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格雷格（Michael Greger） 医生是畅销书《How Not to Die》作者，中文译本：繁体版书名为《食疗圣经》。简体版书名为《救命》，已于今年7月19日发售，详情见文末。 请至 “蔬食益生” 主菜单 ===》“分类导航”===》“分类目录” 查看往期文章。 如何赢得癌症战争？ How to Win the War on Cancer? 视频摘要：化疗对结肠癌、肺癌、乳腺癌和前列腺癌的疗效如何？ How effective is chemotherapy for colon, lung, breast, and prostate cancer? 在过去的几十年里，医学发起了一场针对癌症的重大战争，专注于早期诊断和改善治疗。 Over the last several decades,…medicine has waged a major war against cancer, concentrating on earlier diagnosis and improved therapy. 但并没有赢得这场战争。 The war is not being won.
尽管如此，医学没有任何迹象去承认其战略可能存在的缺陷。 Nevertheless, medicine shows few signs of admitting that its strategy may be flawed.
这里，它和第一次世界大战的一位将领说的一样：“伤亡是巨大的。得到的却微不足道。结论还在接近。” In this it resembles a World War I general who stated: “Casualties: huge. Ground gained: negligible. Conclusion: press on.”
如果你看看癌症化疗对癌症患者的5年生存上的贡献，它只有大约2％的成功率。 If you look at the contribution of cancer-killing chemo to five-year survival in cancer patients, it’s on the order of only about 2%. 现在，我们已经可以对一些儿科癌症进行很好的治疗，睾丸癌和霍奇金病是例外，但如果你看看最常见的癌症 - 结肠癌，肺癌，乳腺癌，前列腺癌 - 成功率只有1％左右。 Now, there’s some pediatric cancers we’ve gotten good at treating, and testicular cancer and Hodgkin’s disease are exceptions, but if you look at our most common cancers — colon, lung, breast, and prostate — the success rate is only about 1%.
意思就像在14,000个结肠癌患者之中，通过化疗只有146名患者可以多生存5年。 Meaning like, out of nearly 14,000 colon cancer patients, only 146 lived out five years thanks to chemotherapy.
所以，生存的机会就像百分之一，但医生不会告诉患者。 So, the chance of survival benefit is like one in a hundred, but doctors don’t tell patients that.
“新型化疗药物被推广为重大突破，只是后来都被悄悄地拒绝了。” “New chemotherapy drugs are promoted as major breakthroughs, only to be later quietly rejected.” “化疗对于常见癌症生存的微小影响与许多患者的看法相冲突，因为他们觉得正在接受的治疗可以大大提高他们痊愈的机会。” “The minimal impact on survival in the more common cancers conflicts with the perceptions of many patients who feel they are receiving a treatment that will significantly enhance their chances of cure.”
“鉴于细胞毒性化疗对于5年生存率的微小影响，而且由于在过去的20年里并没有任何重大进展，因此它的主要作用实际上是缓和。” “In view of the minimal impact of cytotoxic chemotherapy on 5-year survival, and the lack of any major progress over the last 20 years, it follows that its main role is really in palliation.”
它可以缩小肿瘤，缓解疼痛和压力，但这不会转化为延长的生命。 It can shrink tumors down, relieving pain and pressure — but that doesn’t tend to translate into living any longer.
“治疗上的失败，加上意识到绝大多数的癌症与环境因素有关，特别是生活方式，预防应该是我们最重要的目标。” “The failure of therapy, coupled with the realization that the overwhelming majority of cancer is related to environmental, particularly lifestyle, factors, dictates that prevention should be our foremost aim.”
癌症其实是一种可预防的疾病，但它确实需要重大的生活方式上的改变。 “Cancer is largely a preventable disease,” but it does “require major lifestyle changes.” 在每年被诊断患有癌症的数百万人中，多达90-95％的癌症是由生活方式因素引起的，只有5％到10％由坏基因引起。 Of the millions diagnosed with cancer every year, as many as 90 to 95% of cancers are caused by “lifestyle factors,” and only 5% to 10% caused by bad genes. 我们知道这是因为巨大的差异出现在世界各地不同形式癌症的发病率中，当人们从一个地方移动到另一个地方时，这也会改变。 We know this because of “enormous differences in the incidence of different forms of cancer” around the world, which then change when people move from one place to another.
因此，例如乳腺癌的发病率相差一个数量级，在非洲和亚洲部分地区的发病率最低，直到他们移民并开始像美国人、阿根廷人、欧洲人或澳大利亚人一样进食以及生活。 So, for example, breast cancer rates differ by an order of magnitude, with the lowest rates in parts of Africa and Asia, until they move and start eating and living like Americans, Argentinians, Europeans, or Australians. 因此，需要重新进行一个重大的评估如何去解决癌症问题。 So: “There is a need for a major reappraisal of how the problem of cancer is approached.” 赢得癌症战争的关键是“预防”，这不仅效果更好，而且“具有很大的优势，它不会比戒掉尼古丁或糖豆症状更糟糕。另一方面，即使成功，癌症治疗也经常会让病人身心受到很大的痛苦。事实上，一些癌症治疗被认为比疾病更糟糕。” The key to winning the war on cancer is “prevention,” which not only works better, but “has the great advantage that it entails nothing worse than nicotine or jelly bean withdrawal symptoms. On the other hand, cancer treatment, even when successful, often exposes the patient to much suffering, both physical and psychological. Indeed, some cancer treatments are considered worse than the disease.”
但最重要的是，健康的生活方式可以将它扼杀在萌芽状态，而早期诊断和治疗的定义是不会改变癌症发生率，不会改变一开始得癌症的人数。 Most importantly, though, a healthy lifestyle can nip it in the bud, whereas early diagnosis and treatment by definition doesn’t change the cancer rate; doesn’t change the number of people getting cancer in the first place.
在癌症预防和营养治疗方面，动物食品中的成分的摄入在历史数据上与癌症风险增加有关，而某些基于植物的食物成分与降低的风险有关联。 In terms of cancer prevention and treatment with nutrition, the consumption of animal-based food components has been historically “associated with increased cancer risk while certain plant-based food components have been associated with decreasing risk.”
所以，仅仅避免糟糕的东西是不够的。吃饭几乎是零和游戏。我们放在嘴里的每个食物都是失去了摄入更健康食物的机会。 So, it’s not enough to just avoid the bad stuff. Eating is pretty much “a zero-sum game.” Everything we put in our mouth is a lost opportunity to put something even healthier in our mouths. 所以，这不仅仅是避免具有促癌特性的食物，我们需要吃具有积极抗癌机制的食物。 So, it’s not just avoiding foods with cancer-promoting properties; we need to eat foods with active cancer-suppressing mechanisms.
通过“整体”营养，我们正在谈论的是全食物。 By “wholistic” nutrition, we’re talking about whole foods. 是的，这些是一些所谓的有效成分，如：姜黄、绿茶或西兰花等健康食物，但这是我们如何得到它们的方法，而不是通过药片。 Yes, these are some of the purported active ingredients of healthy things like turmeric, or green tea, or broccoli, but this is how we should get them — not from pills. 是的，最终癌症发展可能主要是一种营养反应性疾病，但我们不是在谈论营养补充剂，而是完整的、完好的食物。 Yes, ultimately “cancer development” may “primarily be a nutrition-responsive disease,” but we’re not talking about nutritional supplements, but rather “whole, intact food.”
翻译： Han Cai 编辑： Karen Chou (老玉米) 参考文献：
编后记： 昨天有读者私下跟我说，要我多登一些有关癌症的文章，因为周围实在太多人得癌症啦！ 癌症，一直以来是个非常沉重的话题，可以说是“谈癌色变”。 而且，人们不愿意正视癌症，病人家属甚至向病人隐瞒实情。担心告诉病人实情后，病人不是病死，而是被吓死。 得了癌症后，人们急于寻医问药，寄希望于化疗、放疗、手术，而很少想过自己的生活方式哪里出了问题。 “蔬食益生”发表过维生素D系列视频，已经发布4集，总共6集。 维生素D，与其说是维生素，不如说是一种激素，通过晒太阳，走进大自然，我们的身体可以制造这种激素。这种激素已经被海量的研究证明可以降低各种疾病，包括癌症的死亡率，及延长人的寿命。 但可惜的是，这系列的视频阅读量却是最低的！没关系的，补看不晚！ 阳光、空气、水和食物，每天与我们的身体发生相互作用，身体出了问题，多找找这些方面的原因。 正如视频里所说的：我们每吃一口高热量的动物性食物或垃圾食品，我们就失去了吃健康的抑制癌症发生和发展的全蔬食的机会。 此视频作者格雷格（ Michael Greger ）医生的书《救命》于7月19日正式发货！ 购买《救命》： 请至 “ 蔬食益生 ” 公众号主菜单 ===》“ 工具箱 ” ===》“《救命》书推广 ” 查看详情。 电影《我不是药神》徐峥新作，值得每个人都认真看一下，你会看到，疾病是怎样迅速榨干一个小康家庭的积蓄；你会看到，无论有钱没钱，在疾病面前都是多么的无助！ 预防永远大于治疗️ ！ 紧紧抓住《救命》饮食吧 ，让食物成为你的药！ |
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来自： zhihui2016 > 《健康 饮食》
