宾语从句小口诀
宾语从句三注意,时态语序引导词;
主句一般现在时,从句不需受限制;
主句一般过去时,从句须用相应时;
陈述句转化that引,一般疑问句用if/whether,
特殊问句疑问词,引导词后陈述式。
1 概念:在句中担当宾语的从句叫宾语从句,宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语,也可做介词的宾语。
一、动词
的宾语从句
1.大多数位于动词后面
Eg:I hope you can join us in the game.
我希望你能加入我们的比赛。
He said he was good at drawing. (动词宾语)
他说他擅长画画。
He asks him how long Mike has been in bed . (动词宾语)
他问他迈克卧床多久了。
2. 有些是“动词+副词”后
Find out(找出)
point out([pɔint aut]指明;指出)
figure out ([ˈfiɡə aut]想出;解决;计算出;弄明白)
turn out(结果是)
Eg: Can you figure out/ understand([ˌʌndəˈstænd]懂,理解)
what the poet([ˈpəʊɪt]诗人) really([ˈri:əli]真正地) means
([mi:nz]意味着) in this poem([ˈpəʊɪm]诗)?
你能理解诗人在这首诗中的真正含义吗?
3.有些是“动词+介词”后
eg: Miss Zhang is angry([ˈæŋgri]生气的;愤怒的 ) at what you said. (介词宾语)(angry at因…而发怒,生…的气 )
张小姐对你说的话很生气。
4. 有些动词短语后面
Make sure ([meik ʃuə]确保)
make up one’s mind (决定,下决心)
keep in mind([maɪnd]介意)(牢记)
Eg; we should keep in mind that sports can be a great
boost([bu:st]促进) to our health([helθ]健康).
我们应该记住,体育运动可以极大的促进我们的健康。
二、 it 作形式宾语代替宾语从句
第一类动词
find feel think make
believe([bɪˈli:v]相信) guess([ges]猜测)
suppose([səˈpəʊz]假设) assume([əˈsju:m]假定)
consider([kənˈsɪdə(r)]考虑)
等后面有宾语补足语时,需要用it作形式宾语而将that引导的真正的宾语从句后置。
Eg: I think it necessary([ˈnesəsəri]必要的) that we do some sporting.
我认为我们有必要做些运动。
第二类动词 带宾语从句时需要在从句前面加it。这类词有:
hate([heɪt]讨厌,憎恨) like see to
dislike([dɪsˈlaɪk]厌恶;不喜欢) appreciate([əˈpri:ʃieɪt]欣赏)
depend(依赖;依靠;信赖)on([diˈpend ɔn]依靠)
Eg: I hate it when they talk without([wɪˈðaʊt]没有)
considering([kənˈsɪdərɪŋ]考虑到) other’s feeling.
我讨厌他们说话时不考虑别人的感受。
但是如果宾语从句是WH-类引导的,其后面有to be 短语作宾语补足语,不可以用it代替。
(1)We all consider what you said to be unbelievable([ˌʌnbɪˈli:vəbl]难以置信). (right)
我们都认为你说的难以置信。
(2)We all consider it to be unbelievable what you said .(wrong)
当宾语从句后跟有宾语补足语时,通常在宾语从句处使用形式宾语it,而将真正的宾语从句移至句末:
(1)I think it best that you should stay here.
我认为你最好住这儿。
(2)He hasn’t made it known when he is going to get
married([ˈmærid]嫁;娶). (结婚)
他还没让人知道他何时结婚。
(3)She found it difficult to answer the question.
她发现回答这个问题很困难。
(4)He feels it his duty([ˈdju:ti]义务;职责,责任) to hetp
others.
他认为帮助别人是他的责任。
(5)He thought it best to be on his guard([gɑ:d]警卫;警惕.警惕).
他认为他最好还是要警惕。
(6)He made it a rule([ru:l]规则,规定) to speak in
Parliament([ˈpɑ:ləmənt]议会,国会) at least([li:st]最少的.至少)
once every session([ˈseʃn]开会,会议).
他规定自己在议会每次开会时至少发一次言。
(7)I find it interesting to talk to you.
我觉得同你谈话很有意思。
(8)I consider it wrong to cheat([tʃi:t]作弊,行骗) in an examination([ɪgˌzæmɪˈneɪʃn]检查;考试).
我认为考试作弊是不对的。
We thought it strange that Xiao Wang did not come yesterday.
He has made it clear that he will not give in.
三、 形容词后的宾语从句
Adj: sure / certain/ glad/ pleased/ happy / afraid /
sorry 等等。
Eg; I am not sure whether you will come or not.
我不确定你是否会来。
某些形容词或过去分词后常接宾语从句,这类形容词或过去分词有sure,glad,certain,pleased,happy,afraid,surprised,satisfied等,连词that可省略。
I am not sure what I ought to do.
I’m afraid you don’t understand what I said.
I’m surprised that I didn’t see all that before.
Mother was very pleased her daughter had passed the exams.