对于孩子来说,英语最难学的就是语法知识。英语语法条目繁多,难记而且枯燥无味,而且记了那么多的语法条目,很容易混淆,这怎么办?其实,学语法,需要找规律,变复杂为简单,巧记固定搭配。今天就部分语法知识进行归纳: 一、非谓语动词 “非谓语动词”可分为动词不定式、动名词和分词。 它在句子中的作用很多:除了不作谓语外,它可以充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语与复合宾语(主语补语或宾语补语)。 有些及物动词后面接不带to的不定式作复合宾语。 这些动词归纳如下:一感(feel).二听(hear,listen to),三让(have,1et, make),四看(see,watch,notice,observe)。再加上help somebody(to)do something和look at somebody do something。还有“二让”属特殊:get somebody to do something 与keep somebody doing。 而有些及物动词后面接动名词(the -ing form)作宾语。这些动词归纳为一句话:Papa C makes friends。这是由如下动词的开头字母组成:permit,advise, practise, avoid, consider, mind, allow, keep, enjoy, suggest, finish,risk,imagine, escape, need, delay, stand(忍受)。 为了容易记住,也可以编成顺口溜:“允许完成练习,建议避免冒险,考虑延期逃跑,喜欢保持想象,需要反对忍受”。其相对应的动词依次是:permit/allow, finish, practise ; advise/suggest, avoid,risk, consider, delay, escape/miss, enjoy/appreciate, keep, imagine; need/want/require, mind, can’t help/can’t stand 二、复合句 1、学生最容易混淆的是定语从句与同位语从句的区别。 例如:A、Thenews that our team has won the match is true (同位语从句) B、The news that he told us surprised everybody here. (定语从句) 关键的区别在于连接或关系代词that:有意义的是定语, 无意义的是同位。因为引导定语从句的that在从句中作主语或 宾语,而引导同位语从句的that只起到连接词的作用。 2、接着容易混淆的是引导定语从句的关系代词that与 which:that之前是不定(代词)、序数(词)、(形容词)最高级:which之前是介词短语与逗号(非限制性)。 例如:A、All that we have to do is to practise every day. B、The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten. C、I have lost my pen,which I like very much. D、The house in front of which there is a garden is my home. 三、It的用法 1、It除了代替人和物以外,还可以作形式主语。而真正的主语(不定式、动名词或从句)则放于谓语或表语之后。 例如:Itis nor easy to finish the work in two days. 然而有少数表语之后接动名词作真正的主语。这些表语是:无助(no help)、无用(no use)、没好处(no good);工作(hard work)、费时(a waste of time)、且危险(a danger)。 例如:A、It is no use crying over spilt milk. B、It is a waste of time waiting for him. 2、It还可以作形式宾语。通常下列动词后面可接it作形式宾语:2f2tcjm (find,feel ,think , take, consider,judge, make)。 例如:A、He made it clear that he was not interested in this subject. B、I think it no use arguing with him. 3、It用于强调句式。要强调句子的某一部分(主语、宾语、状语),可以把it当作先行词。 这种句子的结构是:It is(was)+ 被强调部分+that(who)+句子的其余部分。 例如:A、It is Professor Lin who teaches us English—(强调主语) B、It was in Shanghai that l saw the film.—(强调状语) C、It was in 1990 that I worked in the factory.(同上) 但要注意与定语从句的区别。 例如:D、It was 1990 when I worked in the factory.(定语从句) 我们去掉强调结构It is (was) …that,句子意义很完整。它就是强调句。反之,就是定语从句。如例句C。而例句D就不能。 在考试中提高做题的正确率,才是提分王道!以下是白杨老师精选的21道初中英语语法易错题,希望家长们能督促孩子花点时间记下来啦! 【第1例】 ★Because he was ill yesterday, so he didn’t go to work. (×) ★Because he was ill yesterday, he didn’t go to work. (√) ★He was ill yesterday, so he didn’t go to work. (√) [析] 用though, but表示“虽然……,但是…… ”或用because, so 表示“因为……,所以……”时,though和but 及because和so 都只能择一而用,不能两者同时使用。 【第2例】 ★ The Smiths have moved Beijing. (×) ★The Smiths have moved to Beijing. (√) [析] 不及物动词后接名词或代词作宾语时,要在动词之后加上适当的介词;但不及物动词后接home, here, there等副词作宾语时,动词之后不必加任何介词。 【第3例】 ★The box is too heavy for him to carry it. (×) ★The box is too heavy for him to carry. (√) [析] the box既是这句话的主语, 也是不定式to carry的逻辑宾语,若句末再加上it,就和the box重复了。 【第4例】 ★ Each of the boys have a pen. (×) ★Each of the boys has a pen. (√) [析] 复数名词前有表个体的each of, one of, every,either of等词组修饰,或有表否定的neither of, none of 等词组修饰时,谓语动词要用单数形式。 【第5例】 ★Neither he nor you is good at English. (×) ★Neither he nor you are good at English. (√) [析] either... or..., neither... nor..., not only..., but also... 等词组连接句子的两个主语时,谓语动词遵循“就近一致原则”, 即由靠近谓语的那个主语决定谓语的人称和数用何种形式。 初中生i学习(sszzb_czb) 【第6例】 ★Ten minus three are seven. (×) ★Ten minus three is seven. (√) [析] 用英语表示加(plus)、减(minus)等数学运算时,谓语动词也用单数形式。 初中生i学习(sszzb_czb) 【第7例】 ★ The number of the workers in this factory are about 5,000. (×) ★The number of the workers in this factory is about 5,000. (√) [析] the number of表示“……的数量”,谓语动词用单数形式;a number of 的意思是“若干”或“许多”,相当于some或a lot of,和复数名词连用,谓语动词用复数形式。 初中生i学习(sszzb_czb) 【第8例】 ★ 例 Hello! I have important something to tell you. (×) ★Hello! I have something important to tell you. (√) [析] 形容词或动词不定式修饰不定代词作定语时,修饰成分要置于不定代词之后。 初中生i学习(sszzb_czb) 【第9例】 ★ His son is enough old to go to school. (×) ★His son is old enough to go to school. (√) [析] enough作形容词修饰名词时,可以放在名词前,也可放在名词后;作副词修饰形容词或副词时,只能放在形容词或副词之后。 初中生i学习(sszzb_czb) 【第10例】 ★ Here is your sweater, put away it.(×) ★Here is your sweater, put it away. (√) [析] put away, pick up, put on等“动词+副词”构成的词组后接代词作宾语时,代词只能放在动词和副词之间。 初中生i学习(sszzb_czb) 【第11例】 ★ Look! Here the bus comes.(×) ★Look! Here comes the bus.(√) [析] 在以here, there引起的陈述句中,若句子的主语是名词,要用倒装语序,即用“Here /There+动词+名词”结构;但主语若是代词时,则不用倒装语序, 即用“Here/There +代词+动词”结构。 初中生i学习(sszzb_czb) 【第12例】 ★ I do well in playing football, _______. (我妹妹也行) ★A. so my sister does(×)B. so does my sister(√) ★Li Lei is really a football fan. --- _______. (确实这样) A. So is he(×) B. So he is(√) [析] “so+be动词/助动词+主语”的倒装结构表示前面所述情况也适用于后者,意为“……也是这样”;“so+主语+be动词/助动词”的陈述结构表示对前述情况的肯定,意为“……确实如此”。 初中生i学习(sszzb_czb) 【第13例】 重庆比中国的其他城市都大。 ★Chongqing is larger than any city in China. (×) ★Chongqing is larger than any other city in China. (√) [析] “any city in China”包括了重庆这座城市, 同一事物自己与自己不能做比较,只有在city 前加上other才能表示重庆和中国的其它城市比较大小。 初中生i学习(sszzb_czb) 【第14例】 ★The weather in Guangzhou is warmer than Beijing. (×) ★The weather in Guangzhou is warmer than that in Beijing . (√) [析] 表示比较时,句子中的两个比较对象必须一致,不同的比较对象不能做比较。错误句的比较对象分别为the weather in Guangzhou和Beijing,这两个不同类的事物之间不能做比较。 初中生i学习(sszzb_czb) 【第15例】 ★His sister married with a teacher last summer.(×) ★His sister married a teacher last summer. (√) [析] 表达“A和B结婚”,要用A married/will marry B。这时务必要避免受汉语影响使用A married/will marry with B。 初中生i学习(sszzb_czb) 【第16例】 ★There is going to have a film tonight. (×) ★There is going to be a film tonight. (√) [析] 一般将来时用在 There be 句式中时,be going to或will之后的动词原形只能用be,也就是说要用There is (are) going to be.... / There will be....。 初中生i学习(sszzb_czb) 【第17例】 ★I’ll go hiking if it won’t rain next Sunday. (×) ★I’ll go hiking if it doesn’t rain next Sunday.(√) [析] 习惯上在含有时间状语从句和条件状语从句的复合句中,如果主句的谓语动词用了一般将来时,从句的谓语动词要用一般现在时表示将来的动作。 初中生i学习(sszzb_czb) 【第18例】 ★Teacher told us yesterday that the earth went around the sun. (×) ★Teacher told us yesterday that the earth goes around the sun. (√) [析] 习惯上在含有宾语从句的复合句中,主句的谓语动词用了一般过去时,从句的谓语动词要用过去的某种时态。但如果从句表述的是一客观事实或客观真理时,则不受主句时态的影响,而用一般现在时。 初中生i学习(sszzb_czb) 【第19例】 ★All the balls are not round. 翻译成汉语: 所有的球都不是圆的。(×) 并不是所有的球都是圆的。(√) [析] all, every, both等词和not连用时,not通常放在all, every, both的后面,一般情况下表示部分否定,意为“并非……都……”。 初中生i学习(sszzb_czb) 【第20例】 ★--- He didn’t go to school yesterday, did he? -- _______, though he didn’t feel very well. A. No, he didn’t (×) B. Yes, he did (√) ★例--- Don’t you usually come to school by bike? -- _______. But I sometimes walk. A. No, I don’t (×) B. Yes, I do (√) [析] 习惯上英语中的yes意为“是的”,no意为“不”,但在“前否后肯”的反意疑问句或否定疑问句中,yes意为“不”,no意为“是的”。 初中生i学习(sszzb_czb) 【第21例】 ★---- Excuse me, is the supermarket far from here? ---- No,it's about _______. A. 7 minutes walk B. 7 minute walk C. 7 minutes' walk D. 7 minute's walk [析] 答案为C。本题考查名词所有格用法。当名词的复数以-s结尾时,则只需要加“'”即可,则“7分钟的距离”为“7 minutes' walk”。 |
|
来自: LUCKYHOME6d5w3 > 《教育》