虚拟语气用IF条件状语从句: 1. 条件句的分类:条件句表示主句的条件,分真实条件句和虚拟条件句两种。 A. 真实条件句:表条件是真的或有可能实现的,采用陈述语气。 Ø 时态关系---句型:条件从句:一般现在时表将来时。主句:用将来时 Ø 如:If rains tomorrow, our trip will be put off. 虚拟条件句:表条件是无法实现或几乎无法实现的,采用虚拟语气。时态: 1与现在事实相反的假设,从句if+主语+V过去式(be用were)主句:主语+would/could/should/might+v原如:If I had time,I would attend the meeting 2与过去事实相反的假设,从句IF+主语+过去完成时had done,主句:主语+would/should/could/might/+现在完成时have done 如:IF you had taken my advice,you would have passed the exam。 3与将来情况相反的假设,从句:IF+主语+V过去式/IF+主语+were to +V原/IF+主语+should+V原,主句:主语+would/should/could/might/+V原 如:IF you came tomorrow,we would have the meeting。 Attention:时态:可以表示过去,现在和将来的情况。它的基本特点是时态退后。 n 混合条件句:主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间,主句和从句的谓语动词的形式应分别根据各自所表示的时间加以调整。 如:If he had not hurt his leg yesterday,he would go with us now。 n 虚拟条件的倒装:如果从句中有were,should,had等词,可省略IF,并把were,should,had放句首进行倒装。如:Were they to arrive before we depart the day after tomorrow,we should have a wonderful party。 n 含蓄条件句:有时为了表达的需要,在虚拟语气中并不是总是出现IF引导的条件句, 而是通过某个介词,介词短语或不定式表现出来。如with ,without ,but for,but,otherwise等。如:I was away that day,otherwise I would have attention the lecture。 n 虚拟语气在wish后的宾语从句中的用法:在动词后的宾语从句中,表与现在或过去的事实相反,或对将来的主观愿望,从句通常省略连词that。其从句谓语V形式为:表现在:过去式(be动词一般用were)----表过去:过去完成时-----表将来:would,might,could+V原 虚拟语气在as if,though引导的状语从句的用法:其从句谓语动词形式为: 表现在:did,were(be动词一般用were) 表过去:had done 表将来;would+v原 如:He speakes as if he had been to the United States。
名词性从句中要求用虚拟语气的动词(主从,表从,宾从,同位语从句) 1,suggest,order,demand,propose,command,request,desire,insist,require,advice引导的宾语从句要用虚拟语气,以(should)+V原的形式出现。如:The captian commanded that all the sailors(should)get down to work at once。 2 It is suggest(ordered,demand,propose,command,requested,desired,insisted,required)that····后面的主语从句中要用虚拟语气,也以(should)+V原 3 以上这些动词的名词形式后面的表语从句和同位语从句也要用虚拟语气,也用(should)+v原 如:My suggestion is that you (should )go home first before coming here. Attention:当suggest表示暗示,insist表示坚持认为时不用虚拟。 |
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