【呼吸系统】支气管闭锁

病史

52 / F；Chief Complaint：Incidental abnormality on a chest radiograph

52岁，女性，胸片偶发异常。

影像学检查

图1 胸片

图2 胸部CT增强

图3 胸部CT肺窗

图4 胸部CT肺窗

影像学表现

A chest radiograph shows a nodule in the right upper lung zone. No other abnormality is evident.

胸片显示右肺上野结节影；无明显其他异常。

CT scans show branching soft-tissue opacity and surrounding hyperlucency in the apical segment of the right upper lobe. The lesions show neither calcification or enhancement. The other areas appear normal. 

CT显示右肺上叶尖段分枝状高密度病灶，周围肺野过度充气。病灶内未见钙化。增强后未见强化。无明显其他异常。

诊断

Congenital bronchial atresia

先天性支气管闭锁

诊断关键点

Congenital bronchial atresia is an anomaly characterized by obliteration of the proximal lumen of a segmental bronchus, with preservation of the distal structures.

先天性支气管闭锁是一种先天性异常，其以近端闭塞，远端残留为特征。

The areas most frequently involved are the apical and posterior segments of the left upper lobe, followed by the segmental bronchi of the right upper lobe, middle lobe, and rarely a lower lobe.

最常累及左肺上叶尖后段支气管，右肺上叶段支气管，中叶支气管，下叶罕见。

The mucous secretions generated in the bronchi accumulate at the point of obstruction.

支气管内粘液分泌物进一步加重阻塞。

Air enters the affected segment via collateral channels, producing overinflation.
气体通过旁路进入受累肺段，产生过度充气。

The radiographic findings mirror the pathologic changes: the affected area is darker than the surrounding lung, and, on radiographs obtained at expiration, obstructive emphysema is obvious.

影像学表现反映病理学改变。受累区域较周围区域密度更低。呼气相胸片显示阻塞性肺气肿更显著。

The accumulated secretions appear as areas of mucous impaction, which may have the typical branching pattern.

分泌物的积聚表现为粘液嵌塞，呈典型分枝状。

The findings on CT scans are the same as those observed on chest radiographs, namely, segmental overinflation and mucous impaction, which are the hallmark of this condition.

CT表现与胸片一致：受累肺段过度充气、粘液嵌塞。

部分文章中提到有【血管减少】

atresia [ə'triʒə]:

n. 闭锁（畸形）；无孔；不通（如子宫，输卵管）

'occlusion of a natural passage in the body,'

体内通道的闭塞

' from a-, privative prefix, + tresis 'perforation（穿孔）,'

a-：否定前缀；tresis：穿孔

前缀：a- 
① 加在单词或词根前面，表示'不，无，非' 
acentric 无中心的（a+centric中心的） 
asocial 不好社交的（a+social好社交的） 
amoral 非道德性的

② 加在单词前，表示'在…，…的'
asleep 睡着的（a+sleep睡觉）
aside 在边上（a+side旁边）

secretion 英 [sɪ'kriːʃ(ə)n]；美 [sɪ'kriʃən]
n. 分泌；分泌物；藏匿；隐藏

前缀：se- 表示“分开, 离开, 区别开”

词根：cret, cern(creet, cre)
cret,cern为同源异形根=to sift（筛选） to observe（观察）

secrete
  v.分泌；躲藏，隐藏，隐匿；se(=away,apart)
  secrete cell 分泌细胞
secrete （se+crete分辨→分辨开→分泌；藏起来；）

secretion
n.分泌（作用）；分泌物（如唾液、胆汁等）；藏匿，隐藏
  secretion of stolen goods 藏匿偷来的赃物

secret：n.秘密；机密；adj.秘密的；

secrecy：n.秘密（性）；保密，

secretive：adj.隐藏的；（对自己的想法、感情、意图等）

secretary：n.秘书；书记；干事

excreta：n.排泄物；分泌物；粪便；ex(=out)

来源：优词