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考点90： 宾语从句的基本用法 名词性从句在复合句中作谓语动词、 非谓语动词、 介词的宾语时被称为宾语从句。高考中常见的宾语从句包括以下几种情况： 1. that引导的宾语从句(that经常可以被省略)， 例如： His mother said (that) Saul Grant was a music critic. 他母亲说索尔·格兰特是个音乐评论家。 把握that引导的宾语从句要注意以下特殊情况： (1) 宾语从句(通常是由that引导的宾语从句)常置于句末并用it作形式宾语。例如： We think it important that Mary should tell the truth. 我们认为玛丽说出实情很重要。// I have made it clear that we’ll sign the contract with your company. 我已讲得很清楚： 我方将与贵公司签订这个合约。 (2) that 从句作介词宾语只用于except that和in that结构。例如： His report is correct except that some details are omitted. 除了有些细节未提到之外， 他的报道是正确的。// Criticism and self’criticism is necessary in that it helps us to correct our mistakes. 批评和自我批评是必要的， 因为它能帮助我们改正错误。 (3) allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive等及物动词后可以接不定式或动名词作宾语， 但不可以接that引导的宾语从句。例如： I admire their winning the match. (√) I admire that they won the match. (?菖) 2. 与疑问词形式相同的连词引导的宾语从句， 这包括： (1) 动词(＋间接宾语)＋与疑问词形式相同的连词引导的宾语从句。常用于这种句型的动词有see, know, wonder, show, ask, tell, decide, find out, imagine等。例如： Tell me how you went to school. 告诉我你怎么去上学的。// John wondered why he was wanted by the police, but he went to the station yesterday. 约翰不知道为什么警察局要他去， 但昨天他还是去了。 (2) 介词＋与疑问词形式相同的连词引导的宾语从句。例如： I am not interested in what he is doing. 我对他做的事不感兴趣。// He will write a book on how Chinese people learn English. 他将写一本中国人如何学英语的书。 (3) be＋形容词＋与疑问词形式相同的连词引导的宾语从句(这种结构中的“be＋形容词”可以被视为发挥着及物动词的作用， 其后的从句具有宾语从句的性质)， 例如： Are you certain that you’ll get there in time? 你有把握及时赶到那里吗？// He was disappointed that he failed to get the master degree. 他很失望没有获得硕士学位。 3. whether与if引导宾语从句时一般可以互换， 例如： The boss asked me whether/if she was qualified for the task. 老板问我她是否胜任这项任务。 ［考题1］ With his work completed, the businessman stepped back to his seat, feeling pleased ____ he was a man of action. (2006湖南) A. which B. that C. what D. whether ［答案］ B ［解析］ feeling pleased后的宾语从句中基本成分完整， 可以构成独立的陈述句， 应选that引导该宾语从句。 ［考题2］ I was surprised by her words, which made me recognize ____ silly mistakes I had made. (2005湖南) A. what B. that C. how D. which ［答案］ A ［解析］ 题干句意为： 我对她的话很吃惊， 它迫使我承认我犯了多么愚蠢的错误。下划线处应引导recognize的宾语从句表感叹， 应选用what与名词silly mistakes连用表感叹。 ［考题3］ I just wonder ____ that makes him so excited. (2006山东) A. why it does B. what he does C. how it is D. what it is ［答案］ D ［解析］ 由于“that makes him so excited”的存在， 四个选项中只有选项D适合填入下划线处充当wonder的宾语从句。“what it is that makes him so excited”中it是形式主语， 真正的主语是that引导的主语从句， 意为“使他如此激动的是什么”。 ［考题4］ The shopkeeper did not want to sell for ____ he thought was not enough. (2005山东) A. where B. how C. what D. which ［答案］ C ［解析］ 本题考查了引导名词性从句的连词的用法。四个选项中只有what和which可以在从句中充当主语,而which 在名词从句中意为“哪一个”,因此在本题中意思不对， 故选C。 ［考题5］ When you answer questions in a job interview, please remember the golden rule: Always give the monkey exactly ____ he wants. (2002上海春) A. what B. which C. when D. that ［答案］ A ［解析］ “Always give the monkey exactly what he wants. ”是采用祈使语气的谚语， 意思是“永远都要给别人他确实想要的东西。”。what hewants作其中的宾语， 泛指主语he所想要的东西。 ［考题6］ The old lady’s hand shook frequently. She explained to her doctor ____ this shaking had begun half a year before, and ______, only because of this, she had been forced to give up her job. (2005重庆) A. when; how B. how; when C. how; how D. why; why ［答案］ C ［解析］ 题干意为： 这位老妇人的手经常颤抖， 她向医生解释了这种颤抖如何从半年前开始以及她如何因此而被迫放弃了工作。两个下划线处引导的宾语从句都是表示“方式”而不是时间或原因， 因此都应填入how。 ［考题7］ We cannot figure out ____ quite a number of insects, birds, and animals are dying out. (2004) A. that B. as C. why D. when ［答案］ C ［解析］ 下划线处的引导词引导主句figure out之后的宾语从句， 并在宾语从句中充当原因状语(理解成充当时间状语或者不充当任何句子成分的情况语法上没有错， 但是不符合实际， 因为大量物种濒临灭绝是众所周知的现状)， 应填入引导词why。 ［考题8］ We haven’t settled the question of ____ it is necessary for him to study abroad. (2006江苏) A. if B. where C. whether D. that ［答案］ C ［解析］ 下划线处引导介词of的宾语从句， 与question相呼应， 该宾语从句要表示出“(他)是否(有必要出国留学)”的含义， 四个选项中只有whether可以表示出“是否”的含义。 |
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