精准营养势在必行
上述的策略都有相应的一些理论和实验的支持,但是,这些策略的成功实施都离不开“精准”二字,因为如果我们对于个人的身体状况、肠道菌群组成、饮食习惯等没有全面的了解,上述这些策略的实施将是举步维艰!!!因此,要想通过SCFAs来干预机体的代谢问题,那么就需要围绕下述几个方向来展开:
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定义“健康肠道菌群”:肠道体外模拟模型筛选 “健康肠道菌群”,其标准为:菌群的生境内多样性高、双岐杆菌数量丰富、BPB数量丰富,丁酸产量高;目前关于“健康菌群”的定义以及与代谢疾病相关的菌群失调特征仍然存在一定争议,这也增加了设计个性化的干预方案来对抗代谢性疾病的难度。
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根据肠道菌群来补充膳食纤维:详细分析肠道菌群的构成,补充适当的膳食纤维(如增加“益生元”的摄入或高产丁酸的抗性淀粉等),增加SCFAs的产量;
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粪菌移植:将体外筛选扩增的BPB通过粪菌移植(fecal microbiota transplantation,FMT)的方式移植到菌群失调的患者中,增加丁酸盐的产量。目前来说,FMT短期是相对安全的,但研究远期安全性的数据极为缺乏。
小科普 >>>
粪菌移植[16]为一种重塑肠道菌群的方法,是治疗肠道菌群紊乱导致疾病的重要手段,简单来说就是将健康人肠道中的益生菌群,移植到患者胃肠道内,重建新的肠道菌群微生态平衡,实现肠道及肠道外疾病的治疗。
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带着益生菌“一起玩儿”的肠道才会更健康!
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肠道菌群通过“肠-脑”信号传递影响宿主的行为或情绪!
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短链脂肪酸是肠道菌的“秘密武器”, 丁酸、乙酸和丙酸均参与能量代谢的调控,其中丁酸及丁酸盐在抑制肥胖和拮抗肿瘤中的活性最为明确!无论是作为一种独立的治疗手段,还是作为干预措施的一部分,调节肠道菌群或短链脂肪酸构成在治疗肥胖及相关疾病上都具有很大的潜力。
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可溶性膳食纤维、益生菌、益生元都可以作为增加肠道菌威力的“秘密武器”,不仅能改善肠道菌群组成,更可以促进大量内源性短链脂肪酸的形成,参与体内能量代谢!
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“精准营养干预”需要在干预前对肠道菌群进行描述并考虑患者的特征(临床背景和生活方式)后进行!
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