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''It'' 用法及其句型和固定搭配，是高中英语语法的重点、难点，又是近几年高考的热点，因此应给予充分的重视。 初小内容归纳：一、it指代（后行）作用:1.It的基本用法是用来指代上文所提到的事物。如橙子妈妈经常给学生用最简单的方法举例： I have a pen and I like it. 2.学会区分这几组词：it, that, one, the one, ones, the ones用于指代: 橙子妈妈归纳的口诀：it指代同名同物；one指代同名异物, that指代抽象物体居多 即it代替上文提及的原物(复数用they)；one指代上文提及的、泛指的可数名词单数（复数ones）；that指代上文提及的定指的可数名词单数或不可数名词（复数those）, the ones 相当于these, those。 注意：指代不明身份（例如有人在外面叫你或者敲门）或性别的人（如小baby）也用it；指代喜爱的事物或宠物也可用she / he。 A：Who''s it (knocking at the door)? B: It''s me. 二、虚义it:（初中阶段的重点内容）虚义it指用作没有具体语义的主语，如表示时间、天气、距离、温度等概念的用法。 It is a good day. It cost me 10 dollars. 高中内容归纳一、形式it: 由于句子结构的需要，常常把it作形式主语，而把真正的主语放后置。小伙伴们熟不熟悉！ 1．形式主语：不定式、动名词以及主语从句作主语时，为避免“头重脚轻”，要将真正的主语后置。 It is obvious that he will win the match. （主语从句作主语） It was worthwhile searching for his ''roots.'' （动名词作主语） It took me 10 dollars to buy the book. （不定式作主语） 2．形式宾语：当不定式、动名词、that 从句作宾语，又有自己的宾语补语时，要用it 作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语后置。能够用于形式宾语句型的动词有think, make, find, consider, feel, take等。如： Shefound itimportant to study the situation inRussia. The fisherman made it a rule that he never cast his net more than four times a day. The ancient people took it for granted that the earth was flat. We think itnecessary listening to the radio everyday. 二、强调it: 为了强调句子中的某一成分，可以用“It is / was ＋ 被强调部分 ＋that / who＋其它”的句型。如：She helped melast week. 强调句（强调时间）：It waslast weekthatshe helped me. 橙子妈妈要重点介绍的是关于not...until 这一句式结构的强调形式，例如： My dad didn''t come back until 9 o''clock. It wasnot until 9 o''clockthat my dad came back.（记住一定要将not until放在一起，而且从句中的时态需要变化） 注意：１）一般强调时间不能用when, 强调地点不用where; ２）强调谓语用下列方式（在谓语动词前面用do\ did\does）： I do hate it. 三、注意强调句型与定语从句的区别例 It was at 7 o''clock that he came here yesterday.(强调句型) It was 7 o''clock when he came hereyesterday.(定语从句) 区别：将It is/was···that(who)…结构去掉，如果句子成立，可判断为强调句。 It练习巩固1、_____ seemed that the water was to blame. 2、I find_____ unnecessary to explain the reason to you. 3、What a lovely baby! Is ____ a boy? 4、I’d appreciate _____ if you would like to teach me how to use the computer. 5、We don’t consider______ impossible for them to break into that house. 6、I didn’t realize how much you loved me until last night. (改为含not until的强调句) ________________________________________________________________. 7、The alcoholic did not feel as fit as before until he quit smoking. 强调加粗部分 ________________________________________________________________. 8、 I happened to meet her on my way back home. → It ______ ______ ______ ______ her on my way back home. 9、People suggested that the meeting be put off. __________ ___________ ___________ ____________ the meeting be put off. 10、Obviously, we don’t want to spend too much money. ___________ _____________ _____________ ____________ we don’t want to spend too much money. 11、According to some scientists, 2011 is likely to be the coolest year since 1956. According to some scientists, ___________ __________ ___________ __________ 2011 will be the coolest year since 1956. 12、It is likely that John will be in London this autumn. ___________ ___________ ____________ ___________ be in London this autumn. 13、 It is likely that the thieves don’t know how much it is worth. ___________ ___________ ____________ ___________ not to know how much it is worth. |
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