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介绍 Hello，大家好，我是小墨，一个集美貌与才华一身… 咳咳，不好意思，说错词了， 我是一个热爱科普的姑娘， 从今天起，小墨根据邀请嘉宾的演讲内容，挑选出一个个有趣的科学问题，以手绘动漫加上配音的形式分享给大家，让顶级专家的分享轻松地传达到您的大脑里。 今天，就让我和大家来聊一聊，细菌里有没有免疫系统。 视频·中文（2分46秒） 图文 我们都知道，人是一个多细胞的系统，我们人类的免疫系统里有B细胞、T细胞、巨噬细胞等， 就像是超级大国的国防部，海陆空兵种齐全，甚至还有特种兵 但是，细菌只是一个单细胞生物，它也会有免疫系统吗？ 事实上，细菌还真的有免疫系统， 我们假设细菌是一个小村子， 那么DNA就是村委会，决策着细胞内所有活动的进行 在DNA序列里有一个区间，相当于村子里的派出所。 病毒就是坏人，整天在村子外面晃悠， 想找机会派遣自己的DNA入侵村庄 一旦进入村庄，它会劫持村委会，并胁迫整个系统为自己生产更多的病毒 达到一定数量之后，它会 “嘣”炸掉村子，再去祸害其他村庄 这就是病毒感染细菌的过程。 但是如果在噬菌体入侵之后，某个细菌特别强壮大难不死 派出所就会从病毒的DNA里找出一段它特有的DNA序列，整合到自己的基因组里 相当于给这个病毒 “咔嚓”拍个照片，储存在档案库里 再有其他敌人来犯，派出所同样给它拍张照片，久而久之，派出所里就储存了很多的坏人照片 并且最新的坏人照片会被放在最上面 在这个派出所里，还有一个职工，叫做CAS蛋白。 CAS蛋白每天都来派出所上班，嘀~ 打卡。 它的任务就是从档案库里拿着坏人的照片，在村子里到处巡逻， 到来过的坏人病毒，CAS蛋白和照片一比对，哦，这是坏人！它就祭出双刀，手起刀落，把病毒的特异DNA序列切掉！ 毒就无法入侵村子啦，这就是细菌里面的免疫系统。 怎么样，是不是很神奇？本视频的内容来自墨子沙龙第三季刘小乐教授的科普报告， 如果想要了解更多，请戳底部二维码，扫码观看更多科普长视频！如果喜欢我们的视频，欢迎朋友圈转发哦。 视频 （English version ） 英文字幕 Hello everyone, my name is Mitzi. My favorite color is blue, I like singing in the shower, picking my toenails and… Oops, too much information, right? Anyways, I’ve always found science really fun, so today I’m going to talk to everyone about whether or not bacteria have immune systems. It’s common knowledge that humans are multicellular organisms. In our immune system, there are B-cells, T-cells, macrophages, etcetera, like the defense department of a superpower, complete with sea, land, and airforces. However, a bacterium is only a single cellorganism, would it also have and immune system? In fact, they really do have one. Let’s suppose the bacterium is a village and the DNA is the town council that decides what happens within the cell. In it’s DNA sequence there’s an interval, which is basically the village police department Viruses are the bad guys, and they loiter outside the village all day, waiting for a chance to send its own DNA inside. As soon as they get inside, they will hijack the town council and force the entire system to produce more viruses. At some point, they will explode the village and go looking formore villages to ruin. This is how viruses infect bacteria. However, if abacterium manages to survive the invasion of the viruses, The police department will find a specific sequence in its DNA and integrate it into its own genome. In simpler words, they take a picture of the virus, storing it into its archive. If other enemies attack, the police department will do the same to them. As time passes, they will have gathered many pictures of the bad guys, And the newest ones always go on top. In this police department, there’s another worker, called the CAS protein. He goes to work each day, and his job is to take the photos of the bad guys and go on patrol around the village, If he meets one of them, the CAS protein compares it with the photo,and, ah, its a bad guy! Then he gets out his weapons, and chop chop (!), slices off the specific DNA sequence of the virus. That way, the virus will no longer be able to invade the village. This is the immune system of bacteria. So? Isn’t it fantastical? The contents of this video belong to MiciusSalon’s pop-science report from Professor Xiaole Shirley Liu, if interested in knowing more, please scan the QR code at the bottomto watch even more pop-science videos. 想要和更多志同道合的人一同讨论科普问题，获得墨子沙龙小秘书贴心服务，及时获取各类科普活动通知吗？扫码加墨子沙龙小秘书，拉你入墨子沙龙超大群。 墨子沙龙是由中国科学技术大学上海研究院主办、上海市浦东新区科学技术协会及中国科大新创校友基金会协办的公益性大型科普论坛。沙龙的科普对象为对科学有浓厚兴趣、热爱科普的普通民众，力图打造具有中学生学力便可以了解当下全球最尖端科学资讯的科普讲坛。 关于“墨子沙龙” |
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