动词不定式的基础用法

今天，我们讲讲的动词不定式。喜欢的小伙伴们可以关注上面的公众号，并分享给其他的朋友和英语学习者。

动词不定式形式，即to do，就像是在动词前面加了一个语法标记。写成to do sth.的时候可以称作不定式短语。它也存在特殊形式，即省to的不定式，省to的形式只有少数情况可以用。例如：to finish your work, to get up early, to make a cake.

 

我们按照其句法功能来分类它的用法。

1.作主语

To learn English well is not easy.

学好英语不容易。

To see is to believe.

眼见为实。

难点：

不定式作主语时，如果后面接系表结构，则常常使用it做形式主语，不定式后置。如：

It is not easy to learn English well.

学好英语不容易。

It is interesting to play with pets.

与宠物玩很有趣。

It's nice to meet you.

见到你很高兴。

 

2.作动词的宾语

I want to go shopping.

我要去购物。

We decided to change my hotel.

我们决定换宾馆。

 

3.作宾语补足语

Mother told me to help her.

妈妈叫我去帮忙。

She invited her friends to go to her party.

她邀请她的朋友参加她的派对。

I do not want you to give up your dream.

我不想让你放弃梦想。

 

4.作状语

不定式作状语一般表示目的、原因和结果。

We went to Hunan to attend his class.

我们去湖南去听他的课。

Work hard to get an A.

努力学习去得个A。

I'm glad to meet you.

很高兴遇见你。

He woke up to find I missed his station.

他醒来发现我错过了他的站。

 

5.作定语

I have a lot of work to do.

我有许多工作要做。

Would you like something to eat?

你要吃点什么吗？

 

6.特殊疑问词加不定式

who, what, which, when, how, where+to do sth.构成的短语，在句中作主语、宾语和表语等。

Where to find my lost bag is a big problem.

哪里去找我丢失的包是个大问题。（作主语）

I don't know whom to ask for help.

我不知道去找谁帮忙。（作宾语）

The question is when to get my key back.

问题是什么时候去拿回我的钥匙。（作表语）

难点：

1.在had better, had best, would rather...than, would sooner, do nothing but等词组后省略to。

I can do nothing but wait for Mum.

我只能等妈妈。

You had better not go.

你最好别去。

 

2.当动词不定式略去时，常保留to表明省略了一个不定式。

—Will you take a walk?

你想散散步吗？

—I'll be glad to.

我乐意。

 

—Do you want to give a report?

你想作报告吗？

—I prefer not to.

我不愿作。

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练习：

1. It's our duty _________ (clean) the room every day.

2. It's hard for us _________(learn) English well.

3. He wants ______ (buy) some vegetables.

4. He found it very difficult ______ (sleep) before the exam.

5. Mr. Li often teaches his friends ______ (cook) Hunan food.

6. She went ______ (see) her teacher.

7. I'm sorry ______ (trouble) you.

8. We saw him ______ (enter) the building.

9. Your father is sleeping. You'd better not ______ (wake him up).

10. I was made ______ (do) my homework in the afternoon.

11. The old man told the child ______ (不要伤心).

12. He is _________(become) a doctor.

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我是王老师，高中英语教师，喜欢学习，喜欢思考，也喜欢分享。学习使人进步，思考使人睿智，分享使人快乐~

作者：衡阳县三中    王伟华老师
著作权归作者所有，任何形式的转载都请注明转之王老师高中英语学习坊。