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翻译的标准 The criteria(standard)of translation 信达雅 Fidelity(faithfulness) Fluency(expressiveness) Elegance(flair) 透彻的理解 have a thorough understanding 准确的表达 precise(accurate) expression 意译 free (liberal) translation 直译 literal translation 死译 word-for-word translation 活译 dynamic equivalence translation 重译 repetition 增译 (contextual) amplification 减译 omission 词类转移 conversion 词序调整 inversion 分译 division 正说反译/反说正译 negation 语态变换 the change of the voice 归化/异化 Foreignizing/ Alienation; Domesticating/ Adaptation 对等 equivalence 形式对等 formal correspondence 动态（灵活）对等 dynamic equivalence 意义对等 equivalence in terms of meaning 风格对等 equivalence in terms of style 意合 Parataxis 形合 Hypotaxis 欠额翻译（过载翻译）under translation (overloaded translation) 校核 rectification 释义 paraphrase 翻译学 translatology 翻译科学 science of translating 神似 be alike in spirit (be an excellent likeness) 化镜 sublimity (perfection) 已入化境 reach(attain) perfection 和谐 harmonious 和谐一致 in perfect harmony 不仅形似而且神似 be alike not only in appearance(form) but also in spirit 宁信而不雅 It is better to be faithful than to be elegant 宁顺而不信，宁信而不顺 It is better to have a smooth version than a faithful one Rather be faithful (in thought) than smooth (in language) 保持原文的丰姿 keep the full flavor of the original work 忠实通顺 Faithful(ness) and smooth(ness) (clear and coherent) 忠实的译文 translation true to the original 忠实于原文 true(faithful) to the original 句子不通 the sentence doesn’t read smoothly 他的翻译通顺易懂 his interpretation is coherent and intelligible （泰特勒Tytler提出的）翻译三原则： 1， 译文应完整地再现原文的思想内容 That the translation should give a complete transcript of the ideas of the original work 2， 译文的风格，笔调应与原文的性质相同 That the style and manner of writing should be of the same character with that of the original 3， 译文应象原文一样自然流畅 That the translation should have all the ease of the original composition Generally speaking, a qualified translator should have 1. a good command of the source language 2. a good command of the target language 3. a wide range and scope of knowledge 4. a high political consciousness 5. a necessary knowledge of basic techniques (skills) used in translation |
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