 毕加索 盲人的一餐 纽约大都会艺术博物馆藏
大都会艺术博物馆原文
One of the most important of Picasso's Blue Period canvases,
this work is a remarkable restatement of the Christian
sacrament-the ritual of tasting bread and wine to evoke the flesh
and blood of Christ-in contemporary terms. Lit with the mystical
light of El Greco, the composition derives its strength from its
sparse setting and restricted palette.
Picasso described the painting in a letter to his friend the
French poet Max Jacob: "I am painting a blind man at the table. He
holds a piece of bread in his left hand and with his right hand
reaches for a jug of wine. There is a dog nearby that looks at him.
I am quite happy with it [although] it is not yet finished."
Technical analysis shows that the dog appeared in an earlier
state of the picture, at bottom left, near the plate. Underneath
the present composition is another work, a crouching female nude
seen in profile.
网传鉴赏文章
《盲人的早餐》描绘一位盲人坐在桌前，眼窝深陷，毫无生气，枯瘦如柴的手摸索着桌上的水壶和面包。在巴塞罗那期间，毕加索画了一系列关于盲人的作品。盲者最能体现人类的困境--盲目的，不仅是看不到光明，而且根本就没有光明的概念。沉于黑暗的深渊，它的尽头依然是黑暗。爱情是盲目的，幸福是盲目的，只有苦难永远睁大着狞厉的眼睛。
毕加索在1901-1904年蓝色时期时期，承受着失去好友卡萨赫马斯的巨大痛苦，并亲眼目击了下层小人物生活的艰辛与困窘。因此这一时期作品的主角大部分都是形象消瘦、目光呆滞的劳苦大众。比如《熨烫衣服的女人》，画面描绘的是一个下层的劳动妇女熨烫衣服的情景。画面上的线条多是向下的，无论是她手臂的线条还是呆滞的眼神，都是向下整理流动的。
还有毕加索在这一时期创作的本副作品《盲人的早餐》，画中描绘盲人的线条多是向下或者横向流动的。同样，在音乐中，如果旋律中要表达悲伤、忧愁、无奈的情感时，旋律线通常也是下滑的：如果旋律是表现沉静、柔和、暗淡的情感时，旋律线也多是趋向“横”的方向，比较舒缓。由此可见。无论是线条还是旋律线在表现情感时，其构成有着突出的相似性。
作品资料
The Blind Man's Meal
Artist:Pablo Picasso (Spanish, Malaga 1881–1973 Mougins,
France)
Date:1903
Medium:Oil on canvas
Dimensions:37 1/2 x 37 1/4 in. (95.3 x 94.6 cm)
Classification:Paintings
Credit Line:Purchase, Mr. and Mrs. Ira Haupt Gift, 1950
Accession Number:50.188
Rights and Reproduction:© 2018 Estate of Pablo Picasso /
Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York
阴山工作室
中国的网络文化越来越让人啼笑皆非。第一个人在键盘上想当然敲出的字，经常会被大量复制粘贴，三人成虎。
毕加索的这件作品，纽约大都会艺术博物馆的原文标题是The Blind Man's Meal。
但是我们在搜索这件作品的时候，得到的却是《盲人的早餐》。
那么问题来了：盲人在进餐没错，毕加索在写给他朋友法国诗人马克斯雅各布的信中描述了这幅画，说的也确实是“我在画一位坐在桌子前进餐的盲人”。问题是，毕加索并没有说是早餐。
这就涉及到关于
金山词霸
meal
英 [mi:l]
n.
餐，饭;进餐（时间）;〈英〉一次挤奶量;谷物粗粉（用作饲料或加工面粉）
vi.
进餐
复数： meals
牛津词典
noun
1
[C] 早（或午、晚）餐；一顿饭
an occasion when people sit down to eat food, especially
breakfast, lunch or dinner
Try not to eat between meals.
两餐之间尽量别吃东西。
Lunch is his main meal of the day.
午饭是他的正餐。
(especially BrE) to go out for a meal (= to go to a restaurant
to have a meal)
上馆子用餐
What time would you like your evening meal?
你打算几点钟吃晚饭？
2
[C] 一餐所吃的食物
the food that is eaten at a meal
Enjoy your meal.
请用餐。
a three-course meal
有三道菜的一顿饭
3
[U] (often in compounds 常构成复合词) 谷物粗粉（用作饲料或加工面粉）
grain that has been crushed to produce a powder, used as food
for animals and for making flour
see also bonemeal, oatmeal(1), wholemeal
习语
make a meal of sth
(informal) 小题大做；做事过于认真
to spend a lot of time, energy, etc. doing sth in a way that
other people think is unnecessary and/or annoying
a square meal
一顿丰盛的饭
a good, satisfying meal
He looks as though he hasn't had a square meal for
weeks.
看他那样子，就好像几个星期没吃过一顿像样的饭了。
也就是说，meal并不是特指“早餐”。
那么早餐应该怎么说呢？我们来看看百度翻译的补充说明。
meals
People use the words dinner , lunch , supper and tea in
different ways depending on which English-speaking country they
come from. In Britain it may also depend on which part of the
country or which social class a person comes from.
来自不同英语国家的人使用dinner、lunch、supper和tea的方式各不相同。在英国，这些词的用法按某人来自的地区和社会阶层而有所区别。
A meal eaten in the middle of the day is usually called lunch
. If it is the main meal of the day it may also be called dinner in
BrE , especially in the north of the country.
午餐通常叫做lunch，但在英国英语中，尤其在英国北部，如果是一天的主餐，亦可叫做dinner。
A main meal eaten in the evening is usually called dinner ,
especially if it is a formal meal. Supper is also an evening meal,
but more informal than dinner and usually eaten at home. It can
also be a late meal or something to eat and drink before going to
bed.
晚上的主餐，尤其是正式用餐，通常叫做dinner。supper亦为晚餐，但不如dinner正式，而且一般在家里吃，亦可指较晚的晚餐或睡前夜宵。
In BrE , tea is a light meal in the afternoon with sandwiches,
cakes, etc. and a cup of tea. 在英国英语中，tea指下午的茶点，包括三明治、糕点等和一杯茶：
a cream tea
奶油茶点
It can also be a main meal eaten early in the evening,
especially by children. tea亦可指傍晚主餐，尤指孩子傍晚食用的：
What time do the kids have their tea?
孩子们什么时候用傍晚主餐？
As a general rule, if dinner is the word someone uses for the
meal in the middle of the day, they probably call the meal in the
evening tea or supper . If they call the meal in the middle of the
day lunch , they probably call the meal in the evening dinner .
一般说来，若午餐叫dinner，晚餐则大多叫tea或supper。如果午餐叫lunch，晚餐则大多叫dinner。
Brunch , a combination of breakfast and lunch, is becoming
more common, especially as a meal where your guests serve
themselves. brunch已变得越来越普遍，意为合二为一的早午餐，尤指客人自助餐。
柯林斯词典
1
N-COUNT 一餐;一顿饭
A meal is an occasion when people sit down and eat, usually at
a regular time.
She sat next to him throughout the meal...
用餐时她一直坐在他身旁。
2
N-COUNT 一餐所吃的食物
A meal is the food you eat during a meal.
The waiter offered him red wine or white wine with his
meal...
侍者为他端上佐餐的红葡萄酒或者白葡萄酒。
3
N-UNCOUNT （谷物的）粗磨粉
Meal is a rough powder made of crushed grain. It is used to
make flour or animal food.
4
See also: bone meal
5
PHRASE 花费过多的时间或精力做…;对…小题大做
If you think someone is taking more time and energy to do
something than is necessary, you can say that they are making a
meal of it.
Lawyers always make such a meal of the simplest little
thing.
律师总是死抠细节。
6
PHRASE 健康丰盛的一餐
If you have a square meal, you have a large healthy
meal.
Usage Note:
The first meal of the day is called breakfast. The most common
word for the midday meal is lunch, but in some parts of Britain,
and in some contexts, dinner is used as well. He seldom has lunch
at all. ...school dinners. ...Christmas dinner. However, dinner is
used mainly to refer to a meal in the evening. ...a celebratory
dinner in the evening. In British English, it may also suggest a
formal or special meal. Supper and tea are sometimes also used to
refer to the evening meal, though for some people, supper is a
snack in the late evening and tea is a light meal in the
afternoon.
一天中的第一餐称作 breakfast。表示午餐最常用的词是 lunch，但英国有些地方在一些语境中也用 dinner：He
seldom has lunch at all (他很少吃午餐)，school dinners (学校的午餐)，Christmas
dinner (圣诞午餐)。不过 dinner 主要是指晚餐：a celebratory dinner in the evening
(庆祝晚宴)。在英国英语中，dinner 也可以指正餐或特别的一餐。supper 与 tea
有时也指晚餐，不过对于有些人来说，supper 指夜宵，而 tea 则指下午茶。
从以上解释和说明中，我们无法找到
毕加索信中说：“我正在桌子上画一个盲人。他左手拿着一块面包，右手伸手去拿一壶酒。附近有一只狗看着他。虽然还没有完成，但我还是很高兴。”早餐喝酒吃面包亦有悖常理。
因此，将The Blind Man's
Meal翻译为《盲人的早餐》是不正确的。《盲人的一餐
我们对西方人的习惯所知有限，根据资料推定而已，请方家教正。
本文图片及英文文字资料均来自纽约大都会艺术博物馆官方网站。
本文系阴山工作室原创，转载请注明出处。
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