.(that)

3. 定语从句与名词性从句

(1) _____ is known to us all is that reading makes a full man.

(what 引导主语从句,并在主语从句中作主语)

(2)_____ is known to us all that reading makes a full man.

(it作形式主语，that从句是真正的主语)

(3)_____ is known to us all, reading makes a full man.

(as引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是整个主句)

4. 定语从句与同位语从句

The suggestion _________ he came up with is practical.

(定语从句对先行词起修饰限定的作用；which/that在定语从句中作宾语时可以省略)

The suggestion_______ we should set a goal for ourselves is practical.

(同位语从句对前面的抽象名词进行补充说明，是前面名词的具体内容；that在同位语从句中不作成分，不可省略)

03

检测阶段

完成练习之后总是需要检查的，正确与否就看以上两点你做的如何了。你掌握了吗？以下的练习就可以帮助检测你哦！Have a try,fighting!

The minions, _______ name can be heard all over the world, first came into our sight through a movie. Despicable Me, _____ the name suggests, is a story about a villain. This villain Gru _____ planned to steal the moon tried to take advantage of three lovely orphans. They treated him sincerely and loved him very much, _______ changed his mind. These minions _________ look like bananas were created by Gru. They have an ability to mess things up and make things funny. It is really a very good movie _______ you ‘ll get to know that one has to find what is really important in his life to become a full grown-up.

 戳下面的阅读原文，给孩子找个合适的老师！