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Asthma is a lung disease that inflames and narrows your airways. Normally, as you inhale, air moves freely through your trachea or windpipe then through large tubes called bronchi, smaller tubes called bronchioles, and finally into tiny sacs called alveoli. 哮喘是一种肺部疾病，表现为气道发炎和狭窄。正常时，当你呼吸时，空气自由穿梭气管，进而穿过较大的气管即支气管，较小的气管即细支气管，最终进入称为肺泡小囊。
Small blood vessels called capillaries surround your alveoli. Oxygen from the air you breathe passes into your capillaries, then carbon dioxide from your body passes out of your capillaries into your alveoli so that your lungs can get rid of it when you exhale. 称为毛细血管的一些小血管包围着肺泡。呼吸时，你呼吸空气中的氧气进入毛细血管，之后体内的二氧化碳穿过毛细血管进入肺泡，呼气时肺部将二氧化碳排出。
Your bronchiols expand when the air is warm, moist and free of irritants and allergy causing substances called allergens. When air is cold, or dry or contain irritants or allergens your bronchiols contract. 当空气较为温暖、湿润和没有刺激物和引起过敏的过敏原的物质时，支气管会扩张。当空气变冷、干燥或含有刺激物或过敏原时，支气管则收缩。
If you have asthma, your airways are frequently inflamed and swollen. Certain substances can cause your inflamed airways to over react even more resulting in an asthma attack. 如果得了哮喘，你的气道经常会出现炎症和肿胀。某些物质会导致发炎的气道反应过度，从而引起哮喘发作。
Triggers of asthma attacks are slightly different from everyone, but usually include outdoor irritants and allergens, such as pollen, smoke, pollution and cold weather. Indoor irritants and allergens such as mold, pet-dander, dust mites and cockroach droppings. Food allergens such as fish, shellfish, eggs, peanuts and soy. And conditions such as respiratory infections, stress, strong emotions and exercise. 哮喘发作的诱因随个体存在一定的差异，但通常包括室外刺激物和过敏原，例如花粉、烟、污染和冷空气；室内刺激物和过敏原，例如发霉物、宠物毛屑、尘螨和蟑螂排泄物；食物过敏原，例如鱼、贝类、鸡蛋，花生和大豆；还有如呼吸道感染、应激、强烈的情感波动和运动。
The symptoms of an asthma attack include coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath and tightness inyour chest. During an asthma attack or known as a bronchospasm, the muscles around your airways tighten and airway wall becomes more swollen. Your airways also produce thick mucus that narrows them even more making it hard for you to breathe. 哮喘发作的症状包括咳嗽、喘息、气短和胸闷。当哮喘发作或支气管痉挛时，气道周围的肌肉绷紧，管壁更加肿胀。气道还会产生粘稠液体，使气道更加狭窄，从而呼吸更加困难。
If you have asthma, your doctor may prescribe medications to reduce inflammation in your airways, constriction of the muscles surrounding your airways or mucus secretion in your airways. 如果你得上哮喘，医生会开出处方药物来减轻气道炎症、气道周围肌肉的收缩或气道粘液分泌。
During an asthma attack, you may need to use a short-acting rescue medication called a bronchodilator.This medication causes your airway muscles to relax quickly and provide symptom relief within minutes. 哮喘发作期间，你可能需要使用叫做支气管扩张剂的短效急救药物。这类药物可使得气道肌肉松弛，在数分钟内使症状减轻。
Since there is no cure for asthma, the goal is to prevent you from having asthma attacks by using long-acting anti-inflammatory control medications. If you take them everyday, they will reduce the inflammation of your airways making them less sensitive to triggers of asthma attacks. 由于哮喘还无法治愈，治疗的目的是采用长效抗炎控制药物来阻止哮喘发作。如果你每天用药，则将减轻你的气道炎症，使气道对哮喘发作的诱因敏感性降低。 视频2
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