 Ancient Chinese civilization, ancient Indian civilization, ancient Egyptian civilization, ancient Greek civilization and ancient Mayan civilization existed in ancient world. In the long river of history, only ancient Chinese civilization remains, while the other four ancient civilizations have long disappeared. The carriers of the other four ancient civilizations have long disappeared, and the phonetic characters of today are growing on the ruins of their cultures, and their ancient characters have become an antique which is difficult for the world to understand today. Only ancient Chinese civilization and its carrier, ancient Chinese characters, still live in the hearts of the Chinese nation. Nowadays, the popular phonetic alphabet is just a record of people's pronunciation, and the spelling itself is not scientific. Ancient Chinese characters are quite different from phonetic characters. They are not records of sounds; thousands of different dialects in China have many kinds of pronunciations for the same Chinese characters. There are hundreds of simple pictographs and onomatopoeias in ancient Chinese characters. There are 300 partial radicals in the present Chinese character dictionary, and 540 partial radicals in the ancient Chinese characters research books. The appearance of these partial radicals is concrete, that is, they are the external appearance of some concrete things in nature. They are often visible, palpable and smelling. In Chinese characters, these pictographs are called 'text'. These 300 or so 'articles', through the scientific combination of two or more radicals (also called 'Wen'), are 'characters', accounting for the vast majority of Chinese characters. It can be said 'characters' are not 'pictographs', but 'characters' have the pictographic characteristics of 'pictographs'. However, although Chinese characters have such characteristics, they cannot be called 'pictographs' because they are not pictographs in the specific sense of individual characters. It is the 'pictogram' in the general, universal sense. In other words, the words themselves, any of them are not the pictogram of a specific thing, but the common characteristics or 'commonalities' of a group or category of things. Like the word 'male', it does not mean individual, specific men, but the common characteristics of a group of men cultivated in the field. Therefore, Chinese characters are simply called pictographs That is to say, it is an unscientific term for Chinese characters. According to my research results, I prefer to call Chinese characters 'rational words', a word from perceptual concrete to rational concrete. With regard to this conclusion, as it involves a complex philosophical concept, I suggest that readers take a look at my book, 'the vast majority of Chinese characters are rational words.' Most of the ancient Chinese characters are the process of expressing the understanding of the complex things in the objective world and the abstract things in the subjective world by applying the perceptual concrete to the scientific rationality. Ancient Chinese characters are scientific in revealing the laws of all kinds of things. For the expression of objective world and subjective world, ancient Chinese characters show outstanding spirituality and scientificalness. The radicals of ancient Chinese characters are pictograms of simple and concrete things visible and perceptible to nature. The method of combining the radical of ancient Chinese characters to reveal the intrinsic nature and regularity of things scientifically, rationally and concretely. From the long forming History of Ancient Chinese characters In the process, it is revealed that every Chinese character, from the expression of its constantly changing characters, shows that the early people recognized the world of childish, until later is a mature process of change; This process of cognition of Chinese characters is basically consistent with the law of man's gradual cognition of the world. Ancient Chinese characters can more scientifically reflect the various things they express, which flashes with the Han nationality as the main body of the ancient Chinese ancestors (including the 56 ancestors of our country). Continue to explore and recognize the world of intelligent wisdom and outstanding ability. In the course of studying ancient Chinese characters, the author gradually has a deeper understanding of the scientific and magical characteristics of ancient Chinese characters. The magic wisdom of ancient Chinese characters makes you feel fresh and fresh. This kind of exploration is very valuable to deeply understand the true meaning and spiritual essence of Chinese characters and to improve the level of philosophical thinking. Therefore, the author is willing to convey his profound and exciting experience to the reader. The purpose of this book in analyzing and revealing ancient Chinese characters is to make the complex and subjective abstract things become rational and concrete in Chinese characters, which can be cognized by feeling. It can be beneficial to enlighten the wisdom of children to adolescents, to youth, to middle age, and even to the elderly, to truly understand the true meaning of each ancient Chinese character, to help people to understand the ancient Chinese characters from difficult to understand, difficult to understand the feeling of lax interpretation. The historical investigation of the formation of ancient Chinese characters in this book breaks through the old cage of mysterious Chinese characters, which is completely in line with the regularity of the development of Chinese characters. Ancient Chinese characters ranged from nearly 2000 characters in oracle bone inscriptions to the stages of Jin, Dingwen, Da Zhuan, Xiao Zhuan, Li script, and to the regular script stage: Xu Shenshi had 9354 characters in the Eastern Han Dynasty and 47043 words in the Kangxi Dictionary (Qing Dynasty, 1716 AD). To modern daily use of simplified Chinese characters in less than 10000 words; This is a history of five or six thousand years of development of Chinese characters. All this shows that the formation, formation and development of Chinese characters, regardless of their origin, are a bombardment to the participation of millions of people. A strong cause cannot be accomplished by an individual; Of course, the role played by outstanding figures such as Cangjie in the creation or integration of Chinese characters in the formation and development of Chinese characters should also be affirmed. However, any mysterious idea that history can be attributed to the role of individuals should be abandoned. This book has inherited, challenged and even negated the writings of ancient Chinese characters experts (mainly Xu Shen et al.) in the Eastern Han Dynasty. This is not surprising, for the author is a modern man. As a modern people, the level of cognition of the world is always consistent with the height of knowledge, and the height of knowledge is determined by the level of social productive forces and the development of social relations of production. Therefore, with regard to the author's different views from those of his predecessors, it is hoped that the reader will understand the author's scientific exploration spirit and, at the same time, he will be able to sharpen some of the rough conclusions in the book. Discuss each other to make the conclusion more scientific. The first draft of the book was formed in 2008, with hundreds of 'sample booklets' in the middle of which some readers met, but the actual official publication, that is now the case. It is true that it has been a long time, but it is also a pleasure to have a lot of my new research in between from the first draft to the present version. Moreover, the forefathers' magic wisdom on Chinese characters can return to the true, brilliant, and unfolded in the eyes of the world. At the same time, as a result of my painstaking and painstaking research, I have finally been able to publish, which is indeed a great good thing that deserves our common happiness. ! Now coincides with the renaissance of Chinese civilization, the day of the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. I sincerely hope that this book will contribute to the development of ancient Chinese characters in the Chinese cultural circle and the world, to the rejuvenation of Chinese civilization and to the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. Liu Dongwen Beijing, 18 May 2015 序 世界古代存在过古中华文明、古印度文明、古埃及文明、古希腊文明、古玛雅文明等五大古老文明。在历史的长河中，至今只有古中华文明硕果仅存，而其他四大古文明早已消失殆尽。其他四大古文明的文字载体也早已消失，在其文化废墟上生长出今天的拼音文字，而其古文字成为当今世人难以弄懂的古董。只有古中华文明及其载体——古汉字，至今照样活在中华民族的心中，并且依然生机盎然，具有远大辉煌的发展前途。 当今世界上流行的拼音文字只是人们发音的记录，拼音文字本身不具有科学性。古汉字与拼音文字有很大的不同，她不是声音的记录；中国境内数以千计的不同方言，对同一个汉字有诸多种的读音就充分说明了这一点。 古汉字中有数百个简单的象形字和拟声字，它们就是汉字中的偏旁部首。现在的汉字字典中认可的有300个偏旁部首，在以往古汉字研究书中则有540个偏旁部首。这些偏旁部首其外观都有具象性，即是自然界某些具体事物的外在表象，它们往往是看得见、摸得着、闻得到的，在汉字中，这些象形字被称为“文”。而这300来个“文”，通过两个以上偏旁部首（也可称为“文”）的科学组合而成的则是“字”，则占汉字中的绝大多数。可以说“字”不是“象形字”，但是，“字”却具有“象形字”的象形特点，不过汉字虽然具有这种特点，却不可称之为“象形字”，因为，它们不是个别的具体意义上的象形，而是一般的、普遍意义上的“象形”。换言之，这些“字”本身，它们中的任何一个字都不是某个具体事物的象形，而是一群或者一类事物的共同特色或者是“共性”。如同“男”字，表示的不是个别的、具体的男，而是一群耕种在田间的男性的共同特征。因此，简单称汉字为象形字，就是以偏概全，或者张冠李戴了，是对汉字一种不科学的称呼。根据我的研究结果，我更愿意称汉字是“理性字”，一种从感性具体上升到理性具体的字。关于这个结论，因为涉及一个复杂的哲学概念，我建议各位读者去看一下我在书中的“绝大多数汉字是理性字”的阐述。 绝大部分的古汉字则是应用感性具体到科学理性的具体，来表达先祖对于客观世界的复杂事物和主观世界的各种抽象事物的认识过程；古汉字具有深刻揭示各种事物规律的科学性。对于客观世界以及主观世界各种事物的表达上，古汉字展现出杰出的灵性和科学性。古汉字的各个部首是对自然界各种可见的、可以感知的简单具体事物的象形字。古汉字用字的部首的组合方法，来科学理性具体的揭示事物的内在本质和规律性。从古汉字在漫长形成的历史过程中就揭示出，具体到每一个汉字身上，从表现它的文字不断变化上，就表明早期人们认知世界的幼稚性，直到后来才是成熟性的转变过程；汉字认知上的这种过程与人类逐渐认知世界的规律是基本一致的。古汉字能够比较科学地反映其表达的各种事物，这闪烁着以汉族为主体的中华民族古代先民（应当包括我国56个民族先祖都在内），持续不断地探索和认知世界的聪明智慧和杰出能力。 作者在对古汉字的研究过程中，对于古汉字的科学神奇的特点逐步产生了较深刻的认识。古汉字的神奇智慧有令自己耳目一新、茅塞顿开的感受。这种探索对于深刻认识汉字的真实含义及其精神实质，以及提升自己的哲学思维水平，都是很有价值的。因此，作者愿意把自己的这种深刻又令人振奋的体会传达给读者。 本书对古汉字的分析和揭密，目的是让人们对复杂的和主观抽象的事物，在汉字中变成理性具体的、可以通过感觉来认知的事物；能够有益于启迪从幼儿到少年、到青年、到中年、乃至老年人的智慧，有益于真正理解每个古汉字的真实含义；有助于人们从对古汉字难认、难以理解的感觉到涣然冰释。 本书对于古汉字形成的历史考察，突破了把汉字神秘化的旧笼子，这是完全符合汉字发展的规律性的。古汉字从甲骨文的近2000文字，到金文、鼎文阶段，到大篆、小篆、隶书阶段，到楷书阶段：东汉许慎时汉字为9354字，到《康熙字典》（清，公元1716年）47043字，到现代日常使用的简体汉字在10000字以内；这是汉字五六千年的发展历史。这都表明汉字无论其初创，其形成，其发展，都是千百万人民群众参加的一番轰轰烈烈的事业，不是个别人所能成就的；当然，如仓颉等在杰出人物在汉字形成发展中的汉字首创或者整合上所起的作用也是应当加以肯定的，但是，任何把历史归结为个别人作用的神秘观念都是应当摒弃的。 本书对于我国古汉字的文字专家（主要是东汉 许慎等）的著述，既有继承的一面，也有挑战的一面，甚至有否定的一面。这是不奇怪的，因为作者已经是现代化的人。作为现代化的人们对于世界事物的认知水平，总是与人们所站的知识高度相一致的，而知识高度则是由社会生产力和社会生产关系的发展水平决定的。因此，对于书中作者与前人不同的观点，希望读者能够理解作者的科学探索精神，同时对于书中有的还显粗糙的结论，能够如琢如磨，互相探讨，使结论更趋科学性。 本书初稿形成于2008年，中间有过几百本“样书”与部分读者见面，但是真正的正式出版发行，那是现在的事情。可以说的确是历经长期磨难了，但是，从初稿到现在的版本，中间又有了我的许多研究新成果补充进来，也是一件很愉快的事情。而且，先祖在汉字上的神奇智慧能够如和氏璧那样去璞返真，光辉灿烂，展现在世人的眼前；同时，作为我的一番苦心孤诣刻苦研究出来的成果也终于能够出版了，的确是很值得我们共同为之高兴的大好事！现在恰逢中华文明复兴腾飞之时，中华民族复兴腾飞之日。我忠诚地希望本书，能够为古汉字在中华文化圈和世界范围发扬光大，为中华文明的复兴腾飞，为中华民族的复兴腾飞，作出应有的贡献。 刘东汶 2015年5月18日于北京 |
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