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NEWS HEALTH,DEVELOPMENT,EPIGENETICS Teens born from assisted pregnancies may have higher blood pressure协助怀孕的青少年可能有更高的血压 Reproductive technologies such as in vitro fertilization may put kids at risk of hypertension生殖技术，如体外受精，可能会使孩子有高血压的风险 BY AIMEE CUNNINGHAM 6:00AM, SEPTEMBER 5, 2018 SHARE ARTICLE AN ASSIST Lab-conducted in vitro fertilization procedures, as well as other assisted reproductive technologies, may increase the risk of hypertension in teens conceived with such help.辅助实验室进行的体外受精程序以及其他辅助生殖技术，可能会增加在这种帮助下怀孕的青少年患高血压的风险。 OKRASYUK/SHUTTERSTOCK SPONSOR MESSAGE Assisted pregnancies give infertile couples the chance at a child. But kids conceived with reproductive technologies, such as in vitro fertilization, or IVF, were more likely to develop high blood pressure as adolescents than their naturally conceived counterparts, a new study finds. Of 52 teens conceived with technological help, eight had hypertension, defined as blood pressure greater than 130/80 millimeters of mercury. 在52名接受技术帮助受孕的青少年中，有8人患有高血压，即血压超过130/80毫米汞柱Only one teen of 43 conceived naturally had the same high blood pressure, researchers report online September 3 in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology.心脏病学 High blood pressure raises the risk of later stroke and heart attack, among other health problems. The estimated prevalence of hypertension among U.S. adolescents is about 3.5 percent. Among the teens from assisted conceptions in the study, it was 15 percent. “This is a small study, and this is not terrible blood pressure, but it’s blood pressure that should alert somebody that we need to be checking it routinely,” says Larry Weinrauch, a cardiologist at Harvard Medical School who wrote an editorial accompanying the article.魏因劳赫(Weinrauch)是哈佛医学院(Harvard Medical School)的心脏病专家，他为这篇文章撰写了一篇社论。 As of 2014, more than 8 million babies worldwide had been born as a result of assisted pregnancies, according to preliminary data released in July by the International Committee for Monitoring Assisted Reproductive Technologies in Palo Alto, Calif. The new work follows a 2012 study by the researchers, looking at the same kids as preteens. At that time, Urs Scherrer, a specialist in internal medicine at the University of Bern in Switzerland, and colleagues found that the kids from assisted conceptions had blood vessels with qualities normally found in older adults. 接受辅助受孕治疗的孩子的血管通常具有老年人的特征。The vessels were stiffer and some had thicker walls, features that contribute to a higher future risk of cardiovascular disease.心血管疾病 The blood vessel abnormalities and the higher risk for hypertension may be the result of changes involving chemical tags, called epigenetic marks血管异常和高血压的高风险可能是化学标记的变化的结果，称为表观遗传标记 (SN: 12/24/16, p. 12). These tags are added to DNA or to proteins called histones, and can ramp gene activity up or down.这些标签被添加到DNA或被称为组蛋白的蛋白质中，可以使基因活性上升或下降 Environmental conditions — such as chemical exposures, diet and stress — can alter epigenetic marks and, therefore, alter the regulation of genes. Assisted reproductive technologies place mature eggs, or oocytes, and embryos in various environmental conditions that differ from that found in the womb. With in vitro fertilization, for example, mature eggs collected from the ovaries are fertilized with sperm in a lab before being implanted into the uterus.例如，从卵巢收集的成熟卵子在移植到子宫之前，在实验室里与精子受精 In studies in mice, Scherrer and his colleagues have shown that in vitro fertilization can alter an epigenetic mark that changes the regulation of a gene which is active in the aorta, the main artery of the body. Those mice also developed impaired blood vessels and hypertension. In humans, “somewhere between the harvesting of the oocytes and the implantation of the embryo in the uterus of the mother is a critical period where epigenetic changes take place,在人类中，“在卵母细胞的获取和胚胎在母体子宫内的植入之间的某个地方是发生表观遗传变化的关键时期。” says Scherrer, who is also a coauthor of the new study. More work is needed to uncover which epigenetic changes alter the development of the cardiovascular system. That information could perhaps improve assisted reproductive technologies and procedures, for example, by suggesting which environmental conditions outside the womb should be avoided because they may impact the chemical tags. In the meantime, Scherrer says, doctors should identify people conceived with assisted reproductive technology and monitor them. “Every general practitioner should ask about your fetal and neonatal history,每一位全科医生都应该询问你的胎儿和新生儿病史” Scherrer says. The use of these reproductive techniques “will have important effects on your future disease risk.” The very first child born from IVF, Louise Brown, turned 40 in July (SN Online: 7/25/18). Because kids conceived by these methods are still relatively young, it’s not yet clear if there are other related health effects. Weinrauch says researchers should collect data on the health of kids conceived with assisted reproductive technologies. “We have to start by making people aware of this and finding out if there is anything else going on.” Citations T. Meister et al. Association of assisted reproductive technologies with arterial hypertension during adolescence. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. Vol. 72, September 11, 2018, p. 1267. doi:10.1016/j.jacc2018.06.060. L. Weinrauch, M. Gerhard-Herman and Michael Mendelson. Is the mode of conception a marker for future cardiovascular risk? Journal of the
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