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Source：科学60秒 Date：2006.09.11 Cool Bees Pick Warm FlowersThis is Scientific American’s 60-Second Science. I''m Steve Mirsky. Got a minute? Why thebumble bees pick some flowers over others? Researchers have known for a while that flower’s color can be a signal. Color in short hand that says to a bee: hey, I get some good quality nectar here, want to stop by for a visit. But new findings show that bees also use color to get clues about a flower’s temperature. And according to a study from a British research team published in the Journal Nature, some like it hot. Bees use up a lot of energy just stay in warm on some days. In fact, they can’t even fly if they are too cold. So if one flower is warmer than another, a bee can save some of its fuel by basking on that flower while it’s doing its pollinating business. And it turns out that bumble bees consistently do choose warmer flowers over cooler ones, even when the two flowers offer up the same quantity and quality of nectar. Some plants seem to be evolutionarily adapted to be slightly warmer because the warmer ones get visited more by the chillybees. When it comes to getting pollinated, apparently the heat is on, and that is the buzz. Thanks for the minute for Scientific American’s 60-Second Science. I''m Steve Mirsky. Words:bumble bee：大黄蜂bomme。bombyll The word ''bumblebee'' is a compound of ''bumble'' + ''bee''—''bumble'' meaning to hum, buzz, drone, or move ineptly or flounderingly.The generic name Bombus, assigned by Pierre André Latreille in 1802, is derived from the Latin word for a buzzing or humming sound.According to the Oxford English Dictionary (OED), the term ''bumblebee'' was first recorded as having been used in the English language in the 1530 work Lesclarcissement by John Palsgrave, ''I bomme, as a bombyll bee dothe.''However the OED also states that the term ''humblebee'' predates it, having first been used in 1450 in Fysshynge wyth Angle, ''In Juyll the greshop & the humbylbee in the medow.''[5] The latter term was used in A Midsummer Night''s Dream (circa 1600) by William Shakespeare, ''The honie-bags steale from the humble Bees.''An old provincial name, ''dumbledor'', also denoted a buzzing insect such as a bumblebee or cockchafer, ''dumble'' probably imitating the sound of these insects, while ''dor'' meant ''beetle''.Bumblebees appear as characters, often eponymously, in children''s books. The surname Dumbledore in the Harry Potter series (1997–2007) is an old name for bumblebee.J. K. Rowling said the name ''seemed to suit the headmaster, because one of his passions is music and I imagined him walking around humming to himself''.J. R. R. Tolkien, in his poem Errantry, also used the name Dumbledor, but for a large bee-like creature（wikipedia：https://en./wiki/Bumblebee）.
Dumbledore：邓布利多，古英语大黄蜂之意，J.K.罗琳想象他口中嗡嗡般念念有词地漫步在 nectar：花蜜 nectar (n.)1550s, from Latin nectar, from Greek nektar, name of the drink of the gods, which is said to be a compound of nek- ''death'' (from PIE root *nek- (1) ''death'') + -tar ''overcoming,'' from PIE root *tere- (2) ''cross over, pass through, overcome.'' Meaning ''sweet liquid in flowers'' first recorded c. 1600.（OED） *nek- (1)Proto-Indo-European root meaning ''death.'' It forms all or part of: innocent; innocuous; internecine; necro-; necropolis; necrosis; necromancy; nectar; nectarine; nociceptive; nocuous; noxious; nuisance; obnoxious; pernicious.
bask：晒太阳 late 14c., basken ''to wallow'' (especially in warm water or blood, of unknown etymology. Middle English Dictionary rejects the derivation from Old Norse baðask ''to bathe oneself'' (with loss of middle syllable), reflexive of baða ''bathe'' (see bathe) + Proto-Germanic *-sik ''one''s self'' (source also of German sich; see -sk).Meaning ''soak up a flood of warmth'' is apparently due to Shakespeare''s use of the word in reference to sunshine in ''As You Like It'' (1600). Related: Basked; basking.（OED）
pollinate：传授花粉。pollen：花粉 pollinate (v.)1873, back formation from pollination, or else from pollin-, stem of Latin pollen (see pollen) + -ate(2). Related: Pollinated; pollinating.（OED） pollen (n.)1760 as a botanical term for the fertilizing element of flowers (from Linnæus, 1751), earlier ''fine flour'' (1520s), from Latin pollen ''mill dust; fine flour,'' which is related to polenta ''peeled barley,'' and probably to Greek poltos ''pap, porridge,'' Sanskrit pálalam ''ground seeds,''but the ultimate origin is uncertain.
chilly：寒冷的。chill：寒冷，寒冷的 chilly (adj.)1560s, ''causing a sensation of cold,'' from chill (n.) + -y (2). Meaning ''feeling coldish'' is attested from 1610s; figurative sense of ''distant, formal, not hearty or affectionate'' is by 1841. Related: Chilliness. Earlier as an adjective was simply chill ''tending to cause shivering'' (1510s).
the heat is on：忙碌紧张的时候开始了 buzz：嗡嗡叫 buzz (v.)late 15c. (buzzing is from late 14c.), echoic of bees and other insects. Aviation sense of ''fly low and close'' is by 1941 (see buzz (n.)). Related: Buzzed. To buzz off ''go away quickly'' (1914) originally meant ''to ring off on the telephone,'' from the use of buzzers to signal a call or message on old systems. As a command, it originally would have been telling someone to get off the line. buzz (n.)''a busy rumour'' [Rowe], 1620s (earlier ''a fancy,'' c. 1600), figurative use from buzz (v.). Literal sense of ''a humming sound'' is from 1640s. A ''buzz'' was the characteristic sound of an airplane in early 20c.; hence verbal sense ''to fly swiftly,'' by 1928; by 1940 especially in military use, ''to fly low over a surface as a warning signal'' (for example that target practice is about to begin):The patrol aircraft shall employ the method of warning known as ''buzzing'' which consists of low flight by the airplane and repeated opening and closing of the throttle. [1941 Supplement to the Code of Federal Regulations of the United States of America,'' Chap. II, Corps of Engineers, War Department, p. 3434, etc. ]Meaning ''pleasant sense of intoxication'' first recorded 1935. The children''s game of counting off with 7 or multiples of it replaced by buzz is attested from 1864 and is mentioned in ''Little Women'' (1868). To give (someone) a buzz (by 1922) is from the buzz that announced a call on old telephone systems (1913). Buzz bomb ''V1 rocket'' is from 1944.
《The Flight of The Bumble Bee》（野蜂飞舞） Audio
Website address：https://www./podcast/episode/00046725-b9c8-1501-b9c883414b7f00ff/
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